The National Socialist Movement of Norway (Norwegian : Norges Nasjonalsosialistiske Bevegelse, NNSB), formerly Zorn 88, [1] was a Norwegian neo-Nazi [2] group with an estimated 150 members, led by Erik Rune Hansen until his death in 2004. [3] Founded in 1988, it was a secretive group with tight membership regulation. [4]
The NNSB expressed admiration for Adolf Hitler and Vidkun Quisling, [5] and was focused on historical revisionism and antisemitism, [2] particularly Holocaust denial. [1] It published the magazine Gjallarhorn, [1] and in 1999 published The Protocols of the Elders of Zion . [6] Other recurrent topics included racial hygiene, Norse religion, [4] the occult, UFOs, [3] and the white genocide conspiracy theory. [5] Several of its members were active Nazis as front fighters and members of Nasjonal Samling during World War II. [2] [7] The group had ties to Erik Blücher and the magazine Folk og Land , [7] and to Varg Vikernes. [8] It was part of international networks along with the World Union of National Socialists, [4] the National Socialist Movement of Denmark, the Swedish National Socialist Front, and Blood & Honour. [9] [10] Along with Scandinavian groups it took part in celebrations and memorials to Adolf Hitler and Rudolf Hess. [11]
In November 2007, a memorial ceremony at the German war cemetery in Oslo was attacked by anti-fascists, leaving five NNSB-members wounded, one severely. [12] The NNSB pledged that it had no intentions of retaliating the attack. [13] The group was eventually dissolved later the same year. [3]
The history of Jews in Norway dates back to the 1400s. Although there were very likely Jewish merchants, sailors and others who entered Norway during the Middle Ages, no efforts were made to establish a Jewish community. Through the early modern period, Norway, still devastated by the Black Death, was ruled by Denmark from 1536 to 1814 and then by Sweden until 1905. In 1687, Christian V rescinded all Jewish privileges, specifically banning Jews from Norway, except with a special dispensation. Jews found in the kingdom were jailed and expelled, and this ban persisted until 1851.
Lars Saabye Christensen is a Norwegian / Danish author.
Nazi concentration camps in Norway were concentration camps or prisons in Norway established or taken over by the Quisling regime and Nazi German authorities during the German occupation of Norway that began on 9 April 1940 and used for internment of persons by the Nazi authorities. 709 prison camps or concentration camps, [including some death camps,] were counted by a project that had Randi Bratteli, as an advisor. Another source has claimed that there were around 620 prison camps.
Turid Birkeland was a Norwegian cultural executive and former politician for the Labour Party. She was Minister of Culture in 1996–97. She was an author and also worked in television, including being chief of cultural programming at NRK and a member of the board at Telenor. She also headed the Risør Chamber Music Festival, and was the director of Concerts Norway.
Jonas Lie was a Norwegian councilor of state in the Nasjonal Samling government of Vidkun Quisling in 1940, then acting councilor of state 1940–1941, and Minister of Police between 1941 and 1945 in the new Quisling government. Lie was the grandson of the novelist Jonas Lie and the son of the writer Erik Lie.
Skåre is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The 68-square-kilometre (26 sq mi) municipality existed from 1881 until 1958 when it was merged into the neighboring town of Haugesund. Originally, Skåre encompassed the far northwestern corner of Rogaland county on the mainland, plus several islands off the western coast. Today, Skåre refers to the northern part of the town of Haugesund.
Torvastad is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until 1965. The administrative centre was the village of Haugesund, and after that it was the village of Torvastad on the island of Karmøy. Today, the area of Torvastad refers to the northern part of the municipality of Karmøy.
Lista is a former municipality located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway. The 193-square-kilometre (75 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1965. The administrative centre was the village of Vanse where Vanse Church is located. Lista municipality was historically known as the municipality of Vanse until 1911. The former municipality's land is now located in the present-day municipality of Farsund in Agder county.
Øystein Sørensen is a Norwegian historian. A professor at the University of Oslo since 1996, he has published several books on the history of ideas, including Norwegian nationalism and national socialism, as well as general Norwegian World War II history.
Tore Pryser is a Norwegian historian who has served as professor at the Lillehammer University College since 1993.
The German occupation of Norway began on 9 April 1940. In 1942, there were at least 2,173 Jews in Norway. At least 775 of them were arrested, detained and/or deported. More than half of the Norwegians who died in camps in Germany were Jews. 742 Jews were murdered in the camps and 23 Jews died as a result of extrajudicial execution, murder and suicide during the war, bringing the total of Jewish Norwegian dead to at least 765, comprising 230 complete households.
Prior to the deportation of individuals of Jewish background to the concentration camps there were at least 2,173 Jews in Norway. During the Nazi occupation of Norway 772 of these were arrested, detained, and/or deported, most of them sent to Auschwitz or other extermination camps where 742 were murdered. 23 died as a result of extrajudicial execution, murder, and suicide during the war. Between 28 and 34 of those deported survived their continued imprisonment. The Norwegian police and German authorities kept records of these victims, and so, researchers were able to compile information about the deportees.
Berit Nøkleby was a Norwegian historian.
Vigrid is a Norwegian neopagan sect founded by Tore W. Tvedt in 1998 that combines racial theories with Norse mythology. The group is widely regarded as neo-Nazi, and is considered to have an "extremely racist and violent ideology" by the Norwegian Police Security Service (PST). The group is known for their ceremonies and rituals including "baptisms". In 2009, the group registered as a political party and ran for the parliamentary election in one county, receiving 179 votes. The group was disbanded from 2009 to 2013, but has since resumed activities in a limited form, and "now orients its online operations towards an alt-right audience".
The Beisfjord massacre was a massacre on 18 July 1942 at Beisfjord Camp No. 1 in the village of Beisfjord in Narvik Municipality, Norway of 288 political prisoners. The massacre had been ordered a few days earlier by Josef Terboven, the Reichskommissar for Nazi-occupied Norway.
Alexander Toft Søderlund is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Vard Haugesund. He has represented the Norway national team.
Conservative, formerly The Christians Party is a right wing Christian conservative populist political microparty in Norway founded in 2011. The party leader is Erik Selle.
The National Socialist Workers' Party of Norway was a minor extraparliamentary political party in Norway. The party was founded in 1930, and dissolved in May 1940.
Egil Kristian Holst Torkildsen was a Norwegian national socialist editor and activist.
The Norwegian Front was a neo-fascist extraparliamentary political party in Norway founded in 1975, led by Erik Blücher as fører. Following a bomb attack by an activist from the party, the NF was dissolved in 1979 and succeeded by the National People's Party, which itself was dissolved in 1991 after several leading members had received long prison sentences following another bomb attack. The NF had around 1,400 members at its peak.