Laniarus | |
---|---|
Yellow-crowned gonolek Laniarius barbarus | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Malaconotidae |
Genus: | Laniarius Vieillot, 1816 |
Type species | |
Lanius barbarus Linnaeus, 1766 | |
Species | |
see text |
Laniarius is a genus of brightly coloured, carnivorous passerine birds commonly known as boubous or gonoleks. Not to be confused with the similar-sounding genus Lanius , they were formerly classed with the true shrikes in the family Laniidae, but they and related genera are now considered sufficiently distinctive to be separated from that group as the bush-shrike family Malaconotidae.
This is an African group of species which are found in scrub or open woodland. They are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black. Some species are also quite secretive.
The genus Laniarius was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816 to accommodate a single species, the yellow-crowned gonolek, which is therefore the type species. [1] [2]
The closest relatives of the genus appear to be the genus Chlorophoneus . Previously, members of the genus Laniarius had been classified on the basis of plumage. However, a 2008 molecular study found that the species had developed different colours and patterns in plumage independently and similar-coloured species were often unrelated. The authors hypothesized that the ancestor of the genus may have been dark-coloured. [3]
There are 22 recognised species: [4]
Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
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Lowland sooty boubou | Laniarius leucorhynchus | Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Togo, and Uganda. | |
Mountain sooty boubou | Laniarius poensis | Nigeria, Bioko; Rwanda, Burundi and adjacent areas of Uganda and Democratic Republic of the Congo. | |
Albertine sooty boubou | Laniarius holomelas | Uganda and Democratic Republic of the Congo. | |
Willard’s sooty boubou | Laniarius willardi | Burundi and Uganda | |
Fuelleborn's boubou | Laniarius fuelleborni | Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia | |
Slate-colored boubou | Laniarius funebris | Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. | |
Lühder's bushshrike | Laniarius luehderi | Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. | |
Braun's bushshrike | Laniarius brauni | Angola | |
Gabela bushshrike | Laniarius amboimensis | Angola. | |
Red-naped bushshrike | Laniarius ruficeps | Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia | |
Black boubou | Laniarius nigerrimus | Somalia and northern Kenya. | |
Ethiopian boubou | Laniarius aethiopicus | Eritrea, Ethiopia, northwest Somalia, and northern Kenya. | |
Tropical boubou | Laniarius major | sub-Saharan Africa | |
East Coast boubou | Laniarius sublacteus | southeast Somalia to northeast Tanzania, and Zanzibar island. | |
Southern boubou | Laniarius ferrugineus | southeastern Zimbabwe, eastern Botswana, Mozambique and southern and eastern South Africa | |
Swamp boubou | Laniarius bicolor | Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, DRC, Gabon, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. | |
Turati's boubou | Laniarius turatii | Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, and Sierra Leone | |
Yellow-crowned gonolek | Laniarius barbarus | Senegal and Democratic Republic of Congo east to Ethiopia. | |
Papyrus gonolek | Laniarius mufumbiri | Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda | |
Black-headed gonolek | Laniarius erythrogaster | Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. | |
Crimson-breasted shrike | Laniarius atrococcineus | southern Angola to the Free State province in South Africa. | |
Yellow-breasted boubou | Laniarius atroflavus | western Cameroon and adjacent southeastern Nigeria | |
Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Laniarius:
The wheatears are passerine birds of the genus Oenanthe. They were formerly considered to be members of the thrush family, Turdidae, but are now more commonly placed in the flycatcher family, Muscicapidae. This is an Old World group, but the northern wheatear has established a foothold in eastern Canada and Greenland and in western Canada and Alaska.
The northern shrike is a large songbird species in the shrike family (Laniidae) native to North America and Siberia. Long considered a subspecies of the great grey shrike, it was classified as a distinct species in 2017. Six subspecies are recognised.
The ioras are a small family, Aegithinidae, of four passerine bird species found in south and southeast Asia. The family is composed of a single genus, Aegithina. They were formerly grouped with the leafbirds and fairy-bluebirds, in the family Irenidae.
The bushshrikes are smallish passerine birds. They were formerly classed with the true shrikes in the family Laniidae, but are now considered sufficiently distinctive to be separated from that group as the family Malaconotidae, a name that alludes to their fluffy back and rump feathers.
The drongos are a family, Dicruridae, of passerine birds of the Old World tropics. The 31 species in the family are placed in a single genus, Dicrurus.
The square-tailed drongo, formerly the common square-tailed drongo, is a passerine bird in the family Dicruridae. It is a common resident breeder in parts of southern Africa.
The yellow-crowned gonolek, also known as the common gonolek, is a medium-sized passerine bird in the bushshrike family. It is a common resident breeding bird in equatorial Africa from Senegal and Democratic Republic of Congo east to Ethiopia. It is a skulking bird and frequents dense undergrowth in forests and other wooded habitats. The nest is a cup structure in a bush or tree in which two eggs are laid.
The black boubou, also known as Somali boubou, Erlanger's boubou or coastal boubou, is a medium-size bushshrike. It was split from the tropical boubou as a result of DNA sequence analysis, and this change in status was recognized by the International Ornithological Committee in 2008. Two colour morphs are recognized, a predominantly black one, the black boubou, and an extremely rare black and yellow morph which was formerly considered a separate species, the Bulo Burti boubou. The black boubou is found in Somalia and northern Kenya.
Cracticus is a genus of butcherbirds native to Australasia. They are large songbirds, being between 30 and 40 cm (12–16 in) in length. Their colour ranges from black-and-white to mostly black with added grey plumage, depending on the species. They have a large, straight bill with a distinctive hook at the end which is used to skewer prey. They have high-pitched complex songs, which are used to defend their essentially year-round group territories: unlike birds of extratropical Eurasia and the Americas, both sexes sing prolifically.
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The southern boubou is a bushshrike. Though these passerine birds and their relations were once included with true shrikes in the Laniidae, they are not closely related to that family.
The neddicky, or piping cisticola, is a small passerine bird in the family Cisticolidae, which is native to Africa, southwards of the equator. Its strongholds are the light woodlands and shrublands of the subtropics and temperate regions of southern Africa. The common name, neddicky, is the Afrikaans name for the species.
Lanio is the genus of shrike-tanagers in the family Thraupidae.
The crimson-breasted shrike or the crimson-breasted gonolek,, or the crimson-breasted boubou, is a southern African bird. It has black upper parts with a white flash on the wing, and bright scarlet underparts. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as a "least-concern species".
Coracina is a large genus of birds in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae.
The slate-colored boubou or slate-coloured boubou is a species of bird in the family Malaconotidae. It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.
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