Cyperus articulatus

Last updated

Cyperus articulatus
Cyperus articulatus.jpg
Cyperus articulatus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Cyperus
Species:
C. articulatus
Binomial name
Cyperus articulatus
L. 1753
Synonyms [2]
List

Cyperus articulatus is an aromatic species of sedge known by the common names jointed flatsedge and priprioca. It has also been known as Guinea rush or adrue. [3] It grows as a perennial [4] herb. [5] It grows in water or near it in rivers, streams, lakes, and swamps with a hyperhydrate (emergent aquatic) or possibly tenagophyte (submerged juvenile and terrestrial adult) growth pattern. [4] It is widespread across tropical and subtropical regions in Africa, southern Asia, [4] northern Australia, the southeastern United States, the West Indies, and Latin America. [6] [5] While it is closely related to highly invasive sedges such as purple nut sedge (Cyperus rotundus), priprioca is less prolific and competitive than its relative.

Contents

Description

It is similar in appearance to C. corymbosus but with terete culms with 5–20 mm long intersepta and is transversely septate. Its leaf blades are completely absent and it has scale-like involucral bracts measuring less than 15 mm long. The anthers are 1.0-1.5 mm long and the floral glumes are 2.25 to 3.5 mm in length. [4]

Genomic information
Number of chromosomes 56 [7] [8]

Uses

Priprioca is related to other nut sedges (such as tigernut), and its roots release a light, woody, and spicy fragrance with floral notes. It is one of the traditional spices of the Amazon region, used medicinally in local tradition, and its reddish essential oil is used commercially both by the cosmetic industry, and increasingly as a flavoring for food. [9] [10]

Like its relative papyrus, priprioca fibers and rhizomes are also used in crafts, [5] since in addition to the exuberant perfume, the products are resistant to mold, indicating that the essential oil may have antifungal properties. Among its main components are mustakone, α-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, trans-pinocarveol, myrtenal, myrtenol, ledol, cyperotundone, and α-cyperone, though no single element dominates. According to local Amazonian medical tradition, priprioca may be harmful to pregnant women, adverse effects possibly including miscarriage. [11]

In folklore

According to Brazilian folklore, [12] the name priprioca came from Piri-Piri, a warrior who lived in an indigenous village in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. It is said that he gave off a wonderful smell, able to attract any indigenous tribe. He also had the power to disappear when in danger, or to escape the hordes of girls at his feet. Once, the daughter of a shaman named Supi was in love with Piri-Piri. She asked her father to teach her a spell to capture Piri-Piri. The shaman then told her to tie Piri-Piri's feet with her hair on a full moon night. Sensing danger, Piri-Piri disappeared in a cloud, never to return. In the place where the warrior was last seen, a plant sprouted which also gave off his magnificent aroma; in his honor, this plant was named piripirioca, later shortened to priprioca.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poales</span> Order of monocotyledonous flowering plants

The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Resin</span> Solid or highly viscous substance

In polymer chemistry and materials science, a resin is a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers. Resins are usually mixtures of organic compounds. This article focuses mainly on naturally occurring resins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raceme</span> Unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing pedicellate flowers along its axis

A raceme or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the shoot grows in height, with no predetermined growth limit. Examples of racemes occur on mustard and radish plants.

<i>Cananga odorata</i> Species of tree

Cananga odorata, known as ylang-ylang or cananga tree, is a tropical tree that is native to and originated in the Philippines and spread to Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Queensland, Australia. It is also native to parts of Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. It is valued for the essential oils extracted from its flowers, which has a strong floral fragrance. Ylang-ylang is one of the most extensively used natural materials in the perfume industry, earning it the name "Queen of Perfumes".

<i>Cyperus</i> Genus of plants

Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

<i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Species of grass-like plant

Cyperus esculentus is a species of plant in the sedge family widespread across much of the world. It is found in most of the Eastern Hemisphere, including Southern Europe, Africa and Madagascar, as well as the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. C. esculentus is cultivated for its edible tubers, called earth almonds or tiger nuts, as a snack food and for the preparation of horchata de chufa, a sweet, milk-like beverage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bdellium</span> Semi-transparent tree resin

Bdellium is a semi-transparent oleo-gum resin extracted from Commiphora wightii plants of India, and from Commiphora africana trees growing in sub-saharan Africa. According to Pliny the best quality came from Bactria. Other named sources for the resin are India, Arabia, Media, and Babylon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galbanum</span>

Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin and a product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species in the genus Ferula, chiefly Ferula gummosa and Ferula rubricaulis. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentifully on the slopes of the mountain ranges of northern Iran. It occurs usually in hard or soft, irregular, more or less translucent and shining lumps, or occasionally in separate tears, of a light-brown, yellowish or greenish-yellow colour. Galbanum has a disagreeable, bitter taste, a peculiar, a somewhat musky odour, and an intense green scent. With a specific gravity of 1.212, it contains about 8% terpenes; about 65% of a resin which contains sulfur; about 20% gum; and a very small quantity of the colorless crystalline substance umbelliferone. It also contains α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, cadinene, 3-carene, and ocimene.

<i>Cyperus rotundus</i> Species of plant

Cyperus rotundus is a species of sedge (Cyperaceae) native to Africa, southern and central Europe, and southern Asia. The word cyperus derives from the Greek κύπερος, kyperos, and rotundus is from Latin, meaning "round". The earliest attested form of the word cyperus is the Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀞𐀫, ku-pa-ro, written in Linear B syllabic script.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis flower essential oil</span> Essential oil obtained from the hemp plant

Cannabis flower essential oil, also known as hemp essential oil, is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation from the flowers, panicles, stem, and upper leaves of the hemp plant. Hemp essential oil is distinct from hemp seed oil and hash oil: the former is a vegetable oil that is cold-pressed from the seeds of low-THC varieties of hemp, the latter is a THC-rich extract of dried female hemp flowers (marijuana) or resin (hashish).

<i>Carex chordorrhiza</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex chordorrhiza, commonly called creeping sedge or string sedge, is a species of perennial plant in the family Cyperaceae with Holarctic distribution growing in acidic bogs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ledol</span> Chemical compound

Ledol is a poisonous sesquiterpene that can cause cramps, paralysis, and delirium. Caucasian peasants used Rhododendron plants for these effects in shamanistic rituals.

Cyperus alopecuroides, commonly known as the foxtail flatsedge, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

<i>Cyperus compressus</i> Species of plant in Cyperaceae family endemic to Asia, Africa and the Americas

Cyperus compressus, commonly known as annual sedge, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that has a wide distribution throughout countries with warmer climates. It is found in tropical areas of Africa, Asia and the Americas.

Cyperus nutans is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia, China, India, Bangladesh, south-east Asia, Malaysia, India, and Indonesia.

Cyperus rigidellus is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia.

Cyperus victoriensis, also known as channel nut grass is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to all the states and territories of mainland Australia.

<i>Isolepis aucklandica</i> Species of grass-like plant

Isolepis aucklandica is a species of flowering plant in the Cyperaceae family. It is native to New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Macquarie Island, the French Southern Territories of Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands, and New Guinea.

<i>Lepidosperma canescens</i> Species of plant

Lepidosperma canescens is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to south-east South Australia and Victoria. There are no synonyms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyperotundone</span> Chemical compound

Cyperotundone is an organic ketone with the formula C15H22O. It is found in many essential oils including that of Cyperus articulatus and Cyperus rotundus.

References

  1. ↑ Gupta, A.K.; Mahamane, A.; Diop, F.N.; Beentje, H.J.; Ben Saad, S.; Daoud-Bouattour, A.; Ghrabi-Gammar, Z.; Muller, S.; Lansdown, R.V. (2018). "Cyperus articulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T164147A120149016. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T164147A120149016.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ↑ The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-235716 Archived 2019-05-17 at the Wayback Machine (accessed 12 September 2017).
  3. ↑ Wren, R.C. (1923). Potter's Cylopedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. London: Potter & Clark. p. 4.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Cook, Christopher D. K. (28 March 1996). "Cyperaceae". Aquatic and Wetland Plants of India: a reference book and identification manual for the vascular plants found in permanent or seasonal fresh water in the subcontinent of India south of the Himalayas. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 105. ISBN   9780198548218. OCLC   32968513.
  5. 1 2 3 Uphof, Johannes Cornelis Theodorus (1968) [1959]. Dictionary of Economic Plants (second ed.). New York, NY: J. Cramer. p. 169. ISBN   9783904144711. OCLC   48693661.
  6. ↑ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". wcsp.science.kew.org. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  7. ↑ Sarkar, A. K.; Chakraborty, M.; Saha, N. C.; Das, S. K. (November 1976). Löv, Áskell (ed.). "IOPB Chromosome Number Reports LIV". Taxon. 25 (5): 631–649. doi:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1976.tb03496.x. ISSN   0040-0262. JSTOR   1220124. OCLC   5550786521. CYPERACEAE Cyperus articulatus L. n = 56. India: W. Bengal, Dankuni, Hooghly. CBLH 13322.
  8. ↑ Feinbrun, Naomi; Lerman-Shadder, Shlomith (November 1985). Löve, Áskell (ed.). "Chromosome Number Reports LXXXIX". Taxon. 34 (4): 727–730. doi:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1985.tb04449.x. ISSN   0040-0262. JSTOR   1222236. OCLC   5556848342. Cyperus articulatus L. n = 56-57. Jerusalem, University Garden. Lerman C.03.59.
  9. ↑ Atala, A. (2012). "A new ingredient: The introduction of priprioca in gastronomy". International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science. 1: 61–81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2011.11.001 .
  10. ↑ Natura. "Perfumes baseados em Priprioca". Archived from the original on 2009-04-03.
  11. ↑ Azambuja, Wagner. "Priprioca Essential Oil - Óleos Essenciais O Guia do Brasil". Óleos Essenciais. Brazil. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  12. ↑ Luís da Câmara Cascudo (1954). Instituto Nacional do Livro (ed.). Dicionário do folclore brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.