Lanzarote (Senate constituency)

For the Parliament of the Canary Islands constituency, see Lanzarote (Parliament of the Canary Islands constituency).

Lanzarote
Senate of Spain Electoral constituency
Location of Lanzarote within Spain
Island	Lanzarote
Autonomous community	Canary Islands
Population	163,467 (2024) [1]
Electorate	104,495 (2023)
Major settlements	Arrecife
Current constituency
Created	1977
Seats	1
Member(s)	PSOE (1)

Lanzarote is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects one senator. Its boundaries correspond to those of the island of Lanzarote. The electoral system uses an open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate of Spain, ^[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. ^[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales. ^[4]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights. ^[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. ^{[6] [7]} Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish : Voto rogado), ^{[8] [9]} which was abolished in 2022. ^[10] 208 seats are elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors can vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts are the islands themselves, with the larger—Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro (which comprised a single constituency only for the 1977 election), Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each. ^{[2] [3] [11] [12]} Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature. ^[13]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies. ^{[14] [15]}

Senators

Senators for Lanzarote 1977–
Key to parties    Podemos    PSOE    PIL    CCa    AIC    UCD    PP
Legislature	Election	Distribution
Constituent	1977	1
1st	1979	1
2nd	1982	1
3rd	1986	1
4th	1989	1
5th	1993	1
6th	1996	1
7th	2000	1
8th	2004	1
9th	2008	1
10th	2011	1
11th	2015	1
12th	2016	1
13th	2019 (Apr)	1
14th	2019 (Nov)	1
15th	2023	1
15th	2023	1

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea		PSOE	21,303	38.34
• Jeziel Martín Arrocha		PP	13,639	24.55
• Emilio José Machín Borges		CC	7,367	13.26
• María Esther Tamargo Acebal		Vox	5,576	10.03
• María Antonia Perera Betancor		Sumar	5,404	9.72
• Carmen Belén Machín Guillén		NC	1,324	2.38
• Josep Rafael Sellés I Jover		Recortes Cero	117	0.21
Blank ballots			820	1.47
Total			55550
Valid votes			55,550	96.79
Invalid votes			1,837	3.20
Votes cast / turnout			57,387	57.49
Abstentions			42,430	42.50
Registered voters			99817
Sources [16]

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea		PSOE	15,400	31.07
• Remigio Joel Delgado Cáceres		PP	9,821	19.81
• Samuel Carmelo Martín Morera		CCa–PNC–NC	7,747	15.63
• Jorge Miguel Peñas Lozano		Podemos–IU	6,518	13.15
• Javier Román Vas		Vox	4,898	9.88
• Noemí del Pino Ramírez Rodríguez		Cs	2,333	4.71
• Ester Gómez Brodsky		Más País–Equo	881	1.78
• Bárbara Fernández Granda		PACMA	800	1.61
• Nuria Esther Cedrés Perdomo		ANC–UP	172	0.35
• María del Rosario Martel Marrero		Recortes Cero–GV	113	0.23
• Francisca Sánchez Macías		PCPC	83	0.17
Blank ballots			802	1.62
Total			49,569
Valid votes			49,569	97.18
Invalid votes			1,436	2.82
Votes cast / turnout			51,005	51.33
Abstentions			48,363	48.67
Registered voters			99,368
Sources [17]

April 2019 general election

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea		PSOE	15,910	28.19
• Luis Celestino Arráez Guadalupe		CCa–PNC	9,838	17.43
• Remigio Joel Delgado Cáceres		PP	9,463	16.77
• Jorge Miguel Peñas Lozano		Podemos–IU–Equo	8,252	14.62
• Noemí del Pino Ramírez Rodríguez		Cs	4,641	8.22
• Fernando Bermejo Reales		Vox	3,139	5.56
• Yone Xarach Caraballo Medina		NCa	2,205	3.91
• Bárbara Fernández Granda		PACMA	1,167	2.07
• Laureano Álvarez Delgado		UPLanzarote	456	0.81
• Nuria Esther Cedrés Perdomo		ANC–UP	181	0.32
• Concepción Jiménez Rodríguez		Recortes Cero–GV	153	0.27
• Francisca Carmen Sánchez Mácias		PCPC	67	0.12
Blank ballots			954	1.69
Total			56,429
Valid votes			56,429	96.62
Invalid votes			1,976	3.38
Votes cast / turnout			58,405	59.19
Abstentions			40,263	40.81
Registered voters			98,668
Sources [18]

2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Remigio Joel Delgado Cáceres		PP	13,146	26.75
• Ariagona González Pérez		PSOE–NCa	11,846	24.10
• Juan Antonio Valencia Naranjo		Podemos–IU–Equo	10,095	20.54
• Marciano Acuña Betancor		CCa–PNC	7,805	15.88
• María Moreira León		C's	4,106	8.35
• Ana Isabel Díaz Cruces		PACMA	939	1.91
• Neido Manuel González Álvarez		Recortes Cero–GV	162	0.33
• Antonia María de los Ángeles León Armas		Vox	101	0.21
• Jorge García-Aráez Martín-Montalvo		PCPC	85	0.17
Blank ballots			860	1.75
Total			49,145
Valid votes			49,145	96.53
Invalid votes			1,767	3.47
Votes cast / turnout			50,912	54.38
Abstentions			42,710	45.62
Registered voters			93,622
Sources [19] [20]

2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y José Ramón Galindo González		Podemos	10,973	22.32
• Ariagona González Pérez		PSOE–NCa	10,644	21.65
• Oscar Manuel Luzardo Fuentes		PP	9,888	20.11
• Marciano Acuña Betancor		CCa–PNC	9,253	18.82
• María del Carmen Pellón Rodríguez		C's	4,489	9.13
• José Díaz Díaz		IUC–UPeC	1,274	2.59
• Ana Isabel Díaz Cruces		PACMA	964	1.96
• Ismael Jesús Sánchez Melián		UPyD	157	0.32
• Neido Manuel González Álvarez		Recortes Cero–GV	134	0.27
• Jorge García-Aráez Martín-Montalvo		PCPC	65	0.13
Blank ballots			1,331	2.71
Total			49,172
Valid votes			49,172	95.69
Invalid votes			2,215	4.31
Votes cast / turnout			51,387	55.53
Abstentions			41,159	44.47
Registered voters			92,546
Sources [19] [21]

2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Oscar Manuel Luzardo Fuentes		PP	15,470	37.15
• Orlando Enrique Suárez Curbelo		PSOE	10,975	26.36
• Pedro Manuel Sanginés Gutiérrez		CC–NC–PNC	10,364	24.89
• José Manuel Vázquez Rodríguez		IUC–CxI–PSyEP	1,351	3.24
• Ignacio Sáenz de Santa María Elizalde		UPyD	786	1.89
• Gabriel Ángel Suárez Cabrera		eQuo	605	1.45
• Martín Moreno Brito		PUM+J	211	0.51
Blank ballots			1,880	4.51
Total			41,642
Valid votes			41,642	94.65
Invalid votes			2,352	5.35
Votes cast / turnout			43,994	52.38
Abstentions			39,993	47.62
Registered voters			83,987
Sources [19] [22]

2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Marcos Francisco Hernández Guillén		PSOE	17,118	37.24
• Jesús Casimiro Machín Duque		CC–PNC–PIL	13,357	29.06
• Astrid María Pérez Batista		PP	10,904	23.72
• Ginés de Quintana Cabrera		AC25M	773	1.68
• María Isabel Martinón López		NC–CCN	683	1.49
• Francisco Martínez Ferreira		IUC	613	1.33
• Pedro Melquiades Hernández Camacho		ISAL	449	0.98
• Diego Luis Casas García		PACMA	315	0.69
• María del Carmen Gloria Calero Fernández		PUM+J	195	0.42
• María del Pilar Peláez Arasa		LV	157	0.34
• Ignacio Sáenz de Santa María Elizalde		UPyD	154	0.34
• Nelson Roque Vega Gutiérrez		UP	126	0.27
• José Luis Morales Castillo		LV–GV	113	0.25
• Antonio de Jesús Quevedo Navarro		ANC	52	0.11
• Agustín Julio Prieto Aguilar		PH	42	0.09
• María Adoración Carpintero Cidad		POSI	29	0.06
• Ezequiel Rial-Abraldes Lobatón		FE–JONS	21	0.05
• Jesús Joaquín Betancor Valdez		MUPC	18	0.04
• Carlos Javier Lorenzo Santana		PCPC	18	0.04
• Eduardo José Hernández López		CTC	16	0.03
• Iñaki Fernández Calvo		PFyV	13	0.03
• Laura María Santana González		PSD	6	0.01
Blank ballots			795	1.73
Total			45,967
Valid votes			45,967	96.47
Invalid votes			1,680	3.53
Votes cast / turnout			47,647	59.25
Abstentions			32,774	40.75
Registered voters			80,421
Sources [19] [23]

2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Marcos Francisco Hernández Guillén		PSOE	13,625	32.23
• Juan Pedro Hernández Rodríguez		PIL	11,457	27.10
• Federico Toledo Guadalupe		PP	9,850	23.30
• Emilia María Morales Martín		AC25M	5,360	12.68
• María de los Ángeles Ferrera Fernández		LV–GV	454	1.07
• Delia María Hernández Camacho		CAyC	233	0.55
• Juan Manuel de León Robayna		CDS	105	0.25
• Antonio Esteban Afonso Martel		DN	23	0.05
• Luis Miguel Ruiz de Asúa Moro		CTC	19	0.04
Blank ballots			1,148	2.72
Total			42,274
Valid votes			42,274	96.83
Invalid votes			1,386	3.17
Votes cast / turnout			43,660	58.05
Abstentions			31,554	41.95
Registered voters			75,214
Sources [19] [24]

2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Dimas Martín Martín		PIL	13,528	37.36
• Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea		PSOE–p	8,308	22.94
• Cándido Armas Rodríguez		CC	6,525	18.02
• Alejandro José Díaz Hernández		PP	6,094	16.83
• José Antonio González Hernández		IUC	842	2.33
• Fernando Cabrera Tarrago		PH	93	0.26
• Andrés Manuel Perera Candelaria		FE	25	0.07
Blank ballots			799	2.21
Total			36,214
Valid votes			36,214	97.13
Invalid votes			1,071	2.87
Votes cast / turnout			37,285	52.18
Abstentions			34,168	47.82
Registered voters			71,453
Sources [19] [25]

1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Cándido Armas Rodríguez		PIL	13,161	37.57
• Nicolás de Páiz Pereyra		PP	10,615	30.30
• Víctor Manuel Betancor de León		PSOE	8,690	24.81
• José Antonio González Hernández		IUC	1,827	5.22
Blank ballots			738	2.11
Total			35,031
Valid votes			35,031	97.39
Invalid votes			938	2.61
Votes cast / turnout			35,969	62.19
Abstentions			21,866	37.81
Registered voters			57,835
Sources [19] [26]

1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Cándido Armas Rodríguez		CC (PIL–AIC)	13,487	43.53
• José María Espino González		PSOE	10,384	33.52
• Jerónimo Ramón Quevedo Guerra		PP	4,348	14.03
• Cándido Reguera Díaz		CDS	1,831	5.91
• Manuel López-Brea Ruiz		ARM–ADE	84	0.27
Blank ballots			846	2.73
Total			30,980
Valid votes			30,980	97.18
Invalid votes			900	2.82
Votes cast / turnout			31,880	62.43
Abstentions			19,187	37.57
Registered voters			51,067
Sources [19] [27]

1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Dimas Martín Martín		AIC–IL	17,768	65.62
• Juan Ramírez Montero		PSOE	6,987	25.81
• José Domingo Hernández Álvarez		IU–ICU	737	2.72
• Eduardo Barreto Betancor		ACN	682	2.52
• Domingo Negrín Armas		PP	611	2.26
• Álvaro Luis Martín		PST	32	0.12
• Roberto Alfonso Santana Almeida		FE–JONS	32	0.12
• Cecilia Yolanda Pérez Martín		PTE–UC	24	0.09
Blank ballots			203	0.75
Total			27,076
Valid votes			27,076	96.33
Invalid votes			1,033	3.67
Votes cast / turnout			28,109	56.48
Abstentions			21,663	43.52
Registered voters			49,772
Sources [19] [28]

1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Juan Ramírez Montero		PSOE	10,969	47.82
• Rafael Stinga González		AEL	9,471	41.29
• José Hernández Álvarez		ICU	1,123	4.90
• Eduardo Barreto Betancor		AC–INC	618	2.69
• Fernando Cabrera Díaz		PRD	282	1.23
• Montserrat Casale Salas		UCE	87	0.38
Blank ballots			387	1.69
Total			22,937
Valid votes			22,937	95.29
Invalid votes			1,134	4.71
Votes cast / turnout			24,071	60.80
Abstentions			15,521	39.20
Registered voters			39,592
Sources [19] [29]

1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y José Ramírez Cerdá		PSOE	8,582	37.41
• Antonio Cabrera Barrera		UCD	6,359	27.72
• José Diaz Rijo		CDS	3,724	16.23
• José Ferrer Perdomo		AP–PDP	1,864	8.13
• José Domingo Hernández Álvarez		AC–CC	1,166	5.08
• Jesús María Curbelo Fernández		UPC	686	2.99
• Carlos Alberto Henríquez Gaztañondo		PNC	224	0.98
Blank ballots			334	1.46
Total			22,938
Valid votes			22,938	95.89
Invalid votes			983	4.11
Votes cast / turnout			23,921	79.63
Abstentions			6,119	20.37
Registered voters			30,040
Sources [19] [30] [31]

1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Rafael Stinga González		UCD	9,012	47.08
• Manuel Medina Ortega		PSOE	6,676	34.87
• Fernando Domingo Curbelo Fernández		INDEP	1,698	8.87
• Antonio Félix Martín Hormiga		UPC	917	4.79
• Manuel González Barrera		PCE	553	2.89
• Eufronio Dimas García Monforte		CD	140	0.73
Blank ballots			147	0.77
Total			19,143
Valid votes			19,143	96.63
Invalid votes			668	3.37
Votes cast / turnout			19,811	65.94
Abstentions			10,234	34.06
Registered voters			30,045
Sources [19] [32]

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Rafael Stinga González		UCD	11,884	63.08
• Manuel Medina Ortega		PSP–US	3,527	18.72
• José María Espino González		PSOE	2,570	13.64
• Lorenzo González Domínguez		AP	715	3.80
Blank ballots			143	0.76
Total			18,839
Valid votes			18,839	98.29
Invalid votes			328	1.71
Votes cast / turnout			19,167	75.56
Abstentions			6,198	24.44
Registered voters			25,365
Sources [19] [33]

References

1. "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
2. Law 1/1977 (1977) , trans. prov. 1.
3. Const. Esp. (1978) , tit. III, ch. I, art. 69.
4. Const. Esp. (1978) , tit. VIII, ch. II, art. 141.
5. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. I, art. 2.
6. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. I, art. 2.
7. Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
8. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.
9. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
10. Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
11. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. II, ch. II, art. 19 & 21.
12. LOREG (1985) , tit. II, ch. III, art. 162 & 165–166.
13. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. III, art. 29.
14. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34.
15. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169.
16. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. 2023". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 August 2023.
17. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. November 2019. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 July 2020.
18. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. April 2019. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
19. "Electoral Information System in the Canary Islands". www.gobiernodecanarias.org (in Spanish). Canarian Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
20. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 2016. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
21. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. December 2015. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
22. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. November 2011. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
23. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 2008. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
24. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 2004. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
25. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 2000. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
26. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 1996. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
27. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 1993. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
28. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. October 1989. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
29. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 1986. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
30. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. October 1982. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
31. "Proclaimed candidacies for the Congress of Deputies and Senate elections called by Royal-decree 2057/1982, of 27 August" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Central Electoral Commission. 2 October 1982. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
32. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 1979. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
33. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 1977. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.

Bibliography

• Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1/1977). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 4. 4 January 1977. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1977-165. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
• Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20/1977). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 70. 18 March 1977. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1977-7445. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
• Constitución Española (Spanish Constitution). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 311. 29 December 1978 [latest version]. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1978-31229. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
• Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5/1985). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 147. 19 June 1985 [latest version]. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
• Carreras de Odriozola, Albert; Tafunell Sambola, Xavier (2005) [1989]. Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (II ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. pp. 1072–1097. ISBN   84-96515-00-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.

29°02′N13°37′W / 29.033°N 13.617°W / 29.033; -13.617