Angophora leiocarpa

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Rusty gum
Angophora leiocarpa.jpg
In the Pilliga Nature Reserve
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Angophora
Species:
A. leiocarpa
Binomial name
Angophora leiocarpa
Angophora leiocarpa DistMap.png
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms [1]

Angophora leiocarpa, commonly known as rusty gum, [2] is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of three, white or creamy white flowers and smooth barrel-shaped to cup-shaped fruit.

Contents

Description

Angophora leiocarpa is a tree that typically grows to a height of 25 m (82 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth pink to orange or greyish bark that is shed in small patches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have sessile leaves that are narrow lance-shaped, 45–140 mm (1.8–5.5 in) long and 7–28 mm (0.3–1.1 in) wide with a stem-clasping base, and arranged in opposite pairs. Adult leaves are also arranged in opposite pairs, lance-shaped or curved, 55–160 mm (2.2–6.3 in) long and 6–25 mm (0.2–1.0 in) wide tapering to a petiole 6–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched, glabrous peduncle 9–32 mm (0.4–1.3 in) long, each branch of the peduncle with three, rarely seven buds, on pedicels 3–8 mm (0.1–0.3 in) long. Mature buds are globe-shaped, 4–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide with a smooth to slightly ribbed floral cup and petals about 3 mm (0.1 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide. Flowering has been observed from November to February and the fruit is a thin-walled, barrel-shaped to cup-shaped capsule 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long and 7–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide with the valves enclosed in the fruit. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Taxonomy and naming

Rusty gum was first formally described in 1986 by Gregory John Leach from an unpublished description by Lawrie Johnson and given the name Angophora costata subsp. leiocarpa from specimens collected near Warialda High School in 1976. [6] [7] In 1988 Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges raised it to species status as Angophora leiocarpa. [8] The specific epithet leiocarpa is derived from the ancient Greek leios meaning 'smooth' and karpon 'fruit', distinguishing this Angophora from others in the genus. [6] A 2021 molecular analysis of the genus confirmed it was genetically divergent from the two A. costata subspecies, and in fact showed some hybridization with Angophora floribunda . [9]

Distribution and habitat

Angophora leiocarpa grows in open forest on sandstone hills and outcrops from Blackall and Mackay in Queensland, south to Narrabri and Grafton in New South Wales. [4] [5]

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<i>Corymbia blakei</i> Species of plant

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<i>Corymbia grandifolia</i> Species of plant

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<i>Eucalyptus wimmerensis</i> Species of plant

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<i>Eucalyptus arcana</i> Species of plant

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Angophora costata subsp. euryphylla is a species of medium-sized to large tree that is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white or creamy white flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit. It is similar to subspecies costata but has broader leaves and larger fruit.

<i>Angophora bakeri <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> bakeri</i> Subspecies of tree

Angophora bakeri subsp. bakeri, commonly known as narrow-leaved apple, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white or creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to barrel-shaped fruit.

Angophora costata subsp. costata is a species of medium-sized to large tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white or creamy white flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit. It is similar to subspecies costata but has narrower leaves and smaller fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 "Angophora leiocarpa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  2. "Species profile—Angophora leiocarpa (rusty gum)". Queensland Government Department of Environment and Science. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  3. Hill, Ken. "Angophora leiocarpa". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  4. 1 2 "Angophora costata subsp. leiocarpa". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  5. 1 2 Chippendale, George M. "Angophora costata subsp. leiocarpa". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 Leach, Gregory John (24 April 1986). "A revision of the genus Angophora (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 2 (6): 760–762. doi: 10.7751/telopea19864614 .
  7. "Angophora costata subsp. leiocarpa". APNI. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  8. "Angophora leiocarpa". APNI. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  9. Rutherford, Susan; Wan, Justin S.H.; Cohen, Joel M.; Benson, Doug; Rossetto, Maurizio (February 2021). "Looks can be deceiving: speciation dynamics of co-distributed Angophora (Myrtaceae) species in a varying landscape". Evolution. 75 (2): 310–329. doi:10.1111/evo.14140. PMID   33325041. S2CID   229281038.