KH-5 Argon

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KH-5 Argon
Manufacturer Lockheed Corporation
Country of origin United States
Operator NRO
Applications Reconnaissance
Geodetic mapping
Specifications
Bus RM-81 Agena
Launch mass1,274 kg (2,809 lb)
EquipmentOptical cameras
556 x 556 km coverage
140 m resolution
Regime LEO
Production
StatusRetired
Launched12
Retired5
Failed4
Lost3
Related spacecraft
Derived from CORONA
A KH 5 ARGON (with Agena-B service module) main features. KH-5 ARGON (Agena-B).jpg
A KH 5 ARGON (with Agena-B service module) main features.
A KH 5 ARGON (with Agena-D service module) main features. KH-5 ARGON (Agena-D).jpg
A KH 5 ARGON (with Agena-D service module) main features.

KH-5 ARGON was a series of reconnaissance satellites produced by the United States from February 1961 to August 1964. The KH-5 operated similarly to the CORONA series of satellites, as it ejected a canister of photographic film. At least 12 missions were attempted, but at least 7 resulted in failure. The satellite was manufactured by Lockheed. Launches used Thor-Agena launch vehicles flying from Vandenberg Air Force Base, with the payload being integrated into the Agena.

Contents

Payload

Different versions of the satellite varied in mass from 1,110 to 1,500 kg (2,450 to 3,310 lb). At least two missions deployed ELINT subsatellites. Ground resolution for the satellite was 140 m (460 ft), with a swath of 556 km (345 mi). The onboard camera had a focal length of 76 mm. The purpose of the system, which produced relatively low-resolution images compared to other spy satellites, was to provide imagery for cartography purposes. This was one of the tasks that had originally been planned for the SAMOS series of satellites equipped with the (quickly cancelled) E-4 cameras. Each satellite took photographs for less than a week before returning its film.

The satellite was in use during the same period as the KH-2 to KH-4A CORONA and the KH-6 LANYARD satellites. Later satellites were the KH-4B and KH-7 GAMBIT. Images from three of the successful missions returned the first images of Antarctica from space. [1]

Satellites

Discoverer 20 (KH-5 9014A), was a USAF photographic reconnaissance satellite under the supervision of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). Discoverer 20 was the first KH-5 ARGON satellite to be launched. The launch occurred at 20:24:00 GMT on 17 February 1961. A Thor DM-21 Agena-B launch vehicle was used, flying from LC 75-3-4 at the Vandenberg Air Force Base. It was assigned the Harvard designation 1961 Epsilon 1. Discoverer 20 was operated in an Earth orbit, with a perigee of 283 km (176 mi), an apogee of 770 km (480 mi), 80.91° of inclination, and a period of 95.81 minutes. The satellite was equipped with a camera with a focal length of 76 mm, which had a resolution of 140 m (460 ft). Images were recorded onto 127 mm film, and were to have been returned in a Satellite Recovery Vehicle (SRV) before the satellite ceased operations. The satellite weighed 1,110 kg (2,450 lb). Recovery of the capsule was not attempted due to a system malfunction, and thus the scientific experiment data obtained were limited. Discoverer 20 decayed on 28 July 1962. [2]

Launches

NameLaunch Date NSSDC ID Alt NameAlt NameMass (kg)Decay DateNotes
KH-5 9014A1961-02-17 1961-005A Discoverer 201961 Epsilon 111101962-07-28Film capsule not ejected.
KH-5 9016A1961-04-08 1961-011A Discoverer 231961 Lambda 111501962-04-16Film capsule ejected into wrong orbit, not recovered.
KH-5 9018A 1961-06-08 DISC24 Discoverer 241961-F051150---Failed to orbit.
KH-5 9020A1961-07-21 DISC27 Discoverer 271961-F071150---Failed to orbit.
KH-5 9034A1962-05-15 1962-018A FTV 11261962 Sigma11501962-06-20Successful.
KH-5 9042A1962-09-01 1962-044A FTV 11321962 A Upsilon11501962-10-01Film capsule sank.
KH-5 9046A1962-10-09 1962-053A FTV 11341962 B Epsilon15001962-10-17Successful.
KH-5 9055A1963-04-26 1963-004X OPS 10081963-F071150---Failed to orbit.
KH-5 9058A1963-08-29 1963-035A OPS 156110001963-09-30Successful; deployed ELINT subsatellite.
KH-5 9059A1963-10-29 1963-042A OPS 243715001963-11-29Successful; deployed ELINT subsatellite.
KH-5 9065A1964-06-13 1964-030A OPS 323615001964-07-14Successful.
KH-5 9066A1964-08-21 1964-048A OPS 273915001964-09-20Successful.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bindschadler, Robert; Seider, Wendy (1 November 1998). Declassified Intelligence Satellite Photography (DISP) Coverage of Antarctica (PDF). NASA/TM-1998-206879 (Report). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2021.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  2. ↑ "Discover 20". nasa.gov. Retrieved 26 September 2021.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
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