Joshua Ryne Goldberg | |
---|---|
Born | |
Other names | Australi Witness, Tanya Cohen, Madotsuki the Dreamer, MoonMetropolis, European88, Michael Slay, AustWitness, AusWitness |
Criminal status | Released |
Conviction(s) | Attempted malicious damage and destruction of a building using an explosive (18 U.S.C. § 844) |
Criminal penalty | 10 years imprisonment plus lifetime of supervised release |
Date apprehended | September 9, 2015 |
Joshua Ryne Goldberg (born May 14, 1995) is an American internet troll, [1] convicted of attempting a bombing on the 14th anniversary of the September 11 attacks [2] while posing as an Islamic terrorist affiliated with ISIS. [3] [4] [5]
Goldberg first received law-enforcement and media attention under his Twitter handle "Australi Witness" following the Curtis Culwell Center attack, a terrorist attack on a Garland, Texas exhibit featuring images of Muhammad in May 2015, in which two assailants died in a shootout with police. [2] The "Australi Witness" persona had, posing as a Perth jihadist, called for an attack on, and posted maps of, the center where the exhibit was taking place. "Australi Witness" was retweeted by one of the assailants before the attack, and praised the jihadist attackers in its aftermath. [6] Goldberg claimed credit for the attack; [7] he also allegedly planned terrorist attacks in Australia. [8]
Goldberg had many online identities and spent "huge amounts" of time on the internet. [7] In addition to his accounts that purported to be Islamic terrorism supporters, he made thousands of troll posts under different aliases advocating for liberal feminism, neo-Nazism, and other ideologies. In a 2019 self-published article on Medium, Goldberg admitted to having operated at least 27 different accounts on Reddit alone and many more on other websites, with false online identities on all sides of the ideological spectrum. [9]
Initially charged with distributing information about bomb-making techniques in connection with a planned attack on a 2015 Kansas City 9/11 memorial event, [10] Goldberg's trial was suspended pending efforts by doctors to return him to competence [11] after it emerged that he had a history of mental illness. [12] Goldberg was returned to competency and on December 20, 2017, pleaded guilty to federal charges of attempted malicious damage and destruction by an explosive of a building. [2] [13] On June 25, 2018, Goldberg was sentenced to ten years in federal prison and lifetime supervision. [14]
Goldberg is Jewish. [15] [16] [17] He lived with his parents in Orange Park, Florida, a suburb of Jacksonville. [18]
Goldberg made online posts under many pseudonyms [7] and spent 14 to 20 hours on the internet per day. [19] After learning of his internet activities, the FBI attempted to place him under physical surveillance, but this was generally ineffective because for several weeks he did not leave his parents' house or open the front door. [20]
Australi Witness was an online persona claiming to be an ISIS-affiliated jihadist from Australia, who was described by Rita Katz, executive director of SITE Intelligence Group, as holding a "prestigious position" in online jihadi circles. [6]
Australi Witness retweeted a call for an attack on the Draw Muhammad Contest being held at the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas, on May 3, 2015. The post that Australi Witness retweeted called on "brothers in Texas" to go there "with your weapons, bombs or with knifes [ sic ]" to "defend your Prophet". [21] The Australi Witness persona also posted maps to the event. Subsequently, two men, identified as Phoenix, Arizona, residents Elton Simpson and Nadir Soofi, were shot dead by police as they attempted to attack the contest. The FBI found that Simpson retweeted a message from the Australi Witness Twitter handle on the morning of the attack. [15] [16] Australi Witness claimed credit for having inspired the attack to multiple media outlets, [7] [22] [23] praised Simpson and Soofi as martyrs, [24] and expressed support for the attack in an interview with Fairfax Media. [6]
Australi Witness posted a 50-page guide online on how to join the terror group ISIS, [25] and later posted a list of synagogues in Australia, ostensibly to encourage his supporters to attack them. [26] He communicated that he was planning an attack in Melbourne to an FBI informant, who posed as a jihadist, [27] and a 17-year-old who pleaded guilty to planning a Mother's Day 2015 bombing in Melbourne using pressure cooker and pipe bombs, which was never carried out, was found to have been in contact with Goldberg. [28]
According to the FBI, Australi Witness posted to an ISIS-related website that he had recruited two people (one in Los Angeles, the other in Melbourne) to, "using guns, shoot up local synagogues when the maximum amount of Jews are praying", stating that "the entire thing was my idea, and I helped them every step of the way". [22]
Australi Witness also claimed to have worked for Amnesty International, [5] asked followers to target Australian cartoonist Larry Pickering, and repeatedly attempted to associate himself with anti-Islamophobia campaigner Mariam Veiszadeh. [29]
Goldberg reportedly set up a fake account in the name of Australian Muslim preacher Junaid Thorne. Goldberg also created multiple fake jihadist accounts, which interacted with the fake Thorne account, and he then sent screengrabs of the fabricated interactions to journalists, at least one of whom published the fake interaction in an article of The West Australian in April 2015. [29] [30]
The fake jihadist personas were also used to besmirch Amnesty International and the Human Rights Law Centre by claiming that the fake jihadists had employment ties, or donated money to, these organizations. [29] This persona was linked to Goldberg on Facebook. [29]
Goldberg reportedly set up a fake Twitter account in the name of anti-sexual exploitation campaigner Caitlin Roper, who allegedly earned his ire because of her efforts to get the video game Grand Theft Auto V banned in Australia. The fake account sent Promoted Tweets that targeted the transgender community. [29]
Under this persona, Goldberg posed as a female left-wing Australian activist opposed to free speech. Goldberg's work under the persona was published in many places, including Thought Catalog, a Daily Kos diary; and Feministing, a feminist blog. [31] Wall Street Journal columnist James Taranto apologized for believing a hoax allegedly perpetrated by Goldberg under the name "Tanya Cohen" earlier in 2015. [32]
National Review 's Charles Cooke described the article that Taranto responded to as "exquisite satire", [33] while Mike Masnick of Techdirt called it "damn good satire, because it's just stupid enough at the beginning to drag you in and make you believe it, and then, slowly but surely, over the course of a very long writeup, it starts tossing out ever more ridiculous ideas -- drip... drip... drip -- that just, gently, turn up the outrage-o-meter, such that many people don't even realize that it's satire." [34] This persona was linked to Goldberg on Facebook. [29]
On Reddit, Goldberg made thousands of racist posts under the neo-Nazi persona "European88." Under this persona, Goldberg created and moderated many controversial Reddit communities that were racist in nature, including being a moderator for the "r/CoonTown" subreddit. [35]
Many subreddits he created or moderated, including "r/CoonTown", were banned during a period when Reddit's content policy was revised in August 2015. [36] [37]
Goldberg posted on the neo-Nazi website The Daily Stormer as "Michael Slay".
Upon his arrest and unveiling, the administrator of the site removed his posts. [31] [38] In 2022, while serving time in American federal prison, Goldberg published an article on the self-publishing website Medium detailing how he became a writer for The Daily Stormer and mocking The Daily Stormer founder Andrew Anglin. [39]
In April 2015, Goldberg covertly wrote and posted a hoax article on a Times of Israel blog calling for the extermination of the Palestinian people. The article was ostensibly written by Josh Bornstein, a Jewish Australian lawyer, and triggered widespread condemnation. Bornstein immediately disavowed responsibility for the post, which was deleted by The Times of Israel. [17] It has since been shown and accepted that Bornstein was the victim of the malicious hoax by Goldberg. [40]
Initially, it was believed that the hoax was perpetrated by white supremacists. [40] In May 2015, Bornstein faced online threats from Goldberg's Australi Witness Twitter account, [41] and it was only later learned that Goldberg was responsible for the hoaxing. [29]
Goldberg was also active on Twitter, Reddit, Disqus and others under the username MoonMetropolis, [7] a "free speech absolutist" who was involved with the Gamergate controversy. He would frequently use this persona to criticize the works of his other personas such as anti-free speech activist Tanya Cohen, arguing against points that he himself had made. [38]
Goldberg also posted strong opinions on the subject of free speech absolutism to the website Thought Catalog, using both the MoonMetropolis name and his own name. [31]
On April 28, 2024, 27 days after his prison release, Goldberg announced on his X account an "ask me anything" (AMA) session on the imageboard soyjak.party, as he was unable to make one on Reddit due to having been banned from the site. [42] [43]
News reports about the Australi Witness online persona calling for the Garland attack first brought the account to the attention of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). [2] [4] [27] The Australian Federal Police (AFP) alerted the FBI about the real identity of Australi Witness, with the AFP, in turn, being handed the information by two Australian journalists, Elise Potaka and Luke McMahon. [7] [29] However, according to the FBI affidavit filed in court, by the time they received this information from the AFP, their investigation into Goldberg was already well underway. [44] Potaka and McMahon independently tracked and identified the person behind the Australi Witness account after he impersonated Potaka on Facebook, leading to a chain of events which connected Australi Witness to Goldberg. [29] The FBI also directly linked Australi Witness to Goldberg via his IP address. [22]
Australi Witness passed specific [22] information on the manufacture of a bomb targeting a September 11 memorial event in Kansas City, Missouri to an FBI informant, who was posing as a Muslim extremist. According to the FBI, Australi Witness suggested that the informant bomb the memorial in Kansas City after the latter claimed to live near that city, [45] and also encouraged the informant to make the bomb more deadly by adding rat poison to the shrapnel. [4] Australi Witness posted pictures online of what he claimed was a bomb he was building, [5] [24] and emailed BBC journalist Mike Wendling, claiming credit for the Curtis Culwell Center attack and warning that a pressure cooker bomb would be detonated in a "large Midwestern US city" on September 11, 2015. [7]
Goldberg was arrested by the FBI after being identified as Australi Witness on September 9, 2015. After a raid on his home by the FBI, Goldberg allegedly admitted to agents that he had distributed the information about making the bomb in Kansas City. [21] Goldberg appeared in court on September 15, where he was ordered to undergo a 30-day mental health evaluation to determine his fitness to stand trial. [46]
After his arrest, it emerged that Goldberg had previously been diagnosed with schizophrenia and anxiety disorder. [12] On December 14, 2015, after an examination by prison psychologist Lisa Feldman at Federal Detention Center, Miami, [47] US Magistrate Judge James Klindt ruled Goldberg mentally incompetent to stand trial and Goldberg was ordered to undergo psychiatric treatment for four months at the Federal Medical Center, Butner. [48] [49] [50] [51] Goldberg again appeared before Klindt on June 15, 2016, and was described by prison psychiatrists as "improving", and that there was a "good chance" of him being returned to competency to stand trial. Another status update was scheduled by Klindt for October 15, 2016. [11] Goldberg's lawyer, Paul Shorstein, later said that Goldberg had Asperger's Syndrome and had been diagnosed with clinical depression. [52] Goldberg's defense subsequently claimed that Goldberg had autism, wanted to be a journalist, and had made "impressive" journalistic progress in his trolling activities. [53] Goldberg has claimed that he was the target of abuse by prison staff because of his autism. [54]
On December 20, 2017, Goldberg pleaded guilty to attempted malicious damage and destruction by an explosive of a building, in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. [2] The prosecutor's plea agreement also claimed that Goldberg had been planning a terrorist attack in Melbourne, Australia. [8]
On June 25, 2018, Goldberg was sentenced to ten years at the Federal Correctional Complex, Butner in Butner, North Carolina, followed by lifetime supervised release. [55]
Goldberg was released from prison on April 1, 2024. [56]
A beheading video is a video which depicts a live murder in which a hostage or victim is shown to be graphically decapitated, or the head is displayed in the aftermath. Such videos are typically distributed mostly through the Internet, and are often employed by groups seeking to instill shock or terror into a population. Although beheading has been a widely employed public execution method since the ancient Greeks and Romans, videos of this type only began to arise in 2002 with the beheading of Daniel Pearl and the growth of the Internet in the Information Age, which allowed groups to anonymously publish these videos for public consumption. The beheadings shown in these videos are usually not performed in a "classical" method — decapitating a victim quickly with a blow from a sword or axe — but by the relatively slow and torturous process of slicing and sawing the victim's neck, while still alive, with a knife.
Terrorism in Australia deals with terrorist acts in Australia as well as steps taken by the Australian government to counter the threat of terrorism. In 2004 the Australian government has identified transnational terrorism as also a threat to Australia and to Australian citizens overseas. Australia has experienced acts of modern terrorism since the 1960s, while the federal parliament, since the 1970s, has enacted legislation seeking to target terrorism.
Rita Katz is a terrorism analyst and the co-founder of the Search International Terrorist Entities (SITE) Intelligence Group, a private intelligence firm based in Washington, D.C.
Swatting is a criminal harassment act of deceiving an emergency service into sending a police or emergency service response team to another person's address. This is triggered by false reporting of a serious law enforcement emergency, such as a bomb threat, murder, hostage situation, or a false report of a mental health emergency, such as reporting that a person is suicidal or homicidal and may be armed, among other things.
In the United States, a common definition of terrorism is the systematic or threatened use of violence in order to create a general climate of fear to intimidate a population or government and thereby effect political, religious, or ideological change. This article serves as a list and a compilation of acts of terrorism, attempts to commit acts of terrorism, and other such items which pertain to terrorist activities which are engaged in by non-state actors or spies who are acting in the interests of state actors or persons who are acting without the approval of foreign governments within the domestic borders of the United States.
The Federal Correctional Institution, Sandstone is a low-security United States federal prison for male offenders in Sandstone, Minnesota. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BoP), a division of the United States Department of Justice.
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Sami Osmakac is an American convicted by a jury on June 10, 2014, following a criminal trial in U.S. District Court, of plotting terrorist attacks in and near Tampa, Florida.
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Mohammed Junaid Thorne is an Australian Islamic preacher of Aboriginal heritage from Perth, Western Australia. Thorne is noted for his controversial views on Islamic militant groups including Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Thorne is a member of the Australian branch of Millatu Ibrahim, a Salafi organisation banned in Germany. In August 2015 Thorne was sentenced to between four and eight months jail for travelling on an aircraft under a false name, and using fake ID to obtain his ticket.
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The Curtis Culwell Center attack was a failed terrorist attack on an exhibit featuring cartoon images of Muhammad at the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas, US on May 3, 2015, which ended in a shootout with police guarding the event, and the deaths of the two perpetrators. The attackers shot an unarmed Garland Independent School District (GISD) security officer in the ankle. Shortly after opening fire, both attackers were shot by an off-duty Garland police officer and killed by SWAT.
Salih Yahya Gazali "Israfil" Yılmaz, is or was a Turkish Islamist militant from the Netherlands, who fought in the Syrian Civil War from 2012 or 2013 until he disappeared in 2016 when he was allegedly killed in an unconfirmed airstrike. According to a captured jihadist, Yilmaz was executed by the Islamic State in 2018. His death however remains unconfirmed and according to intelligence agencies jihadist often fake their deaths to avoid prosecution in their home countries.
The Brussels Islamic State terror cell was a group involved in large-scale terrorist attacks in Paris in November 2015 and Brussels in March 2016. The terror cell was connected to the Islamic State (IS), a jihadist terrorist organisation primarily based in Syria and Iraq.
Mariam Veiszadeh is an Afghan-born Australian lawyer and writer known for her anti-racism campaigns.
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Clint Watts is a senior fellow at the Center for Cyber and Homeland Security at George Washington University and a Foreign Policy Research Institute fellow. He previously was an infantry officer in the United States Army, and was the Executive Officer of the Combating Terrorism Center at United States Military Academy at West Point (CTC). He became a Special Agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation where he served on the Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF). He has consulted for the FBI Counterterrorism Division (CTD) and FBI National Security Branch (NSB).
Ahmad Musa Jibril, also known as Abu Khaled, is a Palestinian-American Islamic radical preacher, cleric, sheikh, and imam. In 2004 he was convicted on 42 charges including fraud. Ideologically influenced by the Sahwa movement, which combines the Islamist revolutionary ideology of Sayyid Qutb mixed with Saudi Wahabbism, he promotes Salafist militant Islamism, and has extensively preached about the Syrian Civil War in highly emotive pro-Sunni terms. While not known to be affiliated directly to any particular group, it has been claimed that he has been an inspirational source for many English speaking pro-Sunni jihadist fighters in Syria, in both al-Nusra and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, and elsewhere.
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