Ledol

Last updated
Ledol
Ledol.svg
Names
IUPAC name
6β,11-Cyclo-1β,4α,5β-guaian-10α-ol
Systematic IUPAC name
(1aR,4R,4aS,7R,7aS,7bS)-1,1,4,7-Tetramethyldecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulen-4-ol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C15H26O/c1-9-5-6-10-12(9)13-11(14(13,2)3)7-8-15(10,4)16/h9-13,16H,5-8H2,1-4H3/t9-,10+,11-,12-,13-,15-/m1/s1
    Key: AYXPYQRXGNDJFU-AOWZIMASSA-N
  • InChI=1/C15H26O/c1-9-5-6-10-12(9)13-11(14(13,2)3)7-8-15(10,4)16/h9-13,16H,5-8H2,1-4H3/t9-,10+,11-,12-,13-,15-/m1/s1
    Key: AYXPYQRXGNDJFU-AOWZIMASBF
  • C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]1[C@H]3[C@H](C3(C)C)CC[C@@]2(C)O
Properties
C15H26O
Molar mass 222.372 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Ledol is a poisonous sesquiterpene that can cause cramps, paralysis, and delirium.[ citation needed ] Caucasian peasants used Rhododendron plants for these effects in shamanistic rituals. [1]

Sources

Ledol is found in labrador tea, [2] an herbal tea (not a true tea) made from three closely related species:

Ledol is also found in the essential oil of priprioca at a concentration of around 4%. [3]

Ledol is also found to varying concentrations in the following plants: [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Lavandula</i> Genus of plants

Lavandula is a genus of 47 known species of perennial flowering plants in the mints family, Lamiaceae. It is native to the Old World, primarily found across the drier, warmer regions of mainland Eurasia, with an affinity for maritime breezes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lemon balm</span> Species of plant

Lemon balm is a perennial herbaceous plant in the mint family and native to south-central Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, Iran, and Central Asia, but now naturalised elsewhere.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peppermint</span> Hybrid flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae

Peppermint is a hybrid species of mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosemary</span> Species of plant

Salvia rosmarinus, commonly known as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. Until 2017, it was known by the scientific name Rosmarinus officinalis, now a synonym.

<i>Rhododendron</i> Genus of flowering plants in the heath family Ericaceae

Rhododendron is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

<i>Salvia officinalis</i> Species of plant

Salvia officinalis, the common sage or sage, is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae and native to the Mediterranean region, though it has been naturalized in many places throughout the world. It has a long history of medicinal and culinary use, and in modern times it has been used as an ornamental garden plant. The common name "sage" is also used for closely related species and cultivars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Labrador tea</span> Tea made from three related plant species

Labrador tea is a common name for three closely related plant species in the genus Rhododendron as well as a herbal tea made from their leaves.

<i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Ocimum tenuiflorum, commonly known as holy basil or tulsi, is an aromatic perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Australia, Malesia, Asia, and the western Pacific. It is widely cultivated throughout the Southeast Asian tropics. This plant has escaped from cultivation and has naturalized in many tropical regions of the Americas. It is an agricultural and environmental weed.

<i>Rhododendron <span style="font-style:normal;">subsect.</span> Ledum</i> Subsection of genus Rhododendron

Ledum was a genus in the family Ericaceae, including eight species of evergreen shrub native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and commonly known as Labrador tea. It is now recognised as a subsection of section Rhododendron, subgenus Rhododendron, of the genus Rhododendron.

<i>Rhododendron groenlandicum</i> Species of flowering plant

Rhododendron groenlandicum is a flowering shrub with white flowers and evergreen leaves that is used to make a herbal tea.

<i>Rhododendron tomentosum</i> Species of plant

Rhododendron tomentosum, commonly known as marsh Labrador tea, northern Labrador tea or wild rosemary, is a flowering plant in the subsection Ledum of the large genus Rhododendron in the family Ericaceae.

<i>Pelargonium graveolens</i> Species of plant

Pelargonium graveolens is a Pelargonium species native to the Cape Provinces and the Northern Provinces of South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

The Lime Hollow Center for Environment and Culture is a nature preserve project in Cortland County, New York. It was founded in 1993 as the Lime Hollow Nature Center, the culmination of efforts 20 years earlier to develop a nature preserve to protect an unusual assemblage of marl ponds, a peat bog, and kame-and-kettle topography along an abandoned railroad right of way in Lime Hollow, just west of the city of Cortland.

<i>Geocaulon</i> Species of flowering plant in the mistletoe family Santalaceae

Geocaulon is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Santalaceae containing the single species Geocaulon lividum, which is known by the common names northern comandra and false toadflax. It is native to northern North America, where it is common and widespread from Alaska to Newfoundland and into the northernmost contiguous United States.

<i>Cyperus articulatus</i> Species of plant in Cyperaceae family

Cyperus articulatus is an aromatic species of sedge known by the common names jointed flatsedge and priprioca. It has also been known as Guinea rush or adrue. It grows as a perennial herb. It grows in water or near it in rivers, streams, lakes, and swamps with a hyperhydrate or possibly tenagophyte growth pattern. It is widespread across tropical and subtropical regions in Africa, southern Asia, northern Australia, the southeastern United States, the West Indies, and Latin America. While it is closely related to highly invasive sedges such as purple nut sedge, priprioca is less prolific and competitive than its relative.

<i>Rhododendron columbianum</i> Species of shrub

Rhododendron columbianum, commonly known as western Labrador tea, swamp tea, or muskeg tea, is a shrub that is widespread in the western United States and in western Canada, reported from British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and Colorado. It grows in wet places from sea level up to 3,500 m (11,000 ft). It was formerly known as Ledum columbianum. Its origins date back to the late Pliocene.

Kathleen Anne Kron is a retired biology professor from Wake Forest University. She is known for her research on Ericaceae, a family of flowering plants.

Leohumicola verrucosa is a heat-resistant, endophytic, ericoid mycorrhizal soil fungus. Its species name refers to rough, warty or spine-like ornamentations on its aleurioconidia. L. verrucosa was first described from samples of soil exposed to fire; among these it was especially abundant in regularly burned blueberry fields in eastern Canada. L. verrucosa forms mycorrhizal relationships with a wide variety and distribution of species in the Ericaceae family.

References

  1. Andrews, Steve; Rindsberg, Katrina (April 2001). Herbs of the Northern Shaman: A Guide to Mind-Altering Plants of the Northern Hemisphere. Loompanics Unlimited. ISBN   1-55950-211-8. OCLC   780276732.
  2. Dampc, Anna; Luczkiewicz, Maria (2015). "Labrador tea – the aromatic beverage and spice: A review of origin, processing and safety". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 95 (8): 1577–1583. Bibcode:2015JSFA...95.1577D. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6889. PMID   25156477.
  3. Azambuja, Wagner. "Priprioca Essential Oil - Óleos Essenciais O Guia do Brasil". Óleos Essenciais. Brazil. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  4. Duke, James A. (1992). "Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants". Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 1992-2016. Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. doi:10.15482/USDA.ADC/1239279. Archived from the original on 2021-09-30. Retrieved 2017-09-13.