Eucalyptus punctata

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Grey gum
Eucalyptus punctatatrunk.jpg
Eucalyptus punctata in Heathcote National Park
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. punctata
Binomial name
Eucalyptus punctata
Synonyms [1]
  • Eucalyptus biturbinataL.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill
  • Eucalyptus punctata var. didymaR.T.Baker & H.G.Sm.
  • Eucalyptus punctataDC. var. punctata
  • Eucalyptus shiressiiMaiden & Blakely
  • Eucalyptus tereticornis var. brachycorysBenth.
flower buds Eucalyptus punctata buds.jpg
flower buds
fruit Eucalyptus punctata fruit.jpg
fruit

Eucalyptus punctata, commonly known as grey gum, [2] is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth grey bark that is shed in patches, lance-shaped, curved or egg-shaped adult leaves flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit. Its leaves are one of the favoured foods of the koala.

Contents

Description

Eucalyptus punctata is a tree that typically grows to a height of 35 m (115 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth grey, brown or cream-coloured bark that is shed in patches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull green leaves that are paler on the lower surface, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 55–115 mm (2.2–4.5 in) long and 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) wide and petiolate. Adult leaves are glossy dark green, paler on the lower surface, lance-shaped or curved to egg-shaped, 60–180 mm (2.4–7.1 in) long and 14–37 mm (0.55–1.46 in) wide tapering to a petiole 13–26 mm (0.51–1.02 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 2–8 mm (0.079–0.315 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) long and 4–9 mm (0.16–0.35 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs from December to March and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped or hemispherical capsule 4–9 mm (0.16–0.35 in) long and 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) wide. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy

Eucalyptus punctata was first formally described in 1828 by Swiss naturalist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in his book Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis . [6] [7] The specifici epithet (punctata) is from the Latin adjective punctatus meaning "spotted" and refers to the oil glands, which give the leaves a dotted appearance. [8]

It is one a group of related species known collectively as large-fruited grey gums found in eastern Australia, the others being E. longirostrata from eastern Queensland, E. biturbinata from the New England region, and E. canaliculata from the vicinity of Gloucester and Dungog in central-northern New South Wales. [8] [4]

Distribution and habitat

Grey gum occurs through the ranges and near coastal areas from near Gympie in Queensland to near Nowra in New South Wales, most commonly on transition zone soil types between sandstone and shale. [8]

It grows in tall open sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as red bloodwood ( Corymbia gummifera ), pink bloodwood ( C. intermedia ), spotted gum ( C. maculata ), white stringybark ( E. globoidea ), Sydney peppermint ( E. piperita ), blackbutt ( E. pilularis ), yellow box ( E. melliodora ), mountain grey gum ( E. cypellocarpa ), narrow-leaved ironbark ( E. crebra ), grey ironbark ( E. paniculata ), broad-leaved white mahogany ( E. umbra ), white mahogany ( E. acmenoides ), and apples ( Angophora species). [8] [9]

Ecology

The grey gum regenerates by regrowing from the base and branches after bushfire. Trees live for over a hundred years. The grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) eats the flowers, while the leaves form a staple of the diet of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). [9] Leaves in winter contain less nitrogen than those in summer, which the koalas make up for by eating more in winter months. [10] The brown-headed honeyeater (Melithreptus brevirostris) and yellow-tufted honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops) have been observed eating gum exudate from the stems. [11] Fieldwork at several sites around central New South Wales showed that the red wattlebird (Anthochaera carunculata) and noisy friarbird (Philemon corniculatus) preferred to forage on the foliage of the grey gum over other trees, with the former appearing to oust the latter if both species were present. [12]

Uses

The timber is very hard and durable, and used in construction and for railway sleepers. [8] The multicoloured bark of Eucalyptus punctata that appears from time to time gives the tree some horticultural appeal, and it has potential applications in large parks, reserves and fields. [13]


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<i>Eucalyptus saligna</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus saligna, commonly known as the Sydney blue gum or blue gum, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, flaky bark near the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, nine or eleven, white flowers and cylindrical to conical or cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Angophora costata</i> Species of tree

Angophora costata, commonly known as Sydney red gum, rusty gum or smooth-barked apple, is a species of tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. Reaching 30 m (100 ft) in height, the species has distinctive smooth bark that is pinkish or orange-brown when new and fades to grey with age. Its lance-shaped leaves are arranged in opposite pairs along the stems, with white or creamy white flowers appearing from October to December. The flower buds are usually arranged in groups of three, followed by ribbed, oval or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus elata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus elata, commonly known as the river peppermint or river white gum, is a species of medium to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, compacted bark on the lower trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, green to yellow flower buds arranged in groups of eleven to thirty or more, white flowers and hemispherical or shortened spherical fruit.

<i>Corymbia maculata</i> Species of plant

Corymbia maculata, commonly known as spotted gum, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth, mottled bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of three, white flowers and urn-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia intermedia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia intermedia, commonly known as the pink bloodwood, is a species of medium to tall tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and oval to barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia polycarpa</i> Species of plant

Corymbia polycarpa, also known as the long-fruited bloodwood or small-flowered bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. Indigenous Australians of different language groups have different names for the tree. The Nungali peoples know the tree as narrga or gunjid, the Mulluk-Mulluk know it as dawart, the Yangman know it as bodog, the Gurindji peoples as jadburru and the Wagiman as jagatjjin. It is a medium-sized tree with rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white or cream-coloured flowers and barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Psaltoda moerens</i> Species of true bug

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<i>Eucalyptus propinqua</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus propinqua, commonly known as the grey gum or small-fruited grey gum, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth, mottled bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves that are paler on the lower surface, flower buds in groups of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and conical or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus agglomerata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus agglomerata, commonly known as blue-leaved stringybark, is a tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has persistent, stringy bark, green or greyish leaves with a bluish sheen, flower buds in groups of eleven to fifteen, white to cream-coloured flowers and crowded, flattened hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus benthamii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus benthamii, commonly known as Camden white gum, Bentham's gum, Nepean River gum, kayer-ro or durrum-by-ang, is a species of tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has mostly smooth bluish grey or white bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or conical fruit.

<i>Corymbia aspera</i> Species of plant

Corymbia aspera, commonly known as the rough-leaved ghost gum, rough leaf range gum, desert bloodwood, Brittle Range gum in Western Australia, or snappy gum in the Northern Territory is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has smooth white bark, sometimes with a short stocking of rough bark near the base, a crown of sessile juvenile, heart-shaped or egg-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped, barrel-shaped or cylindrical fruit.

<i>Corymbia bleeseri</i> Species of plant

Corymbia bleeseri, commonly known as the glossy-leaved bloodwood or the smooth-stemmed bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has thin, rough bark on part or all of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia dichromophloia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia dichromophloia, commonly known as the small-fruited bloodwood, variably-barked bloodwood or gum-topped bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has smooth white bark sometimes with flaky bark on the trunk, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia erythrophloia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia erythrophloia, commonly known as the red bloodwood, variable-barked bloodwood, red-barked bloodwood or gum-topped bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, egg-shaped or lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped to spherical fruit.

<i>Corymbia gilbertensis</i> Species of plant

Corymbia gilbertensis, commonly known as the Gilbert River ghost gum or Gilbert River box, is a species of tree that is endemic to tropical far north Queensland. It has rough, tessellated bark on the lower part of the trunk, smooth bark above, a crown of juvenile, intermediate and adult leaves, flower buds mostly in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia jacobsiana</i> Species of plant

Corymbia jacobsiana, commonly known as Jacob's bloodwood or the stringybark bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to the Northern Territory. It has rough, stringy bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to elliptical or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus longirostrata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus longirostrata, commonly known as grey gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to south-east Queensland. It has smooth greyish bark, glossy green adult leaves that are paler on the lower surface, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical to cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus neglecta</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus neglecta, commonly known as Omeo gum, is a species of small tree that is endemic to a small area of Victoria, Australia. Older plants have rough, fibrous bark on the trunk, otherwise smooth grey to brownish bark, a crown of mostly lance-shaped, egg-shaped or oblong leaves arranged in opposite pairs, flower buds in groups of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and cup-shaped or conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus rhombica</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus rhombica is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to a small area of south-east Queensland. It has rough, ironbark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped or conical fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 "Eucalyptus punctata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  2. 1 2 Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus punctata". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  3. Fairley Alan; Moore Philip (2000). Native Plants of the Sydney District:An Identification Guide (2nd ed.). Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press. p. 211. ISBN   0-7318-1031-7.
  4. 1 2 "Eucalyptus punctata". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  5. Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus punctata". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  6. "Eucalyptus punctata". APNI. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  7. de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1828). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis (Volume 3). Paris: Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Boland Douglas J.; Brooker M. I. H.; Chippendale G. M.; McDonald Maurice William (2006). Forest trees of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 306. ISBN   0-643-06969-0.
  9. 1 2 Benson, Doug; McDougall Lyn (1998). "Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 5 (4): 809–987. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-06-14.
  10. Cork, S. J. (1986). "Foliage of Eucalyptus punctata and the Maintenance Nitrogen Requirements of Koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus". Australian Journal of Zoology. 34 (1): 17–23. doi:10.1071/ZO9860017.
  11. Barker RD, Vestjens WJ (1984). The Food of Australian Birds: (II) Passerines. Melbourne University Press. ISBN   0-643-05115-5.
  12. Saunders Anthony S. J.; Burgin Shelley (2001). "Selective foliage foraging by Red Wattlebirds, Anthochaera carunculata, and Noisy Friarbirds, Philemon corniculatus". Emu. 101 (2): 163–66. doi:10.1071/MU00007. S2CID   82157738.
  13. Elliot Rodger W.; Jones David L. (1986). "Eu-Go". In Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants suitable for cultivation. Vol. 4. Lothian Publishing. p. 190. ISBN   0-85091-213-X.