Lachana

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Lachana
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Noctuoidea
Family: Erebidae
Tribe: Lymantriini
Genus: Lachana
Moore, 1888

Lachana is a genus of moths in the subfamily Lymantriinae. The genus was described by Frederic Moore in 1888. [1] It contains species native to alpine areas on high mountains in the south of the Central Asia. The females do not have wings and lay their eggs within their own old cocoons. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy

This genus, described by Frederic Moore in 1888, was monotypic for over a century, with L. ladakensis as the only species, and thought to be endemic to Ladakh in the Himalayas of India. [3] In 1984 Karel Spitzer considered that all of the species except L. ladakensis belonged within the genus Gynaephora in the subgenus Dasyorgyia, [2] a move he had made provisionally in 1981 already. [4] The subgenus Dasyorgyia had as type species Gynaephora pumila, when this taxon was moved by Tatyana A. Trofimova to Dicallomera pumila in 2008, she was also obliged to move Lachana alpherakii , L. selenophora and L. sincera to Lachana from the subgenus Dasyorgyia. She furthermore described a new species from India, Lachana kulu . [3]

L. ladakensis is the type species. [1]

Species

The following species, all from the Tibetan Plateau, have been placed in Gynaephora . A study of DNA markers of the species of that genus published in 2015 found them allied closer to the outgroup Lachana alpherakii , and likely should be moved to Lachana. [5]

Description

The males of this genus have a thick aedeagus. [2] They have an arcuate and slender juxta, and squarish-shaped and relatively short valva. [3]

The females of this genus, of the only two species in which they have been seen, lack wings and are flightless. [2] [3]

Lachana differs from Gynaephora by the species being smaller, in details of the male genitalia described above, and with slight differences in positioning of the veins M1, M2 and M3 in the forewings, and M3 in the hindwings. The hindwings are extremely similar to those of Dicallomera . [3]

Distribution and habitat

All of the species are native to alpine regions on high mountain ranges in Central Asia. [2] [3]

Ecology

According to Spitzer the larvae are oligophagous, feeding only on Poaceae (grasses), in those of which the host plants are known. [2] However, caterpillars of L. alpherakii were found to feed on the shrub Elaeagnus angustifolia . [3] With all of the species of which the egg-laying behaviour is known, the females lay their eggs within their own old cocoons. The larvae are mimics of Micrarctia caterpillars. [2] L. alpherakii is the host species of the parasitoid eulophid wasp Sympiesis qinghaiensis . [7]

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Lachana alpherakii is a species of moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae first described by Grigory Grum-Grshimailo in 1891. It is found in the high mountains of Tibet and China.

Lachana ladakensis is a species of moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae. It is found in the mountains of Ladakh, in Kashmir in northwestern India.

Lachana selenophora is a species of moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae. It is found in alpine habitats on the high mountains in Central Asia.

Lachana sincera is a species of moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae. A single example was found in 1909 at high elevations in the Wakhan range of the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan and is only known to have seen again since in 1961. This was also in the area, making it provisionally endemic to southern Gorno-Badakhshan.

Lachana kulu is a species of moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae from northern India seen once in 1913.

<i>Dicallomera</i> Genus of moths

Dicallomera is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae.

Dicallomera pumila is a little seen species of moth of the family Erebidae found in mountains in Kazakhstan and in the southern Urals.

Gynaephora rossii, in English known as Ross' tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It is widespread in the tundras and highlands of the Holarctic. It has large, furry caterpillars which seem to eat mostly saxifrages.

References

  1. 1 2 Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (5 November 2004). "Lachana". Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum, London.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Spitzer, Karel (30 June 1984). "Notes on taxonomy and distribution of the genus Gynaephora Hübner, 1819 (Lymantriidae)" (PDF). Nota Lepidopterologica. 7 (2): 180–183. ISSN   0342-7536 . Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Trofimova, Tatyana A. (January 2008). "Systematic notes on Dasorgyia Staudinger, 1881, Dicallomera Butler, 1881, and Lachana Moore, 1888 (Lymantriidae)" (PDF). Nota Lepidopterologica. 31 (2): 273–291. ISSN   0342-7536. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  4. ↑ Černý, Karel; Spitzer, Karel (1981). "Gynaephora (Dasorgyia) selenophora Stgr. in den Hochgebirgen Zentralasiens (UdSSR) wiedergefunden (Lep., Lymantriidae)". Entomologische Berichte (Berlin) (in German). 1881 (1): 41–44.
  5. 1 2 Lukhtanov, Vladimir A.; Khruleva, Olga (2015). "Taxonomic Position and Status of Arctic Gynaephora and Dicallomera Moths (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Lymantriinae)" (PDF). Folia Biologica (Kraków). 63 (4): 257–261. doi:10.3409/fb63_4.257. ISSN   1734-9168. PMID   26975140. S2CID   4837579. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-27. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  6. ↑ Yan, L.; Wang, G.; Liu, C. Z. (1 November 2006). "Number of Instars and Stadium Duration of Gynaephora menyuanensis (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 99 (6): 1012–1018. doi: 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[1012:NOIASD]2.0.CO;2 . Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  7. ↑ Pitkin, B. R. (19 August 2003). "Sympiesis qinghaiensis Liao , 1987". Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum. Retrieved 28 November 2019.


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