List of Muisca toponyms

Last updated

The Muisca Confederation Mapa del Territorio Muisca.svg
The Muisca Confederation

This list contains the toponyms (place names) in Muisca, the language of the Muisca who inhabited the Colombian Altiplano Cundiboyacense before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca in the 1530s. The name of the language of the Muisca is called Chibcha, Muisca or, in its own language, Muysccubun. Muisca means "man", "person" or "people".

Contents

Most names of the Muisca have been kept by the Spanish colonists, though some are slightly altered through time. A number of names refer to the farmfields () or other geographical features of the region. [1] [2] The name of the department of Cundinamarca is an exception, it is inferred the name comes not from Chibcha, yet from Quechua, meaning condor's nest. [3]

Chibcha language toponyms outside the Muisca Confederation territories, such as the Guane, Lache, U'wa or Sutagao and Spanish language toponyms within the Muisca Confederation are not included.

Muisca toponyms

(Modern) name
bold is capital
Department
bold is capital
Ruler(s)
bold is seat
Meaning(s) in Muysccubun
bold is personal name
NotesMap
Bogotá
Bogotá Formation
Bogotá River
Bogotá savanna
Bacatá
Muequetá
Cundinamarca , Capital District zipa (Enclosure) outside the farm fields [2] [4] [5] [6]
Black pog.svg
Colombia Bogota location map.png
Tunja
Hunza
Boyacá zaque Proud lord [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Tunja.svg
Duitama
Tundama
Tundama Province
Boyacá Tundama Named after cacique Tundama [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Duitama.svg
Sogamoso
Suamox
Sugamuxi Province
Boyacá iraca Dwelling of the Sun (Sué) [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Sogamoso.svg
Arcabuco
Arcabuco Formation
Boyacá cacique Place of the intricate scrublands
Place enclosed by the hills
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Arcabuco.svg
Betéitiva Boyacá cacique Chief of the mouth
Named after cacique Betacín
[1] [7]
Colombia - Boyaca - Beteitiva.svg
Boavita Boyacá cacique Point on the hill worshipping the Sun
Gate of the Sun
[1] [8]
Colombia - Boyaca - Boavita.svg
Boyacá
Boyacá Department
Boyacá zaque Region of the blankets
Enclosure of the cacique
[1] [9]
Colombia - Boyaca - Boyaca.svg
Busbanzá Boyacá iraca Named after cacique Boazá [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Busbanza.svg
Cerinza Boyacá Tundama My throat
Named after cacique Cerinza
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Cerinza.svg
Chinavita Boyacá zaque Our point or illuminated hill top [1] [10]
Colombia - Boyaca - Chinavita.svg
Chiquinquirá
Chiquinquirá Sandstone
Chiquinquirá Valley
Boyacá cacique Place of swamps covered with fog
Also: Holy people, because of the
Fúquene Lake ceremonies
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Chiquinquira.svg
Chíquiza Boyacá zaque Only or alone, Chiqui means priest
Hairy field
[1] [11]
Colombia - Boyaca - Chiquiza.svg
Chitagoto
part of Paz de Río
Boyacá Tundama From cacique Chitagoto [12]
Colombia - Boyaca - Paz del Rio.svg
Chitaraque Boyacá zaque Our vigorous farmfields from before [1] [13]
Colombia - Boyaca - Chitaraque.svg
Chivatá Boyacá zaque Our outside farmfields [1] [14]
Colombia - Boyaca - Chivata.svg
Chivor
Chivor Mine
Boyacá cacique Our farmfields - our mother
Green and rich land
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Chivor.svg
Ciénega Boyacá zaque Place of water [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Cienega.svg
Cómbita Boyacá cacique Force of the summit
Hand of the jaguar and wheel of life
[1] [15]
Colombia - Boyaca - Combita.svg
Covarachía Boyacá cacique Land of the Sun and the Moon
Cave of the Moon
[1] [16]
Colombia - Boyaca - Covarachia.svg
Cucaita Boyacá zaque Seminary enclosure
Shade of the farming fields
[1] [17]
Colombia - Boyaca - Cucaita.svg
Cuítiva Boyacá iraca Similarity to the chief [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Cuitiva.svg
Firavitoba Boyacá iraca Air of clouds [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Firavitoba.svg
Gachantivá Boyacá zaque Chief of the Gacha [1] [18]
Colombia - Boyaca - Gachantiva.svg
Gámeza Boyacá iraca Serf of the Sun [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Gameza.svg
Garagoa Boyacá zaque Behind the hill
On the other side of the hill
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Garagoa.svg
Guateque
Guatoc
Boyacá cacique Stream of the ravine
Lord of the winds
[1] [19]
Colombia - Boyaca - Guateque.svg
Guayatá Boyacá cacique Domain of the female cacique
From Guaya (creek in Tenza) and "tá" (farmfields or land over there)
[1] [20]
Colombia - Boyaca - Guayata.svg
Iza
Iza—Paipa volcanic complex
Boyacá iraca Place of healing [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Iza.svg
Lengupá Province
Lengupá River
Boyacá zaque "Len": site; "Gua": of the river; "Paba": father or chief [21]
Colombia - Boyaca - Lengupa.svg
Macanal
Macanal Formation
Boyacá zaque From: Macana: palm tree or garrote [1] [22]
Colombia - Boyaca - Macanal.svg
Mongua Boyacá iraca Bath on the hill
Sunrise
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Mongua.svg
Moniquirá
Moniquirá River
Boyacá cacique Place of bath [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Moniquira.svg
Motavita Boyacá zaque Washing place to prepare for growing crops [23]
Colombia - Boyaca - Motavita.svg
Nobsa Boyacá Tundama Decent bath of today [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Nobsa.svg
Oicatá Boyacá zaque Domain of the priests
Hailstoned farmlands
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Oicata.svg
Pachavita Boyacá zaque Peak of the man
Proud chief
[1] [24]
Colombia - Boyaca - Pachavita.svg
Paipa
Iza—Paipa volcanic complex
Boyacá Tundama Named after the cacique of the Paipa people [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Paipa.svg
Paya Boyacá cacique People of hope [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Paya.svg
Pesca Boyacá iraca Strong enclosure
Domain of the fortress
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Pesca.svg
Pisba
PNN Pisba
Boyacá cacique Honourable domain from before [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Pisba.svg
Ramiriquí
Ramaraquí
Boyacá zaque White earth
Ca-Mi-Quiqui
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Ramiriqui.svg
Ráquira Boyacá cacique Village of the pans [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Raquira.svg
Saboyá Boyacá cacique Taste for the blankets
Named after cacique Saboyá
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Saboya.svg
Sáchica Boyacá zaque our present domain
fortress or mansion of the sovereign
[1] [25]
Colombia - Boyaca - Sachica.svg
San Miguel de Sema Boyacá zaque Named after the Sema tribe, part of the Muisca [1] [26]
Colombia - Boyaca - San Miguel de Sema.svg
Sativanorte Boyacá Tundama Named after the caciqueSátiva [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Sativanorte.svg
Sativasur Boyacá Tundama Named after the caciqueSátiva [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Sativasur.svg
Siachoque Boyacá zaque Land of the vigorous taste
Place of good smells and strong and vigorous cultures
[1] [27]
Colombia - Boyaca - Siachoque.svg
Soatá
Soatá Formation
Boyacá Tundama Farmfields of the Sun [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Soata.svg
Socotá
Socotá Formation
Boyacá iraca
Tundama
Good harvest
Land of the Sun and farmfields
[1] [28]
Colombia - Boyaca - Socota.svg
Somondoco Boyacá zaque So = stone, Mon = bath, Co = support
Named after cacique Somendoco or Sumindoco
[1] [29]
Colombia - Boyaca - Somondoco.svg
Sora Boyacá zaque Devil worshipper [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Sora.svg
Soracá Boyacá zaque Ruling mansion of the sovereign [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Soraca.svg
Sotaquirá Boyacá zaque Town of the sovereign [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Sotaquira.svg
Susacón Boyacá Tundama Ally of the cacique Susa [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Susacon.svg
Sutamarchán Boyacá zaque Merchant of the sovereign Suta
Marchán refers to 18th century encomendero Pedro Merchan de Velasco
[1] [30]
Colombia - Boyaca - Sutamarchan.svg
Sutatenza Boyacá zaque Cloud behind the mouth
Descending to the house of the cacique
[1] [31]
Colombia - Boyaca - Sutatenza.svg
Tenza
Tenza Valley
Tanazuca
Boyacá cacique Behind the mouth
Going down at night
[1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Tenza.svg
Tibaná Boyacá zaque Named after Tibanaes
"Tiba" means chief
[1] [32]
Colombia - Boyaca - Tibana.svg
Tibasosa
Tibasosa Formation
Boyacá Tundama
iraca
Chief of the domain [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Tibasosa.svg
Tinjacá Boyacá zaque Enclosure of the powerful lord [1] [33]
Colombia - Boyaca - Tinjaca.svg
Tipacoque Boyacá zaque Name of the hacienda of the Augustines
Dependency of the zaque
[1] [34]
Colombia - Boyaca - Tipacoque.svg
Toca Boyacá iraca Domain of the river [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Toca.svg
Togüí Boyacá zaque River of the wife or house of the dog [1] [35]
Colombia - Boyaca - Togui.svg
Tópaga Boyacá cacique Behind father river [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Topaga.svg
Tota
Lake Tota
Boyacá iraca Farmfields of the river [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Tota.svg
Turmequé Boyacá zaque Vigorous chief [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Turmeque.svg
Tuta Boyacá zaqueBorrowed farmlands or Property of the Sun
Named after the Tuta tribe
[1] [36]
Colombia - Boyaca - Tuta.svg
Tutazá Boyacá cacique Named after cacique Tutazúa; son of the Sun [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Tutaza.svg
Úmbita Boyacá cacique Your point, your summit, summit of the farmlands [1]
Colombia - Boyaca - Umbita.svg
Viracachá Boyacá zaque Air of the lake or lord of the enclosure of the wind [1] [37]
Colombia - Boyaca - Viracacha.svg
Zetaquira Boyacá zaque Land of the snake or City of the snake [1] [38]
Colombia - Boyaca - Zetaquira.svg
Bojacá
Bojacá River
Cundinamarca zipa Purple enclosure [3] [39]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Bojaca.svg
Cajicá Cundinamarca zipa From ca and jica; "stone fortress"
From the cacique Cajic
[40] [41]
[40]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Cajica.svg
Cáqueza
Cáqueza Group
Cundinamarca zipa Region or enclosure without forest [42]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Caqueza.svg
Chía
Chía Formation
Cundinamarca zipa Named after Chía , Moon goddess [43]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Chia.svg
Chipaque
Chipaque Formation
Cundinamarca cacique Derived from Chipapabacue; Forest of our ancestors [44]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Chipaque.svg
Choachí Cundinamarca zipa Derived from Chi-gua-chí; our mountain of the Moon [45]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Choachi.svg
Chocontá Cundinamarca zipa Farmlands of the good ally [46]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Choconta.svg
Cogua Cundinamarca zipa Support of the hill [47]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Cogua.svg
Cota Cundinamarca zipa From personal name Gota or cota; "curl" [48]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Cota.svg
Cucunubá Cundinamarca zipa Similarity to a face [3] [49]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Cucunuba.svg
Facatativá Cundinamarca zipa Strong enclosure at the end of the plains [50]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Facatativa.svg
Fómeque
Fómeque Formation
Cundinamarca zipa Your forest of the foxes [51]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Fomeque.svg
Funza
Funza River
Cundinamarca zipa Powerful lord [52]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Funza.svg
Fúquene
Lake Fúquene
Cundinamarca zipa
zaque
From and quyny; bed of the fox
Named after the god Fu; bed of Fu
[53]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Fuquene.svg
Gachancipá Cundinamarca zipa Pottery of the zipa [54]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Gachancipa.svg
Gachalá Cundinamarca cacique Clay vessel or defeat of the night [55]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Gachala.svg
Gachetá
Gachetá Formation
Cundinamarca cacique Behind our farmfields [56]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Gacheta.svg
Gama Cundinamarca cacique Our back [57]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Gama.svg
Guachetá Cundinamarca cacique Farmlands of the hill [58]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Guacheta.svg
Guasca Cundinamarca zipa From guâ and shucâ; skirt of the mountain range [59]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Guasca.svg
Guatavita
Lake Guatavita
Cundinamarca cacique End of the farmlands [60]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Guatavita.svg
Lenguazaque Cundinamarca zaque End of the reign of the zaque [61]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Lenguazaque.svg
Machetá Cundinamarca zaque Your honourable farmfields [62] [63]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Macheta.svg
Manta Cundinamarca cacique Your farmfields [64]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Manta.svg
Nemocón Cundinamarca zipa From Enemocón; sadness of the warrior
Named after Nemequene
[64] [65]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Nemocon.svg
Pacho
Guataque or Gotaque
Cundinamarca zipa Good father
"Gua" = mountain, "tha"; strong and "que"; elevated; strong elevated mountain
[64] [66]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Pacho.svg
Pasca Cundinamarca zipa Father's enclosure [67]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Pasca.svg
Quetame
Quetame Group
Cundinamarca cacique Our farmfields of the mountain [68]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Quetame.svg
Sesquilé Cundinamarca zipa Hot water [69]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Sesquile.svg
Sibaté Cundinamarca zipa Leak of the lake [70]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Sibate.svg
Simijaca
Simijaca Formation
Cundinamarca zaque (<1490)
zipa (1490-1537)
Blue circle or nose of the white owl [71]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Simijaca.svg
Soacha
Soacha Province
Soacha River
Cundinamarca zipa Súa; Sun god Sué and chá; Man of the Sun [72]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Soacha.svg
Sopó Cundinamarca zipa Rock or strong hill [73]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Sopo.svg
Subachoque
Subachoque River
Subachoque Formation
Cundinamarca zipa Work of the Sun
Farmfields of the front
[74]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Subachoque.svg
Suesca
Lake Suesca
Cundinamarca zipa Rock of the birds or Tail of the macaw [75] [76]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Suesca.svg
Susa Cundinamarca zaque (<1490)
zipa (1490-1537)
White reed or soft reed [77]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Susa.svg
Sutatausa Cundinamarca zipa Small tribute [78]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Sutatausa.svg
Tabio Cundinamarca zipa Mouth [of the river] [79]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Tabio.svg
Tausa Cundinamarca zipa Tribute [80]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Tausa.svg
Tena
Zuca
Cundinamarca zipa Place of rest for the zipa [81]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Tena.svg
Tenjo Cundinamarca zipa In the mouth [82]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Tenjo.svg
Tequendama
Tequendama Falls
Tequendama Province
Cundinamarca zipa He who precipitates downward [83]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Tequendama.svg
Tibacuy Cundinamarca zipa
Panche
Official chief [84]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Tibacuy.svg
Tibiritá Cundinamarca zaque [ citation needed ]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Tibirita.svg
Tocancipá Cundinamarca zipa Valley of the joys of the zipa [85]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Tocancipa.svg
Ubalá Cundinamarca cacique Place on the hillside or At the foot of the hillside [86]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Ubala.svg
Ubaque Cundinamarca cacique From Ybaque; blooding Eucalyptus tree or from Ebaque [87]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Ubaque.svg
Ubaté
Ubaté Province
Ubaté River
Ubaté Valley
Cundinamarca zaque (<1490)
zipa (1490-1537)
Sower of the mouth or blooded land [88]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Ubate.svg
Une
Une Formation
Cundinamarca cacique Drop it or mud [89] [90]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Une.svg
Zipacón Cundinamarca zipa Crying of the zipa [91]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Zipaquira.svg
Zipaquirá Cundinamarca zipa City of our father [37]
Colombia - Cundinamarca - Zipaquira.svg
Charalá Santander cacique Named after the Guane cacique Chalala [92]
Colombia - Santander - Charala.svg
Chipatá Santander cacique "chi" = our, "pa" = father, "tá" = farmland
Named after cacique Chipatá
[93] [94]
Colombia - Santander - Chipata.svg
Onzaga Santander Tundama From cacique Hunzaá [95]
Colombia - Santander - Onzaga.svg
Bosa Cundinamarca zipa Enclosure of the one who guards and defends the cornfields [96]
Bogota - Bosa.svg
Engativá Cundinamarca zipa From Ingativá; Cacique of the land of the Sun
Engue-tivá; captain of the delicious [people]
[96]
Bogota - Engativa.svg
Fontibón Cundinamarca zipa Powerful chief [96] [51]
Bogota - Fontibon.svg
Suba
Suba Hills
Cundinamarca zipa From "sua"; Sun and "sie"; water
From "uba"; fruit or flower and "sua"; Sun; Flower of the Sun
[96] [97]
Bogota - Suba.svg
Teusaquillo Cundinamarca zipa From Teusacá; borrowed enclosure [96]
Bogota - Teusaquillo.svg
Tunjuelito
Tunjuelo Formation
Tunjuelo River
Cundinamarca zipa Diminutive form of tunjo ; anthropomorph made of gold [98]
Bogota - Tunjuelito.svg
Usaquén Cundinamarca zipa From cacique Usaque; Usaque means "under the pole" [99]
Bogota - Usaquen.svg
Usme
Usme Fault
Usme Formation
Cundinamarca zipa Nest of love [100]
Bogota - Usme.svg
El Chicó Cundinamarca zipa Chicó comes from chicú; "our ally" [101]
Red pog.svg
Administrative map of Distrito Capital (Colombia).svg
Techo
Techo wetland
Cundinamarca zipa From cacique Techitina [102]
Red pog.svg
Administrative map of Distrito Capital (Colombia).svg
Chingaza Cundinamarca zipa
Guayupe
Middle of the width [103]
Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza map es.png
Siecha Lakes Cundinamarca zipa House of the Lord [104]
Blue pog.svg
Colombia Cundinamarca (+Distrito Capital) location map (+urban areas +locator map).svg
Tibabuyes Cundinamarca zipa Land of the farmers [105]
Blue pog.svg
Administrative map of Distrito Capital (Colombia).svg
Maiporé Cundinamarca zipa Welcome [106]
Blue pog.svg
Colombia Cundinamarca (+Distrito Capital) location map (+urban areas +locator map).svg

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chibcha language</span> Extinct language of Colombia, spoken by the Muisca

Chibcha, Mosca, Muisca, Muysca, or Muysca de Bogotá was a language spoken by the Muisca people of the Muisca Confederation, one of the many indigenous cultures of the Americas. The Muisca inhabited the Altiplano Cundiboyacense of what today is the country of Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simijaca</span> Municipality and town in Cundinamarca, Colombia

Simijaca is a town and municipality in the Ubaté Province, part of the Cundinamarca Department, Colombia. The town centre is located at an altitude of 2,559 metres (8,396 ft) on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at 136 kilometres (85 mi) from the capital Bogotá. Simijaca borders the Boyacá municipalities Chiquinquirá and Caldas in the north, Susa and Carmen de Carupa in the south, Caldas in the west and San Miguel de Sema in the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boyacá, Boyacá</span> Municipality and town in Boyacá Department, Colombia

Boyacá is a town and municipality in the Márquez Province, part of the department of Boyacá, Colombia. It is located approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the city of Tunja, the capital of the department. Boyacá limits Tunja and Soracá in the north, Jenesano in the south, Nuevo Colón and Ramiriquí in the west and Ventaquemada in the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Altiplano Cundiboyacense</span> Plateau in the Columbian Andes

The Altiplano Cundiboyacense is a high plateau located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes covering parts of the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá. The altiplano corresponds to the ancient territory of the Muisca. The Altiplano Cundiboyacense comprises three distinctive flat regions; the Bogotá savanna, the valleys of Ubaté and Chiquinquirá, and the valleys of Duitama and Sogamoso. The average altitude of the altiplano is about 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) above sea level but ranges from roughly 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) to 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Motavita</span> Municipality and town in Boyacá Department, Colombia

Motavita is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the subregion of the Central Boyacá Province. It covers approximately 62 square kilometres (24 sq mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chivor</span> Town and municipality in Boyacá, Colombia

Chivor is a town and municipality in the Eastern Boyacá Province, part of the Colombian department of Boyacá. The mean temperature of the village in the Tenza Valley is 18 °C (64 °F) and Chivor is located at 215 kilometres (134 mi) from the department capital Tunja. Economic activity includes emerald mining.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guateque</span> Municipality and town in Boyacá Department, Colombia

Guateque is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the subregion of the Eastern Boyacá Province. Guateque's urban center is located at an altitude of 1,815 metres (5,955 ft) on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at distances of 125 kilometres (78 mi) from the department capital Tunja and 112 kilometres (70 mi) from Bogotá, capital of Colombia. It borders the municipalities of La Capilla, Tenza, Sutatenza, Somondoco of Boyacá and Tibiritá and Manta of Cundinamarca.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viracachá</span> Municipality and town in Boyacá Department, Colombia

Viracachá is a town and municipality in the Márquez Province, Colombia, part of the Colombian department of Boyacá. Viracachá is situated on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at 22 kilometres (14 mi) from the department capital Tunja and the small urban center at 2,520 metres (8,270 ft) above sea level. Other parts of Viracachá reach 3,200 metres (10,500 ft). The municipality borders Siachoque, Rondón and Soracá in the north and east, in the south Ciénega and Ciénega, Soracá and Ramiriquí in the west.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerinza</span> Municipality and town in Boyacá Department, Colombia

Cerinza is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, and part of the Tundama Province subregion. Cerinza borders Belén in the north, Encino, Santander in the west, Santa Rosa de Viterbo in the south and Floresta and Betéitiva in the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Machetá</span> Municipality and town in Cundinamarca, Colombia


Machetá is a municipality and town of Colombia in Almeidas Province of the department of Cundinamarca. Machetá is situated on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at 82.6 kilometres (51.3 mi) from the capital Bogotá and 74.3 kilometres (46.2 mi) from Tunja. It borders Tibiritá and Manta in the east, Chocontá and Sesquilé in the west and Guatavita and Gachetá in the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemocón</span> Place in Cundinamarca, Colombia

Nemocón is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Central Savanna Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca. Nemocón, famous for its salt mine, was an important village in the Muisca Confederation, the country in the central Colombian Andes before the arrival of the Spanish. The municipality is situated in the northern part of the Bogotá savanna, part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense with its urban centre at an altitude of 2,585 metres (8,481 ft) and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from the capital Bogotá. Nemocón is the northeasternmost municipality of the Metropolitan Area of Bogotá and the Bogotá River originates close to Nemocón. The median temperature of Nemocón is 12.8 °C. The municipality borders Tausa in the north, Suesca and Gachancipá in the east, Tocancipá and Zipaquirá in the south and in the west the rivers Checua and Neusa and the municipality of Cogua.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pacho</span> Municipality and town in Cundinamarca, Colombia

Pacho is a municipality and town of Colombia in the department of Cundinamarca. Pacho is part of the Rionegro Province and the urban centre is situated at a distance of 88 kilometres (55 mi) from the capital Bogotá at an altitude of 2,136 metres (7,008 ft), while the altitude ranges from 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) to 3,700 metres (12,100 ft). The municipality borders San Cayetano, Villagómez and Topaipí in the north, Supatá and Subachoque in the south, Vergara and El Peñón in the west and in the east Zipaquirá, Tausa and Cogua.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tausa</span> Municipality and town in Cundinamarca, Colombia

Tausa is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Ubaté Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca. Tausa is and was an important town on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense due to its salt mine. It was the third most prolific salt deposit for the original inhabitants of the area; the Muisca. Tausa's urban centre is located at an elevation of 2,950 metres (9,680 ft) and a distance of 65 kilometres (40 mi) from the capital Bogotá. The municipality borders San Cayetano, Carmen de Carupa and Sutatausa in the north, Pacho in the west, Sutatausa, Cucunubá and Suesca in the east and in the south with Nemocón and Cogua.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bogotá savanna</span> Motane savanna in Altiplano Cundiboyacense

The Bogotá savanna is a montane savanna, located in the southwestern part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the center of Colombia. The Bogotá savanna has an extent of 4,251.6 square kilometres (1,641.6 sq mi) and an average altitude of 2,650 metres (8,690 ft). The savanna is situated in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aquiminzaque</span> Tribal ruler

Aquiminzaque was the last hoa of Hunza, on which the Spanish city of Tunja was built, reigning from 1537 until his death. His psihipqua counterpart in the southern area of the Muisca was Sagipa. Aquiminzaque was for the Muisca what Túpac Amaru was for the Inca; and as the Inca leader, Quiminza was executed by decapitation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muisca Confederation</span> Former Andean highlands confederation

The Muisca Confederation was a loose confederation of different Muisca rulers in the central Andean highlands of what is today Colombia before the Spanish conquest of northern South America. The area, presently called Altiplano Cundiboyacense, comprised the current departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca and minor parts of Santander.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">José Domingo Duquesne</span> Colombian theologist and scientist

José Domingo Duquesne was a Colombian clergyman, theologist, scientist and writer. Polyglot Duquesne spoke Spanish, French, Latin, Greek, Italian and Chibcha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women in Muisca society</span>

This article describes the role of women in the society of the Muisca. The Muisca are the original inhabitants of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca in the first half of the 16th century. Their society was one of the four great civilizations of the Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Fúquene</span>

Lake Fúquene is a heart-shaped lake located in the Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley, part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, in the north of Cundinamarca, Colombia, at the border with Boyacá. The Andean lake, at an average altitude of 2,540 metres (8,330 ft), was considered sacred in the religion of the Muisca who inhabited the area before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca in the 1530s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish conquest of the Muisca</span> Part of the Spanish conquest of Colombia

The Spanish conquest of the Muisca took place from 1537 to 1540. The Muisca were the inhabitants of the central Andean highlands of Colombia before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. They were organised in a loose confederation of different rulers; the psihipqua of Muyquytá, with his headquarters in Funza, the hoa of Hunza, the iraca of the sacred City of the Sun Sugamuxi, the Tundama of Tundama, and several other independent caciques. The most important rulers at the time of the conquest were psihipqua Tisquesusa, hoa Eucaneme, iraca Sugamuxi and Tundama in the northernmost portion of their territories. The Muisca were organised in small communities of circular enclosures, with a central square where the bohío of the cacique was located. They were called "Salt People" because of their extraction of salt in various locations throughout their territories, mainly in Zipaquirá, Nemocón, and Tausa. For the main part self-sufficient in their well-organised economy, the Muisca traded with the European conquistadors valuable products as gold, tumbaga, and emeralds with their neighbouring indigenous groups. In the Tenza Valley, to the east of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense where the majority of the Muisca lived, they extracted emeralds in Chivor and Somondoco. The economy of the Muisca was rooted in their agriculture with main products maize, yuca, potatoes, and various other cultivations elaborated on elevated fields. Agriculture had started around 3000 BCE on the Altiplano, following the preceramic Herrera Period and a long epoch of hunter-gatherers since the late Pleistocene. The earliest archaeological evidence of inhabitation in Colombia, and one of the oldest in South America, has been found in El Abra, dating to around 12,500 years BP.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 (in Spanish) Etymology Municipalities Boyacá - Excelsio.net
  2. 1 2 (in Spanish) ta - Muysccubun Dictionary
  3. 1 2 3 (in Spanish) Etymology municipalities Cundinamarca - El Tiempo
  4. (in Spanish) Etymology Bacatá Archived 2016-10-07 at the Wayback Machine - Banco de la República
  5. (in Spanish) bac - Muysccubun Dictionary
  6. BD Bacatá at Emporis.com
  7. (in Spanish) Official website Betéitiva [ permanent dead link ]
  8. (in Spanish) Official website Boavita Archived 2015-06-02 at archive.today
  9. (in Spanish) Official website Boyacá Archived 2015-05-30 at archive.today
  10. (in Spanish) Official website Chinavita Archived 2015-05-31 at archive.today
  11. (in Spanish) Official website Chíquiza Archived 2015-05-29 at archive.today
  12. (in Spanish) Etymology Chitagoto
  13. (in Spanish) Official website Chitaraque Archived 2015-06-03 at archive.today
  14. (in Spanish) Official website Chivatá Archived 2015-05-29 at archive.today
  15. (in Spanish) Official website Cómbita Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
  16. (in Spanish) Official website Covarachía Archived 2015-06-02 at archive.today
  17. (in Spanish) Official website Cucaita Archived 2015-05-29 at archive.today
  18. (in Spanish) Official website Gachantivá Archived 2015-06-03 at archive.today
  19. (in Spanish) Official website Guateque Archived 2015-06-02 at archive.today
  20. (in Spanish) Official website Guayatá [ permanent dead link ]
  21. (in Spanish) Etymology Lengupá
  22. (in Spanish) Official website Macanal
  23. Ocampo López, 2001, p.84
  24. (in Spanish) Official website Pachavita
  25. (in Spanish) Official website Sáchica Archived 2018-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
  26. (in Spanish) Official website San Miguel de Sema
  27. (in Spanish) Official website Siachoque
  28. (in Spanish) Etymology Socotá
  29. (in Spanish) Official website Somondoco
  30. (in Spanish) Official website Sutamarchán
  31. (in Spanish) Official website Sutatenza Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
  32. (in Spanish) Official website Tibaná
  33. (in Spanish) Official website Tinjacá
  34. (in Spanish) Official website Tipacoque
  35. (in Spanish) Official website Togüí
  36. (in Spanish) Official website Tuta Archived 2015-05-29 at archive.today
  37. 1 2 Espejo Olaya, 1999, p.1126
  38. (in Spanish) Official website Zetaquirá Archived 2014-03-10 at archive.today
  39. (in Spanish) Official website Bojacá Archived 2017-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
  40. 1 2 Román, 2008, p.288
  41. (in Spanish) History and etymology of Cajicá Archived 2016-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
  42. (in Spanish) Official website Cáqueza
  43. (in Spanish) Etymology Chía
  44. (in Spanish) Official website Chipaque Archived 2014-03-10 at archive.today
  45. (in Spanish) Official website Choachí Archived 2017-06-18 at the Wayback Machine
  46. (in Spanish) Official website Chocontá Archived 2014-03-10 at archive.today
  47. (in Spanish) Official website Cogua Archived 2015-05-20 at archive.today
  48. (in Spanish) Article Muiscuismos on es:wiki
  49. (in Spanish) Official website Cucunubá Archived 2015-05-22 at archive.today
  50. (in Spanish) Official website Facatativá Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
  51. 1 2 Espejo Olaya, 1999, p.1119
  52. (in Spanish) Official website Funza Archived 2015-12-21 at the Wayback Machine
  53. (in Spanish) Official website Fúquene Archived 2019-06-16 at the Wayback Machine
  54. (in Spanish) Official website Gachancipá Archived 2014-03-10 at archive.today
  55. (in Spanish) Official website Gachalá Archived 2017-07-10 at the Wayback Machine
  56. (in Spanish) Official website Gachetá Archived 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
  57. (in Spanish) Official website Gama Archived 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
  58. (in Spanish) Official website Guachetá Archived 2017-07-09 at the Wayback Machine
  59. (in Spanish) Official website Guasca Archived 2017-07-11 at the Wayback Machine
  60. (in Spanish) Official website Guatavita Archived 2016-01-30 at the Wayback Machine
  61. (in Spanish) Official website Lenguazaque Archived 2015-05-22 at archive.today
  62. (in Spanish) Official website Machetá Archived 2017-06-06 at the Wayback Machine
  63. Espejo Olaya, 1999, p.1120
  64. 1 2 3 Espejo Olaya, 1999, p.1121
  65. (in Spanish) Official website Nemocón Archived 2015-05-20 at archive.today
  66. (in Spanish) Official website Pacho Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
  67. Espejo Olaya, 1999, p.1122
  68. (in Spanish) Official website Quetame
  69. (in Spanish) Official website Sesquilé
  70. (in Spanish) Official website Sibaté Archived 2015-05-20 at archive.today
  71. Espejo Olaya, 1999, p.1123
  72. (in Spanish) Official website Soacha Archived 2016-02-13 at the Wayback Machine
  73. (in Spanish) Official website Sopó Archived 2016-02-21 at the Wayback Machine
  74. (in Spanish) Official website Subachoque
  75. (in Spanish) Official website Suesca Archived 2015-05-15 at archive.today
  76. (in Spanish) Etymology Suesca Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine - Banco de la República
  77. (in Spanish) Official website Susa
  78. (in Spanish) Official website Sutatausa Archived 2016-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
  79. (in Spanish) Official website Tabio Archived 2015-05-20 at archive.today
  80. Espejo Olaya, 1999, p.1124
  81. (in Spanish) Official website Tena
  82. (in Spanish) Official website Tenjo
  83. (in Spanish) Etymology Tequendama Archived 2017-08-13 at the Wayback Machine
  84. (in Spanish) Official website Tibacuy
  85. (in Spanish) Official website Tocancipá
  86. (in Spanish) Etymology Ubalá
  87. (in Spanish) Official website Ubaque Archived 2017-10-13 at the Wayback Machine
  88. Espejo Olaya, 1999, p.1125
  89. (in Spanish) Official website Une Archived 2015-05-17 at archive.today
  90. (in Spanish) une - Muysccubun Dictionary
  91. (in Spanish) Official website Zipacón
  92. (in Spanish) Official website Charalá Archived 2015-06-05 at archive.today
  93. Espejo Olaya, 1999, p.1118
  94. (in Spanish) Official website Chipatá Archived 2015-06-07 at archive.today
  95. (in Spanish) Official website Onzaga Archived 2017-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
  96. 1 2 3 4 5 (in Spanish) Etymology localities of Bogotá
  97. (in Spanish) Etymology Suba
  98. (in Spanish) Etymology Tunjuelito
  99. (in Spanish) Etymology Usaquén
  100. (in Spanish) Etymology Usme - El Tiempo
  101. (in Spanish) Etymology El Chicó
  102. (in Spanish) Etymology Techo [ permanent dead link ]
  103. (in Spanish) Etymology Chingaza [ permanent dead link ]
  104. (in Spanish) Etymology of the Siecha Lakes
  105. (in Spanish) Etymology Tibabuyes
  106. (in Spanish) Etymology Maiporé Archived 2016-07-01 at the Wayback Machine

Bibliography