List of Mapudungun placenames

Last updated

The following is a listing of placenames from the Mapudungun language, generally from Chile and southwestern Argentina.

Contents

Note: this list includes only currently used placenames that have a Mapudungun etymology for at least part of their name

A

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Abtao end/limit of the territory Los Lagos channel, islandcontested
(pro [1] con [2] [3] )
Achao sandy and protected harbour Los Lagos beach, channel, city/town
Aconcagua place of heathers Valparaíso, Mendoza mountain, river
Allipén Araucanía, Bío-Bío river
Ancud to dry Los Lagos city/town, gulf
Anticura sun stone Los Lagos river, village
Antihue sunny place [4] Los Lagos hamlet
Antillanca sun/light green quartz [4] Los Lagos volcano
Antimahuida sun/light mountain [4] Los Lagos village
Antuco sun and water Bío-Bío volcano

B

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
BuchupureoBig WaveLimit between VII & VIII Regions, Chile
Bariloche from Furiloche: people from the other side of the mountain Los Lagos, Río Negro city/town, mountain pass
Bío-Bío Araucanía, Bío-Bío river
Boldo from folo, a shrub ( Peumus boldus ) La Araucanía
Bucalemu big forest Valparaíso
Butacura big stone Los Lagos hamlet

C

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Caburgua dug with a spoon Araucanía lake, waterfall
Calafquén lake like a sea Araucanía, Los Ríos lake
Calbuco blue waters [4] Los Lagos channel, city/town, peninsula, volcano
Caleufú Neuquén river
Callaqui Bío-Bío volcano
Calle-Calle lot of Iridaceaes Los Ríos riveronce called Guadalfquén
Carahue the city that was Araucanía city/town
Carelmapu green territory [4] Los Lagos headland
Carirriñe green chusquea coleou cane Los Ríos, Neuquén mountain pass, river
Carrenleufú Chubut city/town
Catirai callyíi, to cut, and raigheii, the flower of the trees, meaning short flowers [5] Bío-Bío valley
Cau-Cau kawkaw 'seagull' Los Ríos river
Chacay Discaria serratifolia [6] Atacama valley
Chacao protected harbour Los Lagos bay, channel, village
Chapelco chapel (a local bush) water Neuquén mountain, river
Chiguayante "chiguay" fog "antu" sun Bío-Bío city-
Chillán Bío-Bío city
Chiloé chille 'small seagull' and -we 'place' Los Lagos archipelago, island
Chimbarongo crooked head or place between fogs O'Higgins city/town
Choshuenco yellow water Los Ríos city/town, volcano
Cochamó confluence/estuary [4] Los Lagos bay, river, village
Conguillío water with Araucaria araucana pine nuts Araucanía lake
Copahue Bío-Bío volcano
Colhué Huapi red island Chubut lake
Concón place of owls Valparaíso city/town
Coñaripe way of the warrior Los Ríos city/town
Cucao Pteroptochus [4] Los Lagos bay, lake, river
Curarrehue Araucanía city/town
Curicó kurü 'black' and ko 'water' Maule city/town
Curimón kurü 'black' and man (abbreviation of mañke) 'black condor' Valparaíso town, village
Curiñanco kurü 'black' and ñamko 'red-backed hawk' Los Ríos beach, village

D

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Dalcahue place of canoes Los Lagos city/town
Dollinco mussel water Los Lagos river

F

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Futalafquén big lake Chubut lake
Futaleufú big river Chubut, Los Lagos river
Futrono from Futronhue: place of smoke Los Ríos town/city

G

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Guafo from Wafün: tusk Los Lagos island

H

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Hornopirén snow oven Los Lagos village, volcanoonce called Quechucaví; five districts
Huahum Los Ríos, Neuquén mountain pass, river
Huapi island Los Ríos island
Huechuraba clay birthplace Santiago commune/city
Huerquehue place of messengers Araucanía mountains
Huilo-Huilo Los Ríos waterfall

L

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Lácar place of landslides Neuquén lake
Lebu river Bío-Bío city
Licán Ray rock flower Araucanía city/town
Limay clear/clean Neuquén, Río Negro river
Liquiñe Los Ríos town, river, hot springs
Llaima blood veins Araucanía volcano
Llanquihue hidden place Los Lagos, Los Ríos city/town, lake, river
Lolol land of crabs and holes O'Higgins commune/town
Loncoche head of an important person Araucanía city/town
Loncomilla gold of the lonco Maule river
Lonquimay summit Araucanía city/town, volcano

M

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Máfil hugged between rivers Los Ríos town
Maihue wooden glass Los Ríos lake
Maipo Mendoza, Santiago river, valley, volcano
Malalcahuello Araucanía hot springs
Mamuil Malal corral of wooden sticks Araucanía, Neuquén mountain pass, village
Mapocho river of the Mapuche Santiago river
Melipeuco Araucanía city/town
Melipulli four hills Los Lagos city/town
Mulchén people of the west Bío-Bío city/town, river

N

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Nahuelbuta big puma Araucanía, Bío-Bío mountain range
Nahuelhuapi island of the puma Neuquén, Río Negro lake
Nahuel Rucá house of the puma Buenos Aires city/town
Neuquén sweep away Neuquén, Río Negro city/town, river

P

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Panguipulli hill of the puma Los Ríos city/town, lake
Pellaifa Los Ríos lake
Peñalolén fraternal meeting place Santiago city/town
Pichilemu little forest O'Higgins city/town
Pillanleufú river of the devil/spirit Los Ríos river
Pilolcura hollow stone Los Ríos beach, bay
Pirihueico snowy curvy water Los Ríos lake
Pucón entrance Araucanía city/town
Puduhuapi island of the pudu [4] Los Lagos island
Puelo east [4] Chubut, Los Lagos lake, river
Pullinque Los Ríos lake, river
Puyehue place of sweet water fishes Los Lagos, Los Ríos, Neuquén lake, mountain pass, volcano
Punucapa black/fertile earth for legumes Los Ríos village

Q

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Quellón from Queldon; Aristotelia chilensis Los Lagos city/town
Quemchi red/pottery earth Los Lagos city/town
Quetrupillán sleeping pillán Araucanía, Los Ríos volcano
Quiapo originally Cuyapu or Cuyamapu, meaning cuya, weasel and mapu land [7] Bio-Bio hill/river
Quilicura three stones Santiago commune/city

R

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Rahue place of gray clay [4] Los Lagos, Neuquén city/town, river, village
Rancagua place of canes O'Higgins city/town
Ranco Los Ríos city/town, lake
Reloncaví valley district Los Lagos estuary, sound
Riñihue place of Chusquea coleou Los Ríos city/town, lake
Rupanco shaked waters Los Lagos lake

T

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Talca thunder Maule city/town
Talcahuano from tralcam wenu; thundering sky Bío-Bío city
Temuco from "Temu" (Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii)and "Co" water Araucanía city/town
Tinguiririca round/shining quartz O'Higgins city/town, river, volcano
Tolhuaca Araucanía volcano
Traful Neuquén lake
Tralcan thunder Los Ríos mountain
Tromén Neuquén lake, volcano
Tucapel take by force Bío-Bío town

V

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Vitacura big stone Santiago city/town

Y

PlacenameMeaningRegion (Chile)
or Province (Argentina)
TypeComments
Yelcho carry foam Los Lagos lake, river

See also

Related Research Articles

Reynogüelén, also spelled Reinogüelén, Reinohuelén, and Reynohuelén, was the original Mapudungun name of the eastern regions of what are now the communes of Parral in Linares Province, and Ñiquén, and San Carlos communes in the Diguillín Province of the Ñuble Region of Chile. It was also the original name of the upper reaches of the Perquilauquén River that passed through that area. It was later corrupted into Reinohuelén, Reinogüelén, Reinohuelén and Reynohuelén.

Boroa, is a town in Araucanía, Chile on the shores of Cautín River. The region near the town south of the Cautin River between the Boroa and Quepe Rivers was the Moluche aillarehue of Boroa. The site of the town was founded as a Spanish fort San Ignacio de la Redención in 1606 by maestre de campo Rodulfo Lisperger during the Arauco War but it did not remain long after he and his garrison were ambushed. Later in 1649 as a result of the Parliament of Quillín (1647), Martín de Mujica y Buitrón was able to reestablish the fort at Boroa but it was abandoned in 1656 after a long siege during the Mapuche uprising of 1655. One could still find vestiges of the old Spanish fort near the mission at its location at the end of the 19th century.

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Quiapo is a place in Arauco Province of Chile that is 25 kilometers to the southwest of Arauco and about 25 kilometers to the north and east of the port of Lebu to the east of the Bahia del Carnero and 6.4 kilometers west of the small town of Villa Alegre. It was a low mountainous and thickly wooded area, that contained among its contours arable lands that had the same name. It is also the location where two streams come together to form the headwaters of the Quiapo River.

Andalicán during the era of conquest and colonial times in Chile was the name of the high hill in the middle of two ravines and site of a fortress built by the Mapuche in 1557 to prevent García Hurtado de Mendoza from invading La Araucanía north of Marihueñu and the valley of Colcura. This height overlooks the location of the modern city of Lota in Concepción Province of the Bío Bío Region of Chile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milarupu</span>

Melirupu is a place in Arauco Province that is 12 kilometers to the southwest of Arauco, Chile, in the direction of Quiapo. It was a small village of about 300 inhabitants in the late 19th century. The surrounding land had the same name. The Mapudungun name, formed of meli and the alteration of rypy, means "four ways". It later became known as Millarupu, "gold way", and was corrupted into Millarapu or Millarapue or Melirupo.

Pilmaiquén or Pilmayquen (Mapudungun) is a riachuelo in the commune of Cañete in Arauco Province in the Bío Bío Region of Chile that flows southwest towards the coast of the Pacific Ocean to the northwest of the city of Cañete. Its course is short but of great volume and traverses a small valley between wooded mountainous areas where it joins the Licauquén River. This valley was a Moluche rehue of the Tucapel aillarehue and the homeland of the Toqui Caupolicán who commanded the Mapuche in the first revolt against domination by the Spanish Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Cruz de Coya</span>

Santa Cruz de Coya was a city established by the governor of Chile Martín García Oñez de Loyola on the site of the fort of Santa Cruz de Oñez, in 1595. It was named for his wife Beatriz Clara Coya, a member of the royal Incan house. The Mapuche called the city Millacoya, meaning gold princess from the mapudungun milla, gold and the quechua coya, princess.

San Jerónimo de Millapoa was a fort founded by Alonso de Sotomayor in 1585. It dominated the small valleys of the eastern slopes of the Nahuelbuta Range of Catirai, in the upper part of the Culenco River, in the mountainous area 25 kilometers south of the modern commune of Santa Juana. The fort had a small garrison for the defense of that region that left it in the general rising of the Mapuche in 1599. It was repopulated in 1607 under Governor Alonso Garcia Ramon, but it did not last for much longer, always harassed by the Mapuche it was demolished by the Spaniards as part of the peace with Catirai worked out at the May 1612 Parliament of Catirai.

San Cristóbal de La Paz was a fortress in Chile that was established in 1621 by Governor Cristóbal de la Cerda y Sotomayor. It was located five or six kilometers to the southwest of Yumbel on the west shore of the Claro River to the north of its confluence with the Laja River. In 1646 a mission and a small church was established that grew into a settlement with a few inhabitants. In February 1655, both the fort and settlement were destroyed by the Mapuche, and it was reestablished in 1663, under the temporary governor Ángel de Peredo. This settlement lasted until the Mapuche rising of 1766, when it was abandoned and never rebuilt.

Jesús de Huenuraquí was a Spanish fort on heights to the north of the north bank of the Biobío River, next to the site of the modern rail station of Huenuraquí, in the commune of San Rosendo. It is eight kilometers west of San Rosendo and ten kilometers south of the town of Rere, Chile.

Santo Arbol de la Cruz was a fort constructed in 1585 by the Royal Governor of Chile Alonso de Sotomayor. It was located north of the entrance of the Guaqui River into the Bio Bio River near the modern rail station and village of Duiquín.

Fort Tolpán was built in 1657, by order of governor Pedro Porter Casanate by captain Alonso de Cordova y Figueroa on the Tolpán or Trolpán River. The Tolpán River was the name at that time for what is now the lower part of the Renaico River and then the Vergara River from the confluence with the Renaico until where it empties into the Bio Bio River. Tolpán or Trolpán is a contraction of the Mapudungun thol, "in front", and of pagui, "lion", meaning "in front of lion". Located at the confluence of the Renaico and Vergara Rivers, captain Cordova y Figueroa used the fort to operate against the Mapuche lands round about during the Mapuche Insurrection of 1655 but it was abandoned a few years later.

Fort de la Encarnación on the Repocura River was built in 1666 by a team overseen by Juan Ignacio de la Carrera and the orders of the Royal Governor of Chile Francisco de Meneses Brito. It was destroyed during a Mapuche rising in 1694 and rebuilt by Tomás Marín de Poveda with a nearby mission in December of the same year. These were destroyed in the 1723 Mapuche rising. Rebuilt again as Fort Repucura by Governor Antonio de Guill y Gonzaga in 1764, it was destroyed for the last time in the Mapuche uprising of 1766.

Guaqui or Guaque River is a tributary of the Bío Bío River in the Bío Bío Region of Chile. It is a river of great volume with a course of 55 kilometers originating from small streams, that have their source west of the town of Las Canteras; it runs to the west, north of the city of Los Ángeles, and it empties on the right bank of the Bio Bio, immediately south of the small town of Diuquin. Its major tributary is the Rarinco River. Near its mouth was the site of the old fort Santo Arbol de la Cruz. Guaqui, is a derivative of the Mapudungun guaqueñ, "murmur".

Fort Livén was a fort with a small garrison built by Rodrigo de Quiroga in 1575, in the small valley of Livén, nearby the old city of Santa María Magdalena de Villa Rica. In 1585 it fell to the Mapuche cacique Putaén, who was later killed in it. The fort was later destroyed by his wife Janequeo the famous Mapuche heroine that waged war in that valley against the Spaniards to avenge her husband.

Rele River is a river in the commune of Santa Juana. It has its origin to the south southeast of Santa Juana, from where it runs to the northeast from among the slopes of the heights of the Nahuelbuta Range and runs to the east to the Bio Bio River in which it empties a little above the confluence with the Laja River. It a river with a small volume and its course is 20 kilometers long. It has a tributary that joins it from the south, the Riachuelo Millapoa or de las Minas from the gold mines that in the sixteenth century were worked on its banks. Immediately on the north bank of the Rele River from the Millapoa was the location of the old city of Santa Cruz de Coya. At the mouth of the river was the old fort and town of Monterrey de la Frontera. A small town of Monterey now exists nearby. The Mapudungun name comes from the verb relen, “to face up”.

Quilacoya River is located in the Hualqui commune of Concepcion Province of Chile. It has course of about 40 kilometers with a small volume. It originates in the southern slopes of the series of heights of Lucay that run from east to west in the southern part of the commune of Florida. It runs to the southwest to join the Bío Bío River on the North bank nine kilometers above the town of Hualqui.

Fort Virhuenco was a Spanish fort located in what is now Araucanía Region of southern Chile. It was first established by Alonso de Ribera in 1613 as part of his system of frontier forts. It was located in the valley of Virhuén southeast of the city of Angol and in the upper part of the Rehue River near the western part the region of Quechereguas where the high mountains begin. Later it was abandoned or destroyed. Again in 1665 Governor Francisco de Meneses Brito erected there fort San Carlos, which, the Mapuches took and killed all the garrison on May 20, 1667.

San Fabián de Conuco is a fort four kilometers south of the town of Rafael, Chile. It was first established by governor Alonso de Sotomayor in 1584 to secure control of the Coelemu region between the Itata River and Concepcion. It was destroyed and was then restored in 1657 by order of governor Pedro Porter Casanate. The Mapudungun word means water of torcaza from сопu, the bird called the torcaza and from со "water".

The Repocura River of the La Araucanía Region of Chile has its source in the eastern slope of the Nahuelbuta Range northwest of the town of Cholchol and runs towards the southeast to join the Cholchol River on its western bank across from Cholchol. It is wide and of a depth that allows the navigation of small boats. The river crosses flat and fertile fields.

References

  1. Ramirez Sanchez, Carlos. 1988. Toponimia indígena de las provincias de Osorno, Llanquihue y Chiloé. Valdivia, Chile: Universidad Austral de Chile, Dirección de Investigación.
  2. Ibar Bruce, Jorge (1960). "Ensayo sobre los indios chonos e interpretación de sus tiponimias". Anales de la Universidad de Chile (117).
  3. Latorre, Guillermo (1998). "Sustrato y superestrato multilingües en la toponimia del extremo sur de Chile". Estudios Filológicos (in Spanish). 33: 55–67.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nombres de lugar indigena de Osorno, Llanquihue y Chiloé Archived 2006-07-03 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile (Geographic dictionary of the Republic of Chile), SEGUNDA EDICIÓN CORREGIDA Y AUMENTADA, NUEVA YORK, D. APPLETON Y COMPAÑÍA, 1899. pg. 135
  6. Algunos topónimos indígenas de la zona de Copiapó Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, p. 613-14

Sources