The Kotapinang Sultanate was originally called the Pinang Awan Sultanate. This sultanate was founded by Batara Sinomba with the title Batara Gurga Pinayungan Tuanku Raja Nan Sakti, son of Sultan Alamsyah Syaifuddin who came from the Pagaruyung Kingdom in west coast of Sumatra.[1]
Batara Sinomba's power was replaced by his son, Sinomba Mangkuto Alam. He married a local Malay princess and had two sons and a daughter named Siti Ungu Selendang Bulan. Then he remarried another local princess and had a son. His second wife tried to influence Sinomba Mangkuto Alam so that her son would succeed him as king, so that the king's two sons from his first wife were expelled. After killing Sinomba Mangkuto Alam with the help of the Aceh Sultanate troops, the son of his first wife, Maharaja Awan, ascended the throne to become the Sultan of Kotapinang. As a reward, Siti Ungu was married to the Sultan of Aceh, Iskandar Muda. It was these descendants of the Sultan of Kotapinang who later became kings in the Asahan Sultanate and the Bilah Sultanate. From the Sultan of Asahan, the Sultan of Kualuh and the Sultan of Bilah descended from the Sultan of Panai.
Sultanate Palace of Yang Dipertuan in Kotapinang, c.1931–1934.
After the Japan left Indonesia in 1945, the sultans of East Sumatra wanted their position as kings restored. However, a year later, the anti-nobility movement in the East Sumatra revolution supported by the communists mobilized Javanese and Batak plantation workers do not want the restoration of the feudal system. As a result, the sultanates in East Sumatra, such as Langkat, Deli, Serdang, Bilah, Panai, Kualuh, and Kotapinang, were forced to end and join the Republic of Indonesia.[2]
After the cruel acts and massacres, most of the sultanates family in East Sumatra were arrested, exiled and even killed, some of the Asahan Sultanate family managed to escape and take refuge in the Netherlands, but some others were killed including the Sultan of Bilah, the sultan's relatives were tortured, the princesses were raped. This incident also caused deep wounds for the native Malays of East Sumatra, they hid their identity for a long time, forced to use a surname like the Batak people.[3]
List of rulers
Its ruler, titled sultan, began with the arrival of a Minangkabau prince from Pagaruyung Kingdom who later married a local Malay princess, creating a mixed Malay-Minangkabau monarchy.
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