List of Muisca and pre-Muisca scholars

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This list contains Muisca and pre-Muisca scholars; researchers, historians, archaeologists, anthropologists and other investigators who have contributed to the current knowledge of the Muisca and their ancestors of the prehistory of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and of the preceramic and ceramic Herrera Periods.

Contents

Other than the Mesoamericanists and scholars of the Incas, Muisca scholars are not too abundant. Most of the early Muisca knowledge comes from the Spanish conquistadores and missionaries working in the Americas.

List of Muisca and pre-Muisca scholars

NameCentury [1] Main topicsNotable worksImage
Joaquín Acosta 19th Geology, natural history, biographies, numerals Compendio histórico del descubrimiento y colonización de la Nueva Granada en el siglo décimo sexto [2]
Pedro de Aguado 16th History Recopilación historial [3]
Jesús Arango Cano 20th Mythology, religion Mitos, leyendas y dioses chibchas [4]
Sylvia M. Broadbent 20th Agriculture Investigaciones arqueológicas en el Territorio Chibcha [5]
Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff 21st Archaeology, agriculture En busca de los primeros agricultores del Altiplano Cundiboyacense [6]
Juan de Castellanos 16th Poetry, conquest, ethnography, ethnology Elegías de varones ilustres de Indias [7]
Ricardo Moros Urbina 000.jpg
Gonzalo Correal Urrego 21st Archaeology, Aguazuque, Tequendama Aguazuque: Evidence of hunter-gatherers and growers on the high plains of the Eastern Ranges [8]
José Domingo Duquesne 18th Calendar Disertación sobre el calendario de los muyscas, indios naturales de este Nuevo Reino de Granada [9]
Marcos Jiménez de la Espada 19thPublication of Epítome Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada, N.N., 1979 (1887) [10]
Jimenezespada.jpg
Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita 17th History, conquest, mythology, religion Historia general de las conquistas del Nuevo Reino de Granada [11]
Juan Friede 20th Ethnology, history, Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada Los Chibchas bajo la dominación española [12]
Jorge Gamboa Mendoza 21st History, anthropology, conquest Los muiscas, grupos indígenas del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Una nueva propuesta sobre su organizacíon socio-política y su evolucíon en el siglo XVI [13]
Ana María Groot 21st Anthropology, archaeology, Muisca women, Checua Checua: Una secuencia cultural entre 8500 y 3000 años antes del presente [14]
Ana Maria Groot.jpg
Thomas van der Hammen 21st Geology, biodiversity, botany, El Abra, prehistory, Lake Humboldt Stratigraphy and environment of the Upper Quaternary of the El Abra corridor and rock shelters (Colombia) [15]
Alexander von Humboldt 19th Geography, biodiversity, calendar, numerals, et al.Le voyage aux régions equinoxiales du Nouveau Continent [16]
Alexander von Humboldt-selfportrait.jpg
Manuel Arturo Izquierdo Peña 21st Astronomy, calendar The Muisca Calendar: An approximation to the timekeeping system of the ancient native people of the northeastern Andes of Colombia [17] [18]
Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada 16th First contact Memoria de los descubridores, que entraron conmigo a descubrir y conquistar el Reino de Granada [19]
Jimenezdequesada.png
Carl Henrik Langebaek Rueda 21st Archaeology, society, El Infiernito Arqueología Regional en el Territorio Muisca: Juego de Datos del Proyecto Valle de Fúquene [20]
Bernardo de Lugo 17th Chibcha, numerals Gramática en la lengua general del Nuevo Reyno, llamada mosca [21]
Carmen Millán de Benavides 21st Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada Epítome de la Conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada and the Knowledge Through Questionnaire. Spanish Cosmography of the 16th Century [22]
Javier Ocampo López 21st History, folklore, mythology, religion Mitos y leyendas indígenas de Colombia [23]
Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff 20th Anthropology, archaeology Goldwork and Shamanism : an iconographic study of the Gold Museum of the Banco de la República, Colombia [24]
Juan Rodríguez Freyle 17th Spanish conquest, El Dorado El Carnero - Conquista y descubrimiento del Nuevo Reino de Granada de las Indias Occidentales del Mar Océano, y Fundación de la ciudad de Santafé de Bogotá, primera de este reino donde se fundó la Real Audiencia y Cancillería, siendo la cabeza se hizo su arzobispado [25]
Juanrodriguezfreyle.jpg
Eliécer Silva Celis 20th Anthropology, archaeology, reconstructed Sun Temple Arqueología y prehistoria de Colombia [26]
Pedro Simón 17th History, conquest, mythology, religion Noticias historiales de las conquistas de Tierra Firme en las Indias occidentales (1882-92) vol.1-5 [27]
Francisco Antonio Cano Cardona 1927 000.jpg
Miguel Triana 20th History La civilización Chibcha [28]
Ezequiel Uricoechea 19th Linguistics Antigüedades Neogranadinas [29]
EzequielUricoecheaRetrach.jpg
Liborio Zerda 19th Ethnology, conquest, El Dorado , numerals El Dorado [30]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemocón</span> Place in Cundinamarca, Colombia

Nemocón is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Central Savanna Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca. Nemocón, famous for its salt mine, was an important village in the Muisca Confederation, the country in the central Colombian Andes before the arrival of the Spanish. The municipality is situated in the northern part of the Bogotá savanna, part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense with its urban centre at an altitude of 2,585 metres (8,481 ft) and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from the capital Bogotá. Nemocón is the northeasternmost municipality of the Metropolitan Area of Bogotá and the Bogotá River originates close to Nemocón. The median temperature of Nemocón is 12.8 °C. The municipality borders Tausa in the north, Suesca and Gachancipá in the east, Tocancipá and Zipaquirá in the south and in the west the rivers Checua and Neusa and the municipality of Cogua.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bogotá savanna</span> Motane savanna in Altiplano Cundiboyacense

The Bogotá savanna is a montane savanna, located in the southwestern part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the center of Colombia. The Bogotá savanna has an extent of 4,251.6 square kilometres (1,641.6 sq mi) and an average altitude of 2,650 metres (8,690 ft). The savanna is situated in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bacatá</span> Area on the Bogotá Savannah

Bacatá is the name given to the main settlement of the Muisca Confederation on the Bogotá savanna. It mostly refers to an area, rather than an individual village, although the name is also found in texts referring to the modern settlement of Funza, in the centre of the savanna. Bacatá was the main seat of the zipa, the ruler of the Bogotá savanna and adjacent areas. The name of the Colombian capital, Bogotá, is derived from Bacatá, but founded as Santafe de Bogotá in the western foothills of the Eastern Hills in a different location than the original settlement Bacatá, west of the Bogotá River, eventually named after Bacatá as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tisquesusa</span> Tribal ruler in pre-Spanish Colombia

Tisquesusa, also spelled Thisquesuza, Thysquesuca or Thisquesusha was the fourth and last independent ruler (psihipqua) of Muyquytá, main settlement of the southern Muisca between 1514 and his death in 1537. The Spanish pronunciation of his name brought about the Colombian capital Bogotá. Tisquesusa was the ruler of the southern Muisca Confederation at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Muisca, when the troops led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and his brother entered the central Andean highlands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muisca Confederation</span> Former Andean highlands confederation

The Muisca Confederation was a loose confederation of different Muisca rulers in the central Andean highlands of what is today Colombia before the Spanish conquest of northern South America. The area, presently called Altiplano Cundiboyacense, comprised the current departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca and minor parts of Santander.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herrera Period</span> Period of Colombian history

The Herrera Period is a phase in the history of Colombia. It is part of the Andean preceramic and ceramic, time equivalent of the North American pre-Columbian formative and classic stages and age dated by various archaeologists. The Herrera Period predates the age of the Muisca, who inhabited the Altiplano Cundiboyacense before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca and postdates the prehistory of the region in Colombia. The Herrera Period is usually defined as ranging from 800 BCE to 800 CE, although some scholars date it as early as 1500 BCE.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tequendama</span> Archaeological site in Columbia

Tequendama is a preceramic and ceramic archaeological site located southeast of Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colombia, a couple of kilometers east of Tequendama Falls. It consists of multiple evidences of late Pleistocene to middle Holocene population of the Bogotá savanna, the high plateau in the Colombian Andes. Tequendama was inhabited from around 11,000 years BP, and continuing into the prehistorical, Herrera and Muisca periods, making it the oldest site of Colombia, together with El Abra, located north of Zipaquirá. Younger evidences also from the Herrera Period have been found close to the site of Tequendama in Soacha, at the construction site of a new electrical plant. They are dated at around 900 BCE to 900 AD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muisca agriculture</span>

The Muisca agriculture describes the agriculture of the Muisca, the advanced civilisation that was present in the times before the Spanish conquest on the high plateau in the Colombian Andes; the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. The Muisca were a predominantly agricultural society with small-scale farmfields, part of more extensive terrains. To diversify their diet, they traded mantles, gold, emeralds and salt for fruits, vegetables, coca, yopo and cotton cultivated in lower altitude warmer terrains populated by their neighbours, the Muzo, Panche, Guane, Guayupe, Lache, Sutagao and U'wa. Trade of products grown farther away happened with the Calima, Pijao and Caribbean coastal communities around the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muisca architecture</span>

This article describes the architecture of the Muisca. The Muisca, inhabiting the central highlands of the Colombian Andes, were one of the four great civilizations of the Americas. Unlike the three civilizations in present-day Mexico and Peru, they did not construct grand architecture of solid materials. While specialising in agriculture and gold-working, cloths and ceramics, their architecture was rather modest and made of non-permanent materials as wood and clay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liborio Zerda</span>

Liborio Zerda was a Colombian physician and Muisca scholar. Zerda has been important in the natural sciences of the late 19th and early 20th century in Colombia, publishing many articles about various topics, from medicine to chemical analysis, radioactivity and the popular drink chicha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff</span> Colombian anthropologist

Marianne Vere Cardale de Schrimpff is a Colombian anthropologist, archaeologist, academic and writer.

Juan (Francisco) de Céspedes Ruiz was a Spanish conquistador who is known as the founder of the town of Pasca, Cundinamarca, in the south of the Bogotá savanna, Colombia. De Céspedes arrived in the Americas in 1521 and participated in the conquest of the Tairona and the foundation of Santa Marta under Rodrigo de Bastidas. From 1542 to 1543 and in 1546 he served as mayor of Bogotá and after that until 1570 as lieutenant general of the first president of Colombia. Juan de Céspedes married Isabel Romero, one of the first Spanish women who arrived at Colombian territories and had two legitimate sons and one daughter. His date of death is uncertain; in late 1573 or 1576.

Baltasar Maldonado, also written as Baltazar Maldonado, was a Spanish conquistador who first served under Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, and later in the army of Hernán Pérez de Quesada in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca.

Hernán Venegas Carrillo Manosalvas was a Spanish conquistador for who participated in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca and Panche people in the New Kingdom of Granada, present-day Colombia. Venegas Carrillo was mayor of Santa Fe de Bogotá for two terms; in 1542 and from 1543 to 1544.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juan Friede</span> Ukrainian-Colombian historian

Juan Friede Alter was a Ukrainian-Colombian historian of Jewish descent who is recognised as one of the most important writers about Colombian history, the Spanish conquests and a proponent of indigenism; the defense of the rights and descriptions of the oppression of indigenous people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juan del Junco</span> Spanish conquistador

Juan de(l) Junco was a Spanish conquistador who participated in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca people. Del Junco started his career as a conquistador in the 1526 expedition led by Sebastian Cabot exploring the Río de la Plata in present-day Argentina. In 1535, he arrived in Santa Marta on the Colombian Caribbean coast from where the expedition in search of El Dorado set off in April 1536.

Gonzalo García Zorro was a Spanish conquistador who participated in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca people. García Zorro was encomendero (mayor) of Santa Fe de Bogotá for seven terms, and received the encomiendas of Fusagasugá and Fosca.

Antonio Díaz de Cardoso was a Portuguese conquistador who participated in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca people.

References

  1. By year of last publication
  2. Acosta, 1848
  3. (in Spanish) Recopilación historial - text version
  4. Arango Cano, 1985
  5. Broadbent, 1965
  6. Cardale de Schrimpff, 1985
  7. De Castellanos, 1589
  8. Correal Urrego, 1990
  9. Duquesne, 1795
  10. Espada, 1887
  11. Fernández de Piedrahita, 1688
  12. (in Spanish) Biography Juan Friede Alter - Banco de la República
  13. Gamboa Mendoza, 2016
  14. Groot, 1992
  15. Hammen, 1978
  16. Humboldt, 1807
  17. Izquierdo Peña, 2009
  18. Izquierdo Peña, 2014
  19. Jiménez de Quesada, 1576
  20. Langebaek Rueda, 1995
  21. De Lugo, 1619
  22. Millán de Benavides, 1997
  23. Ocampo López, 2013
  24. Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1988
  25. Rodríguez Freyle, 1979 (1638)
  26. Silva Celis, 1968
  27. Simón, 1626
  28. Triana, 1922
  29. Uricoechea, 1854
  30. Zerda, 1883

Bibliography