Angophora

Last updated

Angophora
Angophora costata - 1923 @ Maranoa.jpg
Angophora costata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Subfamily: Myrtoideae
Tribe: Eucalypteae
Genus: Angophora
Cav. [1]
Species

See text

Angophora is a genus of nine species of trees and shrubs in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Endemic to eastern Australia, they differ from other eucalypts in having juvenile and adult leaves arranged in opposite pairs, sepals reduced to projections on the edge of the floral cup, four or five overlapping, more or less round petals, and a papery or thin, woody, often strongly ribbed capsule. Species are found between the Atherton Tableland in Queensland and south through New South Wales to eastern Victoria, Australia.

Contents

Description

Plants in the genus Angophora are trees, occasionally shrubs, with rough bark except for A. costata . The juvenile leaves differ from adult leaves in being hairy with raised oil glands. Both juvenile and adult leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, the adult leaves usually glabrous and paler on the lower surface. The flower buds are arranged in groups of three or seven. The flower has four or five small sepals, reduced to small projections on the rim of the floral cup. There are four or five more or less round, keeled, overlapping petals and whorls of many creamy white stamens. Unlike in Eucalyptus and Corymbia , the petals and sepals are not fused to form a cap-like operculum. The fruit is a papery or thin, slightly woody, hairy capsule with longitudinal ribs. [2] [3] [4]

Taxonomy

The genus Angophora was first formally described in 1797 by Antonio José Cavanilles in his book Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum. [5] [6]

Angophora is closely related to Corymbia and Eucalyptus , and all three genera are often referred to as "eucalypts". Collectively the eucalypts dominate many Australian ecosystems. [7] Taxonomists have long recognised the relationships between the eucalypt taxa, but have not agreed upon a classification scheme. Some have proposed merging Angophora and Corymbia into genus Eucalyptus as subgenera, [8] a plan which was immediately rejected by others. [9] Some authors maintain Angophora as a genus, [10] while others continue to debate the issue. [11] [12]

Among the eucalypts, Angophora species were nicknamed "apples" by European settlers, who thought they resembled apple trees. [7] Many are still known commonly as apples today. [2]

Species

The following is a list species of accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at March 2020: [1]

Distribution

Angophoras are found in coastal Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria from the Atherton Tableland to eastern Victoria. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eucalypt</span> Type of plant

Eucalypt is any woody plant with capsule fruiting bodies belonging to one of seven closely related genera found across Australia: Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Stockwellia, Allosyncarpia, Eucalyptopsis and Arillastrum. In Australia, they are commonly known as gum trees.

<i>Corymbia</i> Genus of trees

Corymbia, commonly known as bloodwoods, is a genus of about one hundred species of tree that, along with Eucalyptus, Angophora and several smaller groups, are referred to as eucalypts. Until 1990, corymbias were included in the genus Eucalyptus and there is still considerable disagreement among botanists as to whether separating them is valid. As of January 2020, Corymbia is an accepted name at the Australian Plant Census.

<i>Leptospermum</i> Genus of shrubs

Leptospermum is a genus of shrubs and small trees in the myrtle family Myrtaceae commonly known as tea trees, although this name is sometimes also used for some species of Melaleuca. Most species are endemic to Australia, with the greatest diversity in the south of the continent, but some are native to other parts of the world, including New Zealand and Southeast Asia. Leptospermums all have five conspicuous petals and five groups of stamens which alternate with the petals. There is a single style in the centre of the flower and the fruit is a woody capsule.

<i>Baeckea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Baeckea is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, all but one endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Baeckea are shrubs or small trees with leaves arranged in opposite pairs, white to deep pink flowers with five sepals and five petals, and five to fifteen stamens that are shorter than the petals.

<i>Angophora costata</i> Species of tree

Angophora costata, commonly known as Sydney red gum, rusty gum or smooth-barked apple, is a species of tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. Reaching 30 m (100 ft) in height, the species has distinctive smooth bark that is pinkish or orange-brown when new and fades to grey with age. Its lance-shaped leaves are arranged in opposite pairs along the stems, with white or creamy white flowers appearing from October to December. The flower buds are usually arranged in groups of three, followed by ribbed, oval or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia gummifera</i> Species of plant

Corymbia gummifera, commonly known as red bloodwood, is a species of tree, rarely a mallee, that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Angophora hispida</i> Species of tree

Angophora hispida grows as a mallee, or as a tree to about 7 m (25 ft) in height. A. hispida's small size, especially when compared to its Angophora and Eucalyptus relatives, leads to it being known by the common name dwarf apple. It is native to a relatively small patch of central New South Wales – from just south of Sydney up to the Gosford area. The plant's leaves are sessile (stalk-less) and hug the stem with heart-shaped bases. Its previous name – A. cordifolia – referred to these cordate leaves. Another distinctive feature is the red bristly hairs that cover the branchlets, flower bases and new growth. This leads to the specific epithet hispida.

<i>Angophora floribunda</i> Species of tree

Angophora floribunda, commonly known as the rough-barked apple, is a common woodland and forest tree of the family Myrtaceae native to Eastern Australia. Reaching 30 m (100 ft) high, it is a large tree with fibrous bark and cream-white flowers that appear over the Austral summer. It grows on alluvial soils on floodplains and along watercourses. Much of the land it grew on has been cleared for agriculture.

<i>Corymbia eximia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia eximia, commonly known as yellow bloodwood, is a bloodwood native to New South Wales. It occurs around the Sydney Basin often in high rainfall areas on shallow sandstone soils on plateaux or escarpments, in fire prone areas. Growing as a gnarled tree to 20 m (66 ft), it is recognisable by its distinctive yellow-brown tessellated bark. The greyish green leaves are thick and veiny, and lanceolate spear- or sickle-shaped. The cream flowerheads grow in panicles in groups of seven and appear in spring. Known for many years as Eucalyptus eximia, the yellow bloodwood was transferred into the new genus Corymbia in 1995 when it was erected by Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson. It is still seen under the earlier name in some works.

<i>Angophora bakeri</i> Species of tree

Angophora bakeri, commonly known as the narrow-leaved apple, is a species of tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white or creamy white flowers and oval to cylindrical fruit.

<i>Angophora bakeri <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> crassifolia</i> Subspecies of tree

Angophora bakeri subsp. crassifolia is a small, shrubby tree or mallee that is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, thick, rigid lance-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white or creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to barrel-shaped fruit. It is similar to subspecies bakeri, differing in its smaller habit, thick leaves and slightly larger fruit.

<i>Melaleuca nodosa</i> Species of plant

Melaleuca nodosa, commonly known as the prickly-leaved paperbark, is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with narrow, sometimes needle-like leaves and profuse heads of yellow flowers as early as April or as late as January.

<i>Angophora leiocarpa</i> Species of tree

Angophora leiocarpa, commonly known as rusty gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of three, white or creamy white flowers and smooth barrel-shaped to cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia watsoniana</i> Species of plant

Corymbia watsoniana, commonly known as large-fruited yellowjacket, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, egg-shaped to broadly lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and barrel-shaped or urn-shaped fruit.

Angophora costata subsp. euryphylla is a species of medium-sized to large tree that is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white or creamy white flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit. It is similar to subspecies costata but has broader leaves and larger fruit.

Angophora paludosa is a tree species that is native to eastern Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eucalypteae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Eucalypteae is a large tribe of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae; members of this tribe are known as eucalypts. In Australia the genera Angophora, Corymbia, and Eucalyptus are commonly known as gum trees, for the sticky substance that exudes from the trunk of some species. As of 2020, the tribe comprised around 860 species, all native to Southeast Asia and Oceania, with a main diversity center in Australia.

<i>Muellerina eucalyptoides</i> Species of plant

Muellerina eucalyptoides, commonly known as creeping mistletoe, is a hemiparasitic aerial shrub in the family Loranthaceae. The species is endemic to Australia.

<i>Angophora bakeri <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> bakeri</i> Subspecies of tree

Angophora bakeri subsp. bakeri, commonly known as narrow-leaved apple, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white or creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to barrel-shaped fruit.

Angophora costata subsp. costata is a species of medium-sized to large tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white or creamy white flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit. It is similar to subspecies costata but has narrower leaves and smaller fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 "Angophora". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 Hill, Ken. "Corymbia". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  3. "More about Angophora". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  4. Chippendale, George M. "Angophora". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  5. "Angophora". APNI. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  6. Cavanilles, Antonio J. (1797). Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum (Volume 4). Madrid. p. 21. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  7. 1 2 "Eucalypts: Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  8. Brooker, M. I. H. (2000). A new classification of the genus Eucalyptus L'Her.(Myrtaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 13(1), 79-148.
  9. Ladiges, P. Y. and F. Udovicic. (2000). Comment on a new classification of the eucalypts. Australian Systematic Botany 13(1), 149-52.
  10. Steane, D. A., et al. (2001). Development and characterisation of microsatellite loci in Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae). Silvae Genetica 50(2), 89-91.
  11. Brummitt, R. K. (2003). Further dogged defense of paraphyletic taxa. Taxon 52(4), 803-04.
  12. Nelson, G., et al. (2003). Brummitt on paraphyly: a response. Taxon 52(2), 295-98.