Corymbia gummifera

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Red bloodwood
Corymbia gummifera habit.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Corymbia
Species:
C. gummifera
Binomial name
Corymbia gummifera
Synonyms [1]
Synonyms
  • Eucalyptus corymbosa Sm.
  • Eucalyptus corymbosaSm. var. corymbosa
  • Eucalyptus corymbosus Cav. orth. var.
  • Eucalyptus gummifera(Sol. ex Gaertn.) Hochr.
  • Eucalyptus gummifera(Sol. ex Gaertn.) Hochr. var. gummifera
  • Eucalyptus longifolia Maiden nom. inval., pro syn.
  • Eucalyptus oppositifolia Desf. nom. inval., nom. nud.
  • Eucalyptus purpurascens var. petiolaris DC.
  • Metrosideros gummiferaSol. ex Gaertn.
flower buds and flowers Corymbia gummifera buds.jpg
flower buds and flowers
fruit Corymbia gummifera fruit.jpg
fruit
Illustration from a book by Joseph Maiden Corymbia gummifera-Minchen.jpg
Illustration from a book by Joseph Maiden

Corymbia gummifera, commonly known as red bloodwood, [2] is a species of tree, rarely a mallee, that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

Contents

Description

Corymbia gummifera is a tree that typically grows to a height of 20–35 m (66–115 ft), rarely a mallee, and forms a lignotuber. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves that are paler on the lower surface, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 90–165 mm (3.5–6.5 in) long and 30–52 mm (1.2–2.0 in) wide, and petiolate. Juvenile leaves are opposite on the stem for a few pairs, then disjunct. [3] Adult leaves are glossy dark green, paler on the lower surface, lance-shaped, 55–160 mm (2.2–6.3 in) long and 15–50 mm (0.59–1.97 in) wide, tapering to a petiole 8–23 mm (0.31–0.91 in) long. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched peduncle 17–33 mm (0.67–1.30 in) long, each branch of the peduncle with seven buds on pedicels 2–15 mm (0.079–0.591 in) long. Mature buds are oval to pear-shaped, 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide with a conical to rounded or slightly beaked operculum. Flowering occurs from December to June and the flowers are creamy white. The fruit is a woody urn-shaped capsule 12–22 mm (0.47–0.87 in) long and 9–18 mm (0.35–0.71 in) wide with the valves deeply enclosed in the fruit. [2] [4] [5] [6]

Taxonomy

The red bloodwood was first formally described in 1788 by Joseph Gaertner who gave it the name Metrosideros gummifera and published the description in his book De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum . (The name is often given as Metrosideros gummifera Sol. ex Gaertn., but Gaertner did not ascribe the name to Solander.) [6] [7] [8]

The name Eucalyptus corymbosa, published by James Edward Smith in his 1795 A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland , [9] is regarded as a synonym by the Australian Plant Census. [1] Eucalyptus corymbosus, published in 1797 by Cavanilles in his book Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum is an orthographical variant. [10] [11] Eucalyptus oppositifolia, published in 1804 by Desfontaines is a nomen nudum because no description was provided. [12] [13] Eucalyptus purpurascens var. petiolaris, published in 1828 by de Candolle is regarded as a synonym. [14] Eucalyptus longifolia, published in 1920 by Joseph Maiden is an invalid name because it had already been used for a different species. [15] [16]

In 1995 Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson changed the name to Corymbia gummifera. [6] [17]

Distribution and habitat

Corymbia gummifera mainly occurs on flats and low hills along the coast between the extreme eastern corner of Victoria and south-eastern Queensland. It grows best on moist, rich, loamy soil, but is also commonly found on poorer sandy soils. [2]

Uses

The heartwood of C. gummifera is very strong and durable, but has extensive gum lines. It is used for rough construction purposes, such as poles, sleepers, fencing and mining timbers. [2]
Corymbia gummifera may be used as a rootstock, onto which the ornamental C. ficifolia is grafted. [18]

Related Research Articles

<i>Corymbia citriodora</i> Species of plant

Corymbia citriodora, commonly known as lemon-scented gum and other common names, is a species of tall tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has smooth white to pink bark, narrow lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and urn-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Angophora costata</i> Species of tree

Angophora costata, commonly known as Sydney red gum, rusty gum or smooth-barked apple, is a species of tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. Reaching 30 m (100 ft) in height, the species has distinctive smooth bark that is pinkish or orange-brown when new and fades to grey with age. Its lance-shaped leaves are arranged in opposite pairs along the stems, with white or creamy white flowers appearing from October to December. The flower buds are usually arranged in groups of three, followed by ribbed, oval or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia maculata</i> Species of plant

Corymbia maculata, commonly known as spotted gum, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth, mottled bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of three, white flowers and urn-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia dallachiana</i> Species of plant

Corymbia dallachiana commonly known as Dallachy's ghost gum or Dallachy's gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, cylindrical or barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia terminalis</i> Species of plant

Corymbia terminalis, also known as tjuta, joolta, bloodwood, desert bloodwood, plains bloodwood, northern bloodwood, western bloodwood or inland bloodwood, is a species of small to medium-sized tree, rarely a mallee that is endemic to Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark on some or all of the trunk, sometimes also on the larger branches, smooth white to cream-coloured bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia eximia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia eximia, commonly known as yellow bloodwood, is a bloodwood native to New South Wales. It occurs around the Sydney Basin often in high rainfall areas on shallow sandstone soils on plateaux or escarpments, in fire prone areas. Growing as a gnarled tree to 20 m (66 ft), it is recognisable by its distinctive yellow-brown tessellated bark. The greyish green leaves are thick and veiny, and lanceolate spear- or sickle-shaped. The cream flowerheads grow in panicles in groups of seven and appear in spring. Known for many years as Eucalyptus eximia, the yellow bloodwood was transferred into the new genus Corymbia in 1995 when it was erected by Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson. It is still seen under the earlier name in some works.

<i>Xylomelum pyriforme</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae native to eastern Australia

Xylomelum pyriforme, commonly known as the woody pear, is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae native to eastern Australia. It grows as a large shrub or small tree to five metres high.

<i>Corymbia henryi</i> Species of plant

Corymbia henryi, commonly known as large-leaved spotted gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has smooth, mottled bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white or lemon yellow flowers and barrel-shaped to urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia ptychocarpa</i> Species of plant

Corymbia ptychocarpa, commonly known as swamp bloodwood or spring bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northwestern Australia. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, broadly lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy yellow, pink or red flowers, and barrel-shaped, ribbed fruit.

<i>Corymbia trachyphloia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia trachyphloia, commonly known as brown bloodwood, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk, often also on the larger branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Melaleuca nodosa</i> Species of plant

Melaleuca nodosa, commonly known as the prickly-leaved paperbark, is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with narrow, sometimes needle-like leaves and profuse heads of yellow flowers as early as April or as late as January.

<i>Corymbia chippendalei</i> Species of plant

Corymbia chippendalei, commonly known as sand-dune bloodwood or sandhill bloodwood, is a species of small tree or a mallee that is endemic to desert country in central Australia. It has rough bark on part or all of the trunk, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and shortened spherical fruit.

<i>Corymbia collina</i> Species of plant

Corymbia collina, commonly known as silver-leaved bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has thin patchy rough bark on some or all of the trunk, smooth white to pale grey bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia dichromophloia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia dichromophloia, commonly known as small-fruited bloodwood, variably-barked bloodwood or gum-topped bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has smooth white bark sometimes with flaky bark on the trunk, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia erythrophloia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia erythrophloia, commonly known as red bloodwood, variable-barked bloodwood, red-barked bloodwood or gum-topped bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has rough bark on the trunk and branches, egg-shaped or lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped to spherical fruit.

<i>Corymbia foelscheana</i> Species of plant

Corymbia foelscheana, commonly known as broad-leaved bloodwood, fan-leaved bloodwood or smooth-barked bloodwood, is a species of small tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has thin, rough, tessellated bark on some or all of the trunk, smooth bark above, broadly egg-shaped to broadly lance- shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia latifolia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia latifolia, commonly known as round-leaved bloodwood, round leaf bloodwood, wubam and other names in indigenous languages, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has thin, rough bark over part or all of the trunk, smooth bark above, triangular or broadly egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

Corymbia serendipita is a species of tree that is endemic to north Queensland. It has rough flaky or tessellated bark on most or all of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia setosa</i> Species of plant

Corymbia setosa, commonly known as rough leaved bloodwood or desert bloodwood, is a species of small tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has rough, tessellated brown bark on the trunk and branches, a crown of juvenile, heart-shaped leaves arranged in opposite pairs, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and urn-shaped to shortened spherical fruit.

<i>Corymbia umbonata</i> Species of plant

Corymbia umbonata, commonly known as rusty bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to the Top End of the Northern Territory. It has thin, rough bark on the trunk, often also the branches, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Corymbia gummifera". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Boland, Douglas J.; Brooker, M. Ian H.; McDonald, Maurice W.; Chippendale, George M.; Kleinig, David A.; Hall, Norman; Johnson, R.D.; Hyland, Bernard P.M.; Turner, J.D. (2006). Forest Trees of Australia . Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p.  238. ISBN   0643069690.
  3. ↑ Brooker, M.I.H.; Kleinig, D. A. (1999). Field Guide to Eucalypts. Vol. 1: South-eastern Australia. Melbourne, Victoria: Bloomings Books. p. 47. ISBN   1-876473-03-7.
  4. ↑ "Corymbia gummifera". Euclid: Centre for Australian National biodiversity Research. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  5. ↑ Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus gummifera". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 Hill, Kenneth D.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. (13 December 1995). "Systematic studies in the eucalypts. 7. A revision of the bloodwoods, genus Corymbia (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 6 (2–3): 233–237. doi: 10.7751/telopea19953017 .
  7. ↑ "Metrosideros gummifera". APNI. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  8. ↑ Gaertner, Joseph (1788). De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum. Stuttgart: Sumtibus Auctoris, Typis Academiae Carolinae. pp. 170–171. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  9. ↑ "Eucalyptus corymbosa". APNI. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  10. ↑ "Eucalyptus corymbosus". APNI. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  11. ↑ Cavanilles, Antonio J. "Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum" . Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  12. ↑ "Eucalyptus oppositifolia". APNI. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  13. ↑ Desfontaines, René Louiche (1804). Tableau de l'École de botanique du Muséum d'histoire naturelle. Paris. p. 222. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  14. ↑ "Eucalyptus purpurascens var. petiolaris". APNI. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  15. ↑ "Eucalyptus longifolia". APNI. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  16. ↑ Maiden, Joseph (1920). A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus. Sydney: New South Wales Government Printer. p. 245. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  17. ↑ "Corymbia gummifera". APNI. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  18. ↑ "Corymbia Cultivars". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Retrieved 5 February 2021.
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