Eucalyptus paniculata

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Grey ironbark
Ironbark Chatswood.JPG
Habit in Chatswood
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. paniculata
Binomial name
Eucalyptus paniculata
Synonyms [1]
List
  • Eucalyptus dorsiventralis Brooker, Connors & Slee MS
  • Eucalyptus fergusoni R.T.Baker orth. var.
  • Eucalyptus fergusoniiR.T.Baker
  • Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill
  • Eucalyptus fergusoniiR.T.Baker subsp. fergusonii
  • Eucalyptus nangleiR.T.Baker
  • Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. matutinaL.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill
  • Eucalyptus paniculataSm. subsp. paniculata
  • Eucalyptus paniculataSm. var. paniculata
Flowers and buds Eucalyptus paniculata buds.jpg
Flowers and buds
Fruit Starr 020203-0041 Eucalyptus paniculata.jpg
Fruit

Eucalyptus paniculata, commonly known as grey ironbark, [2] is a species of tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has dark-coloured, deeply furrowed ironbark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven on a branched peduncle, white flowers and conical, hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit.

Contents

Description

Eucalyptus paniculata is a tree that typically grows to a height of 30–50 m (98–164 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has grey to black or brownish, deeply furrowed ironbark on the trunk and branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves that are a lighter shade of green on the lower side, 35–70 mm (1.4–2.8 in) long and 15–30 mm (0.59–1.18 in) wide. Adult leaves are glossy green, a lighter shade on the lower side, lance-shaped to curved, 50–180 mm (2.0–7.1 in) long and 12–30 mm (0.47–1.18 in) wide, tapering to a petiole 9–25 mm (0.35–0.98 in) long. The flower buds are mostly arranged in groups of seven on a branched peduncle 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 3–9 mm (0.12–0.35 in) long. Mature buds are oval to diamond-shaped, 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide with a conical operculum, the floral cup more or less square in cross-section. Flowering occurs in most months and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, conical, hemispherical or cup-shaped capsule 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long and wide with the valves close to rim level. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus paniculata was first formally described in 1797 by James Edward Smith in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London from material collected by David Burton at Port Jackson. Smith obtained the specimens from the herbarium of Joseph Banks. [6] [7] The specific epithet (paniculata) is from the Latin word paniculatus meaning paniculate, referring to the arrangement of the flowers. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Grey ironbark grows in high rainfall coastal areas from Bermagui to Bulahdelah. Previously a common tree in the inner western suburbs of Sydney. A remnant ironbark still grows in the inner city suburb of Glebe at St. Johns church. [8]

Uses

A very dense timber, being 1120 kilograms per cubic metre. Heart wood is red-brown or dark brown. The timber has various uses, including railway sleepers, heavy engineering, construction, poles and cross-arms. [9] Timber is difficult to plane and nail. It is slow in drying, requiring careful handling to avoid surface checking. [10] Annual wood production potential is 9 to 18 cubic metres per hectare. [11] The timber is not susceptible to the lyctus borer.

Related Research Articles

<i>Eucalyptus punctata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus punctata, commonly known as grey gum, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth grey bark that is shed in patches, lance-shaped, curved or egg-shaped adult leaves flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit. Its leaves are one of the favoured foods of the koala.

<i>Eucalyptus sideroxylon</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus sideroxylon, commonly known as mugga ironbark, or red ironbark is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has dark, deeply furrowed ironbark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white, red, pink or creamy yellow flowers and cup-shaped to shortened spherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus crebra</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus crebra, commonly known as the narrow-leaved ironbark, narrow-leaved red ironbark or simply ironbark, and as muggago in the indigenous Dharawal language, is a species of small to medium-sized tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has hard, rough "ironbark" from its trunk to small branches, linear to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, nine or eleven, white flowers and cup-shaped, barrel-shaped or hemispherical fruit. A variable species, it grows in woodland and forest from the Cape York Peninsula to near Sydney. It is an important source of nectar in the honey industry and its hard, strong timber is used in construction.

<i>Eucalyptus fibrosa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus fibrosa, commonly known as the red ironbark, broad-leaved red ironbark or broad-leaved red ironbark, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has grey to black ironbark, lance-shaped to egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus melanophloia</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus melanophloia, commonly known as silver-leaved ironbark, is a species of tree that is endemic to northeastern Australia. It is a small to medium-sized tree with rough, hard ironbark on the trunk and branches. The crown is usually composed of juvenile leaves that are dull, glaucous, sessile and arranged in opposite pairs. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven, the flowers white and the fruit cup-shaped to hemispherical.

<i>Eucalyptus saligna</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus saligna, commonly known as the Sydney blue gum or blue gum, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, flaky bark near the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, nine or eleven, white flowers and cylindrical to conical or cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus sieberi</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus sieberi, commonly known as the silvertop ash or black ash, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has rough bark on the trunk and the base of larger branches, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven to fifteen, white flowers and barrel-shaped or conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus siderophloia</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus siderophloia, commonly known as the northern grey ironbark, is a medium-sized to tall ironbark tree that is endemic to south eastern Australia. It has hard, dark, furrowed bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped or conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus placita</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus placita, commonly known as grey ironbark or simply, ironbark, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has rough, furrowed grey but soft ironbark on the trunk and branches, glossy green, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus caleyi</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus caleyi, commonly known as Caley's ironbark or Ovenden's ironbark is a species of small to medium-sized tree, endemic to eastern Australia. It has brown or black "ironbark" on the trunk and main branches, dull bluish grey lance-shaped to egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and barrel-shaped or conical fruit. It grows on the Central and Northern Tablelands of New South Wales and in south-eastern Queensland.

<i>Eucalyptus dura</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus dura is a species of small to medium sized tree that is endemic to south-eastern Queensland. It has rough, dark grey to black "ironbark", lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus ancophila</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus ancophila is a tree endemic to a small area of New South Wales in eastern Australia. It has grey "ironbark", glossy green, lance-shaped leaves, flower buds arranged in a branching inflorescence with seven oval to diamond-shaped buds in each umbel, white flowers and conical or barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus beyeriana</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus beyeriana, commonly known as Beyer's ironbark, is a small tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has dark grey to black "ironbark", lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped to conical or shortened spherical fruit. Its name is disputed with some authors considering it to be a synonym of Eucalyptus beyeri.

<i>Eucalyptus fusiformis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus fusiformis, commonly known as the grey ironbark or Nambucca ironbark is a tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has thick, blackish, "ironbark" on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical to pear-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus tetrapleura</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus tetrapleura, commonly known as the square-fruited ironbark, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to northern New South Wales. It has thick, dark ironbark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical fruit that is square in cross-section.

<i>Eucalyptus decorticans</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus decorticans, commonly known as the gum-top ironbark, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has rough, dark grey or black "ironbark" on the trunk and larger branches, smooth white bark on the thinner branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical, cup-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.

Eucalyptus paedoglauca, commonly known as the Mount Stuart ironbark, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to a small area in Queensland. It has rough, dark ironbark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped fruit. It is only known from a few hills near Townsville.

<i>Eucalyptus rhombica</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus rhombica is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to a small area of south-east Queensland. It has rough, ironbark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped or conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus virens</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus virens, commonly known as the shiny-leaved ironbark, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has hard ironbark on the trunk and branches, narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

Eucalyptus scopulorum is a species of small tree that is endemic to a small area of northern New South Wales. It has rough ironbark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and barrel-shaped or conical fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 "Eucalyptus paniculata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  2. 1 2 Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus paniculata". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  3. 1 2 "Eucalyptus paniculata". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  4. ↑ Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus paniculata". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  5. ↑ Brooker, M. Ian H.; Kleinig, David A. (1994). Field Guide to Eucalypts. Melbourne: Inkata Press. p. 265. ISBN   0909605629.
  6. ↑ "Eucalyptus paniculata". APNI. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  7. ↑ Smith, James Edward (1797). "Botanical Characters of Some Plants of the Natural Order of Myrti". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 3: 287–288. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  8. ↑ Les Robinson - Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, ISBN   978-0-7318-1211-0 page 48
  9. ↑ Forest Trees of Australia, D.J. Boland et al. 1992 ISBN   0-909605-57-2 page 538
  10. ↑ "Timber Architecture | E-News Articles | World Best in Timber Design".
  11. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2009-08-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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