| Laal Pasha Mosque | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Islam |
| Province | Mersin Province |
| Region | Mediterranean Region |
| Rite | Sunni Islam |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | Mersin, Turkey |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Mosque |
| Completed | 1444 |
Laal Pasha Mosque is a Medieval mosque in Mut in Mersin Province, Turkey. (Names such as Lal Pasha, Lael Pasha and Lala Agha are also used.)
Laal Pasha was a high-ranking bureaucrat in the Turkmen state of Karamanids in Anatolia. In his youth he was a servant of Alaattin Ali of Karaman. But Alaadin Bey had him trained and he was appointed as the governor of various cities in the realm of Karaman including Niğde and Mut. [1] Laal Pasha Mosque had been constructed by Laal Pasha with the orders of the Ibrahim Bey of Karaman at about 1444. After 1471, all territories of Karaman state were conquered by the Ottoman commander Gedik Ahmed Pasha. During the war, many buildings constructed by Karamanids were demolished. But Laal Pasha Mosque survived. According to the inscriptions of the mosque, there had been two large-scale repairs in the past. The minaret which was completely ruined had been rebuilt as recently as 50 years ago.
The mosque at 36°38′40″N33°26′10″E / 36.64444°N 33.43611°E , is in the midtown between a castle and a caravansarai both of which are equally old as the mosque is. The plan of the mosque is square, which would later on be a popular style in Ottoman architecture. There is a big dome, which was constructed of flat face stones. The nartex had been covered by five small domes. [2] In the mosque courtyard, there are two small conical Mausoleums one original and one added by the Ottomans. According to Evliya Çelebi, the 17th century-Turkish travel writer, Laal Pasha's grave is in the first mausoleum. [3]
Bayezid II was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, Bayezid consolidated the Ottoman Empire, thwarted a Safavid rebellion and finally abdicated his throne to his son, Selim I. Bayezid evacuated Sephardi Jews from Spain following the fall of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada and the proclamation of the Alhambra Decree and resettled them throughout Ottoman lands, especially in Salonica.
Mehmed I, also known as Mehmed Çelebi or Kirişçi, was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1413 to 1421. The fourth son of Sultan Bayezid I and Devlet Hatun, he fought with his brothers over control of the Ottoman realm in the Ottoman Interregnum (1402–1413). Starting from the province of Rûm he managed to bring first Anatolia and then the European territories (Rumelia) under his control, reuniting the Ottoman state by 1413, and ruling it until his death in 1421. Called "The Restorer," he reestablished central authority in Anatolia, and he expanded the Ottoman presence in Europe by the conquest of Wallachia in 1415. Venice destroyed his fleet off Gallipoli in 1416 as the Ottomans lost a naval war.
The Karamanids, also known as the Emirate of Karaman and Beylik of Karaman, was one of the Anatolian beyliks, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Province. From the mid 14th century until its fall in 1487, the Karamanid dynasty was one of the most powerful beyliks in Anatolia.
Karaman, historically known as Laranda, is a city in south central Turkey, located in Central Anatolia, north of the Taurus Mountains, about 100 km (62 mi) south of Konya. It is the seat of Karaman Province and Karaman District. Its population is 175,390 (2022). The town lies at an average elevation of 1,039 m (3,409 ft). The Karaman Museum is one of the major sights.
Anatolian beyliks were small principalities in Anatolia governed by beys, the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more extensive period of establishment took place as a result of the decline of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm in the latter half of the 13th century.
Mersin Province, formerly İçel Province, is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Alaiye (علائیه) is the medieval Seljuq name for Alanya. It refers to the city-state in a specific period and the beylik which developed around there, at times under the Karamanid dynasty. After the 1242 Battle of Köse Dağ, the Seljuqs lost control of the city, and it became semi-autonomous.
Ibrahim II was a bey of Karaman. In 1425 he married Ilaldi Sultan Hatun, a daughter of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I. They had six sons among them Ishak Bey, Pir Ahmet Bey and Kaya Bey, who married his cousin Hafsa Hatun, daughter of Murad II, and had a son, Kasım Bey.
Nasiraeddin Mehmed II of Karaman, also Mehmed Beg, Mehmed Beg II or Nasir al-Din Mehmed Beg was the Bey ruler of Karaman. His mother was Nefise Hatun, a daughter of Ottoman Sultan Murad I.
Mut Castle is a castle in Mut, Mersin Province, Turkey.
Kırkkaşık Bedesten is a bedesten in Tarsus, Turkey. There are figures of lotus carved on the pediment of the bedesten. In the Medieval Age, the people named the bedesten Kırkkaşık because they mistook the lotuses for spoons.
Nûre Sûfi Bey was the founder of Karamanid dynasty, a Turkic dynasty which ruled part of Anatolia in the 14th and 15th centuries as a rival of the Ottoman Empire. He was the son of Hodja Sad al-Din who had come from Arran, staying for some years near Sivas.
Karim al-Dīn Ḳarāmān Beg was a Turkoman chieftain who ruled the Karamanids in the 13th century. Ḳarāmān Beg's emergence coincides with the defeat of the Sultanate of Rum by the Mongolian Empire in 1256 and the tension between Kaykaus I and his rival brother Kilij Arslan IV, which allowed local lords living along the boundaries of the state to exercise some autonomy.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Karamania was an exonym used by Europeans for the southern (Mediterranean) coast of Anatolia, then part of the Ottoman Empire. It can also refer to the general south central Anatolian region, whose name is reflected on the modern town of Karaman. It is also the namesake of the larger Karaman Province of Turkey, the historical Karaman Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire, the medieval Turkish Karamanids dynasty and state from the region, and the Karamanlides, a Turkish-speaking Orthodox Christian group originally from the area.
Suleiman Shah, also known as Shah Chelebī, was Bey of Germiyān in western Anatolia from 1361 until his death. His reign was initially peaceful, but he was eventually involved in a conflict with the Karamanids, which forced him to seek an alliance with the Ottoman state. He arranged the marriage of his daughter Devletşah Hatun and Murad I's son and successor, Bayezid. Although he secured an alliance with the Ottomans, Germiyān lost considerable land as Suleiman left numerous towns and smaller settlements for them to seize, including the capital Kütahya, as part of the dowry payment. Suleiman relocated to Kula and died there in 1387.
Hüsnüşah Hatun, called also Hüsnişah Hatun, was a consort of Sultan Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire.
Kubat Pasha Madrasa is a historic madrasa building in Tarsus district of Mersin Province, southern Turkey.
Balabolu is a hill and an archaeological site on the hill in Mersin Province, Turkey.
Taşhan is a historical caravanserai in Mersin Province, Turkey.
Early Ottoman architecture corresponds to the period of Ottoman architecture roughly up to the 15th century. This article covers the history of Ottoman architecture up to the end of Bayezid II's reign, prior to the advent of what is generally considered "classical" Ottoman architecture in the 16th century. Early Ottoman architecture was a continuation of earlier Seljuk and Beylik architecture while also incorporating local Byzantine influences. The new styles took shape in the capital cities of Bursa and Edirne as well as in other important early Ottoman cities such as Iznik. Three main types of structures predominated in this early period: single-domed mosques, "T-plan" buildings, and multi-domed buildings. Religious buildings were often part of larger charitable complexes (külliyes) that included other structures such as madrasas, hammams, tombs, and commercial establishments.
