Angophora leiocarpa

Last updated

Rusty gum
Angophora leiocarpa.jpg
Angophora leiocarpa in the Pilliga Nature Reserve
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Angophora
Species:
A. leiocarpa
Binomial name
Angophora leiocarpa
Angophora leiocarpa DistMap.png
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms [1]

Angophora leiocarpa, commonly known as rusty gum, [2] is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of three, white or creamy white flowers and smooth barrel-shaped to cup-shaped fruit.

Contents

Description

Angophora leiocarpa is a tree that typically grows to a height of 25 m (82 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth pink to orange or greyish bark that is shed in small patches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have sessile leaves that are narrow lance-shaped, 45–140 mm (1.8–5.5 in) long and 7–28 mm (0.28–1.10 in) wide with a stem-clasping base, and arranged in opposite pairs. Adult leaves are also arranged in opposite pairs, lance-shaped or curved, 55–160 mm (2.2–6.3 in) long and 6–25 mm (0.24–0.98 in) wide tapering to a petiole 6–15 mm (0.24–0.59 in) long. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched, glabrous peduncle 9–32 mm (0.35–1.26 in) long, each branch of the peduncle with three, rarely seven buds, on pedicels 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long. Mature buds are globe-shaped, 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide with a smooth to slightly ribbed floral cup and petals about 3 mm (0.12 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide. Flowering has been observed from November to February and the fruit is a thin-walled, barrel-shaped to cup-shaped capsule 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long and 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in) wide with the valves enclosed in the fruit. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Taxonomy and naming

Rusty gum was first formally described in 1986 by Gregory John Leach from an unpublished description by Lawrie Johnson and given the name Angophora costata subsp. leiocarpa from specimens collected near Warialda High School in 1976. [6] [7] In 1988 Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges raised it to species status as Angophora leiocarpa. [8] The specific epithet (leiocarpa) is derived from the ancient Greek leios meaning "smooth" and karpon meaning "fruit", distinguishing this Angophora from others in the genus. [6] A 2021 molecular analysis of the genus confirmed it was genetic divergent from the two A. costata subspecies, and in fact showed some hybridization with Angophora floribunda . [9]

Distribution and habitat

Angophora leiocarpa grows in open forest on sandstone hills and outcrops from Blackall and Mackay in Queensland, south to Narrabri and Grafton in New South Wales. [4] [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Angophora costata</i> Species of tree

Angophora costata, commonly known as Sydney red gum, rusty gum or smooth-barked apple, is a species of tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. Reaching 30 m (100 ft) in height, the species has distinctive smooth bark that is pinkish or orange-brown when new and fades to grey with age. Its lance-shaped leaves are arranged in opposite pairs along the stems, with white or creamy white flowers appearing from October to December. The flower buds are usually arranged in groups of three, followed by ribbed, oval or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus camphora</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus camphora, commonly known as swamp gum is a flowering plant that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a species of small to medium-sized tree with smooth bark, sometimes rough at the base, broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped or elliptic adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical fruit. There are two subspecies, subspecies camphora, commonly known as broad-leaved sally or swamp gum and subspecies humeana, commonly known as mountain swamp gum.

<i>Eucalyptus scias</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus scias, known as the large-fruited red mahogany, is a species of small, straggly to medium-sized tree that is endemic to the high rainfall coastal areas of New South Wales. It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus amplifolia</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus amplifolia, commonly known as the cabbage gum, is a tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark on its trunk and branches, lance-shaped leaves, and buds in groups of between seven and fifteen or more. The flowers are white and the fruit are woody hemispherical capsules. It is common on the coastal areas and tablelands of New South Wales and adjacent areas in south eastern Queensland, occurring as far south as Bega.

<i>Angophora bakeri</i> Species of tree

Angophora bakeri, commonly known as the narrow-leaved apple, is a species of tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white or creamy white flowers and oval to cylindrical fruit.

<i>Corymbia henryi</i> Species of plant

Corymbia henryi, commonly known as large-leaved spotted gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has smooth, mottled bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white or lemon yellow flowers and barrel-shaped to urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Angophora bakeri <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> crassifolia</i> Subspecies of tree

Angophora bakeri subsp. crassifolia is a small, shrubby tree or mallee that is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, thick, rigid lance-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white or creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to barrel-shaped fruit. It is similar to subspecies bakeri, differing in its smaller habit, thick leaves and slightly larger fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus dorrigoensis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus dorrigoensis, commonly known as the Dorrigo white gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has smooth white, grey or pink bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical fruit.

Angophora inopina, commonly known as the Charmhaven apple, is a species of small, often multi-stemmed tree that is endemic to the Central Coast of New South Wales. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white or creamy white flowers and ribbed, cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus aquatica</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus aquatica, commonly known as broad-leaved sally, or mountain swamp gum is a tree or mallee that is endemic to a small area of New South Wales in eastern Australia. It has smooth, greyish bark, dull bluish green adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and conical or hemispherical fruit. It grows in swamps and other places with poor drainage.

<i>Eucalyptus nobilis</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus nobilis, commonly known as ribbon gum or giant white gum, is a species of medium to tall tree that is native to northern New South Wales and south-east Queensland. It has a long, straight trunk with smooth, greyish bark that is shed in long ribbons, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus pachycalyx</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus pachycalyx, commonly known as the shiny-barked gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has smooth, pale grey, mottled bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, white flowers and cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus prava</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus prava, commonly known as orange gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth, mottled bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Corymbia blakei</i> Species of plant

Corymbia blakei, commonly known as ghost gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has smooth bark, sometimes with a stocking of rough bark on older specimens, linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of three, creamy white flowers and barrel-shaped, cup-shaped or cylindrical fruit.

<i>Corymbia ferriticola</i> Species of plant

Corymbia ferriticola, commonly known as Pilbara ghost gum, is a species of tree or a mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and shortened spherical to cylindrical fruit.

<i>Corymbia ferruginea</i> Species of plant

Corymbia ferruginea, commonly known as rusty bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, a crown of sessile juvenile leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, pale creamy yellow flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia grandifolia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia grandifolia, commonly known as cabbage gum, large-leaved cabbage gum and paper-fruited bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has smooth bark, egg-shaped to broadly elliptic to lance-shaped adult leaves, flowers buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

Angophora costata subsp. euryphylla is a species of medium-sized to large tree that is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white or creamy white flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit. It is similar to subspecies costata but has broader leaves and larger fruit.

<i>Angophora bakeri <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> bakeri</i> Subspecies of tree

Angophora bakeri subsp. bakeri, commonly known as narrow-leaved apple, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white or creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to barrel-shaped fruit.

Angophora costata subsp. costata is a species of medium-sized to large tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white or creamy white flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit. It is similar to subspecies costata but has narrower leaves and smaller fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 "Angophora leiocarpa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  2. "Species profile—Angophora leiocarpa (rusty gum)". Queensland Government Department of Environment and Science. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  3. Hill, Ken. "Angophora leiocarpa". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  4. 1 2 "Angophora costata subsp. leiocarpa". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  5. 1 2 Chippendale, George M. "Angophora costata subsp. leiocarpa". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 Leach, Gregory John (24 April 1986). "A revision of the genus Angophora (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 2 (6): 760–762. doi: 10.7751/telopea19864614 .
  7. "Angophora costata subsp. leiocarpa". APNI. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  8. "Angophora leiocarpa". APNI. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  9. Rutherford, Susan; Wan, Justin S.H.; Cohen, Joel M.; Benson, Doug; Rossetto, Maurizio (February 2021). "Looks can be deceiving: speciation dynamics of co‐distributed Angophora (Myrtaceae) species in a varying landscape". Evolution. 75 (2): 310–329. doi:10.1111/evo.14140. PMID   33325041. S2CID   229281038.