List of Nazis (F–K)

Last updated

A list of notable people who were at some point a member of the defunct Nazi Party (NSDAP). This is not meant to be a list of every person who was ever a member of the Nazi Party. This is a list of notable figures who were active within the party and did something significant within it that is of historical note or who were members of the Nazi Party according to multiple reliable publications. For a list of the main leaders and most important party figures see: List of Nazi Party leaders and officials.

Contents

Overview A–E F–K L–R S–Z

F

G

H

I

J

K

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ernst Kaltenbrunner</span> Austrian SS and chief of the Reich Security Main Office (1903–1946)

Ernst Kaltenbrunner was a high-ranking Austrian SS official during the Nazi era and a major perpetrator of the Holocaust. After the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich in 1942, and a brief period under Heinrich Himmler, Kaltenbrunner was the third Chief of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), which included the offices of Gestapo, Kripo and SD, from January 1943 until the end of World War II in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reinhard Heydrich</span> High ranking Nazi official (1904–1942)

Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reich Security Main Office</span> Nazi German police and intelligence organization (1939–45)

The Reich Security Main Office was an organization under Heinrich Himmler in his dual capacity as Chef der Deutschen Polizei and Reichsführer-SS, the head of the Nazi Party's Schutzstaffel (SS). The organization's stated duty was to fight all "enemies of the Reich" inside and outside the borders of Nazi Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Odilo Globocnik</span> Slovenian Nazi, SS officer, and Holocaust perpetrator

Odilo Lothar Ludwig Globocnik was a Nazi Party official from Austria and a perpetrator of the Holocaust. A high-ranking leader of the SS, Globocnik played a leading role in Operation Reinhard, the organized murder of around one and a half million Jews, mostly of Polish origin, during the Holocaust in the Majdanek, Treblinka, Sobibór and Bełżec extermination camps. Historian Michael Allen described him as "the vilest individual in the vilest organization ever known". Globocnik killed himself shortly after his capture and detention by British soldiers.

<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Obergruppenführer</i></span></i> Paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany

Obergruppenführer was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the Sturmabteilung (SA) and adopted by the Schutzstaffel (SS) one year later. Until April 1942, it was the highest commissioned SS rank after only Reichsführer-SS. Translated as "senior group leader", the rank of Obergruppenführer was senior to Gruppenführer. A similarly named rank of Untergruppenführer existed in the SA from 1929 to 1930 and as a title until 1933. In April 1942, the new rank of SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer was created which was above Obergruppenführer and below Reichsführer-SS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Wolff</span> SS general

Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff was a senior German SS officer who served as Chief of Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS and an SS liaison to Adolf Hitler during World War II. He ended the war as the Supreme SS and Police Leader in occupied Italy and helped arrange for the early surrender of Axis forces in that theatre, effectively ending the war there several days sooner than in the rest of Europe. He escaped prosecution at the Nuremberg Trials as a result of his participation in Operation Sunrise. In 1962, Wolff was rearrested, prosecuted in West Germany for the deportation of Polish Jews and sentenced to 15 years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 1964. He was released in 1971 and died 13 years later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurt Daluege</span> German SS general and police official

Kurt Max Franz Daluege was a German SS and police official who served as chief of Ordnungspolizei of Nazi Germany from 1936 to 1943, as well as the Deputy/Acting Protector of Bohemia and Moravia from 1942 to 1943.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hans Lammers</span> German jurist and Nazi politician (1879–1962)

Hans Heinrich Lammers was a German jurist and prominent Nazi Party politician. From 1933 until 1945 he served as Chief of the Reich Chancellery under Adolf Hitler. In 1937, he additionally was given the post of Reichsminister in the cabinet. During the 1948–1949 Ministries Trial, Lammers was found guilty of crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and membership in a criminal organization. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison in April 1949 but this was later reduced to 10 years and he was released early.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blood Order</span> Award

The Blood Order, officially known as the Decoration in Memory of 9 November 1923, was one of the most prestigious decorations in the Nazi Party (NSDAP). During March 1934, Hitler authorized the Blood Order to commemorate the 9 November 1923 coup attempt of the Nazi Party. The medal is silver, with the obverse bearing a depiction of an eagle grasping an oak leaf wreath. Inside the wreath is the date 9.Nov. and to the right is the inscription München 1923–1933. The reverse shows the entrance of the Feldherrnhalle in relief, and directly above is the angled swastika with sun rays in the background. Along the top edge is the inscription: UND IHR HABT DOCH GESIEGT.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Nazi Germany</span> 20th-century dictatorship

The government of Nazi Germany was a totalitarian dictatorship governed by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party according to the Führerprinzip. Nazi Germany was established in January 1933 with the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany, followed by suspension of basic rights with the Reichstag Fire Decree and the Enabling Act which gave Hitler's regime the power to pass and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or German president, and de facto ended with Germany's surrender in World War II on 8 May 1945 and de jure ended with the Berlin Declaration on 5 June 1945.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelm Keppler</span> German industrialist, Hitlers economic advisor, SS-Obergruppenführer

Wilhelm Karl Keppler was a German businessman and one of Adolf Hitler's early financial backers. Introduced to Hitler by Heinrich Himmler, Keppler helped to finance the Nazi Party and later served as one of Hitler's economic advisors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Josef Fitzthum</span> German Waffen-SS commander, SS-Gruppenführer

Josef Fitzthum was a high-ranking Austrian member of the SS and Special Representative of the Reichsführer-SS in Albania during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lina Heydrich</span> Wife of Reinhard Heydrich (1911–1985)

Lina Mathilde Manninen was the wife of Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Reich Security Main Office and a central figure in Nazi Germany. The daughter of a minor German aristocrat, she joined the Nazi Party in 1929 and met Reinhard Heydrich in December 1930. The two wed on 26 December 1931 and had four children. She published a memoir in 1976. She spoke with several authors, wrote letters of correction to many newspapers, and defended the reputation of her first husband (Heydrich) until her death at age 74 in August 1985 in Fehmarn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ideology of the SS</span> Various racial, political, and religious views of the Schutzstaffel (SS)

The ideology of the Schutzstaffel, a paramilitary force and an instrument of terror of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, emphasized a racist vision of "racial purity", primarily based on antisemitism and loyalty to Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ernst-Heinrich Schmauser</span> German Nazi, Higher SS and Police Leader, SS-Obergruppenführer

Ernst-Heinrich Schmauser was a German Nazi Reichstag deputy and SS-Obergruppenführer who was the Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) in Breslau during World War II. He was responsible for the death march from Auschwitz–Birkenau concentration camp, in which upwards of 25 percent of the prisoners were killed. In the last months of the war, he was captured by the Red Army and presumed killed.

References

  1. ↑ Hans-Michael Bock, The Concise Cinegraph: Encyclopaedia of German Cinema, Berghahn Books, 2009, p .116
  2. ↑ Snyder, p. 90
  3. ↑ Snyder, p. 91
  4. ↑ Maynard M. Cohen, A Stand Against Tyranny: Norway's Physicians and the Nazis, Wayne State University Press, 1997, p. 273
  5. ↑ Hilary Camille Earl, The Nuremberg SS-Einsatzgruppen trial, 1945-1958: Atrocity, Law, and History, Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 130
  6. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 150
  7. ↑ Horst Ossenberg, Was bleibt, das schaffen die Baumeister: das württembergische Hof- und Staats-Bauwesen vom 15. bis 20. Jahrhundert, BoD – Books on Demand, 2004, p. 122
  8. ↑ Elisabeth Kashey, Robert Kashey, Shepherd Gallery, European Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture: 19th and Early 20th Century, Shepherd Gallery, Associates, 1993, p. 31
  9. ↑ Reint Boer, The Engineer and the Scandal: A Piece of Science History, シュプリンガー・ジャパン株式会社, 2005, p. 175
  10. ↑ Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage, Aircraft of the Luftwaffe 1935–1945: An Illustrated History, McFarland, 2009, p. 23
  11. ↑ Jay Howard Geller, Jews in Post-Holocaust Germany, 1945–1953, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 143
  12. 1 2 Klee (2005), p. 150
  13. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 151
  14. ↑ "Human biodiversity: genes, race, and history", Jonathan M. Marks. Transaction Publishers, 1995. p. 88. ISBN   0-202-02033-9, ISBN   978-0-202-02033-4.
  15. 1 2 Klee (2005), p. 152
  16. ↑ Waltrich, H.: Zur Geschichte der Heilanstalten vom Roten Kreuz in Hohenlychen, part 2, Ökostadt-Nachrichten 28 (1999)
  17. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 154
  18. ↑ Josef Fitzthum in the Datenbank der Reichstagsabgeordneten
  19. ↑ Klee (2007), p.155
  20. ↑ Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity , NYU Press, 2003, p. 73
  21. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 155
  22. ↑ Samuel Abrahamsen, Norway's Response to the Holocaust, Holocaust Library, 1991, p. 75
  23. ↑ Snyder, p. 95
  24. 1 2 Klee (2005), p. 156
  25. ↑ Tom Segev, Soldiers of Evil, Berkley Books, 1991, p. 70
  26. ↑ Julie M. Fenster, Mavericks, Miracles, and Medicine: The Pioneers who Risked their Lives to Bring Medicine into the Modern Age, Barnes & Noble Books, 2005, p. 45-6
  27. ↑ Laurence Rees, The Nazis: A Warning From History , New York: The New Press, 1997, p. 141
  28. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 158
  29. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 159
  30. ↑ Fred K. Prieberg: Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933–1945, CD-Rom-Lexikon, Kiel 2004, p. 1631
  31. ↑ Snyder, p. 97
  32. ↑ Max Williams, Reinhard Heydrich: The Biography: Volume 2, Ulric Publishing (2003), p. 82
  33. ↑ Nuremberg Military Tribunal, "Judgment of the Tribunal (regarding August Frank), 3 November 1947", United States of America v. Oswald Pohl, et al. (Case No. 4, the "Pohl Trial), vol. V, pp. 992–997
  34. ↑ Helmut Heiber, Walter Frank und sein Reichsinstitut für Geschichte des neuen Deutschlands. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1966, p. 541
  35. ↑ Michael Rademacher, Handbuch der NSDAP-Gaue 1928-1945, M. Rademacher, 2000
  36. ↑ German National Library profile
  37. ↑ R.J.B. Bosworth, The Oxford Handbook of Fascism, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 442
  38. ↑ Koch, H. W. (15 November 1997). In the Name of the Volk: Political Justice in Hitler's Germany. p. 68. ISBN   1860641741 . Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  39. 1 2 Snyder, p. 100
  40. ↑ Samuel W. Mitcham: The German Defeat in the East, 1944-45, Stackpole Books, 2007, p. 73
  41. ↑ Arad, Yitzhak: Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: the Operation Reinhard death camps. Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1987, p. 191f.
  42. ↑ Albert Frey biography
  43. ↑ Georg Markus: Die Hörbigers (2006), p. 133
  44. ↑ Gossman, Lionel (2009). Brownshirt Princess: A Study of the "Nazi Conscience". Cambridge: OpenBook Publishers. p. 68. ISBN   9781906924065.
  45. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 167
  46. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 166
  47. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 169
  48. ↑ Associated Press. (1988, 6 September). Gert Frobe, an Actor, Dies at 75.
  49. ↑ Klaus Kreimeier, The UFA Story: A History of Germany's Greatest Film Company, 1918–1945, University of California Press, 1999, p. 276
  50. ↑ Yitzhak Arad, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps, Indiana University Press, 1999, p. 24
  51. ↑ Fuchs, Wilhelm
  52. ↑ Snyder, p. 106
  53. ↑ Oliver Schröm, Andrea Röpke, Stille Hilfe für braune Kameraden: das geheime Netzwerk der Alt- und Neonazis, Ch. Links Verlag, 2002, p. 79
  54. ↑ Friedrich (Fritz) Gajewski (1885–1965)
  55. ↑ Alfred C. Mierzejewski, The Most Valuable Asset of the Reich: A History of the German National Railway, Volume 2; Volumes 1933–1945, UNC Press Books, 2000, p. 107
  56. ↑ Diarmuid Jeffreys, Hell's Cartel: IG Farben and the Making of Hitler's War Machine, Bloomsbury, 2009, p. 168
  57. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 157
  58. ↑ Gebauer, Edwin
  59. ↑ World Fascism:A Historical Encyclopedia
  60. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 176.
  61. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 177
  62. ↑ Die Welt: Zeitgeschichte: Von Grass bis Genscher – Wer noch in der NSDAP war. 1 July 2007
  63. ↑ Eckart Menzler-Trott Logic's Lost Genius: The Life of Gerhard Gentzen, AMS Bookstore, 2007, p. 52
  64. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 178
  65. ↑ Diana Schulle, Das Reichssippenamt. Eine Institution nationalsozialistischer Rassenpolitik, (Diss. 1999) Berlin 2001, p. 48
  66. 1 2 Klee (2007), p. 180
  67. ↑ Karl Gerland in the Datenbank der Reichstagsabgeordneten
  68. ↑ Friedländer, Saul, Kurt Gerstein: The Ambiguity of Good. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1969, p. 32
  69. ↑ Tom Segev, Soldiers of Evil, Berkley Books, 1991, pp. 68-69
  70. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 182.
  71. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 183
  72. ↑ Dieter Helmes, Aufbau und Entwicklung der NSDAP im Siegerland vor der Machtübernahme, Siegen 1974, Masch. p. 30
  73. ↑ Mario R. Dederichs, Heydrich: The Face of Evil, Casemate Publishers, 2009, p. 71
  74. ↑ Klee (2007), pp. 184–5
  75. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 185
  76. ↑ Snyder, p. 115
  77. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 270
  78. ↑ Wolfgang Graf, Österreichische SS-Generäle. Himmlers verlässliche Vasallen, Klagenfurt/ Ljubljana/ Vienna, 2012, p. 70
  79. 1 2 Snyder, p. 117
  80. ↑ Snyder, p. 119
  81. ↑ Snyder, p. 121
  82. ↑ Hervé Dumont, Robert Siodmak: le maître du film noir, L'Age D'Homme, 1981, p. 294
  83. ↑ Bayerisches Landesportal: Dr. h.c. Alfons Goppel Archived 7 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine . Bayern.de. Retrieved on 2010-10-18.
  84. ↑ Klee (2007), pp. 187-8
  85. ↑ Hitler, Adolf (1988). Hitler's Table Talk, 1941–1944. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. p. 168. ISBN   0-19-285180-2.
  86. ↑ Jacob Frank, Mark Lewis, Himmler's Jewish Tailor: The Story of Holocaust Survivor Jacob Frank, Syracuse University Press, 2000, p. xix
  87. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 193
  88. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 194
  89. 1 2 Klee (2007), p. 198
  90. ↑ Erik Levi, Music in the Third Reich, Volume 1994, Part 2, Macmillan, 1994, p. 251
  91. ↑ "Sobibor - the Forgotten Revolt, by Thomas Toivi Blatt". Archived from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  92. ↑ Arad, Yitzhak. Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps. Indiana University Press. 1987.
  93. ↑ Snyder, p. 125
  94. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 196
  95. ↑ Ulrich Greifelt from www.dws-xip.pl
  96. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 197
  97. ↑ Snyder, p. 127
  98. ↑ The Times; The Belsen trial; 18 September 1945; pg6
  99. ↑ "Belsen Beast, Irma Grese hanged with nine other horror camp aides". Hamburg, Germany: United Press International. 14 December 1945. Archived from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  100. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 200
  101. ↑ Magda Lauwers-Rech, Nazi Germany and the American Germanists: a study of periodicals, 1930–1946, P. Lang, 1995, p. 104
  102. ↑ Brian L. Davis, Malcolm McGregor, Flags of the Third Reich: Party & Police Units, Osprey Publishing, 1994, p. 4
  103. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 202
  104. ↑ Patricia Heberer, Jürgen Matthäus, Atrocities on Trial: Historical Perspectives on the Politics of Prosecuting War Crimes, U of Nebraska Press, 2008, p. 46
  105. ↑ Claudia Koonz, The Nazi Conscience, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003), 107-106
  106. ↑ Alfred Großrock biography
  107. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 202
  108. ↑ Jean-Denis Lepage, Hitler Youth, 1922–1945: An Illustrated History, McFarland, 2008, p. 22
  109. ↑ Anders Gerdmar, Roots of Theological Anti-Semitism: German Biblical Interpretation and the Jews, from Herder and Semler to Kittel and Bultmann, BRILL, 2009, p. 415
  110. ↑ Tom Segev, Soldiers of Evil, Berkley Books, 1991, p. 71
  111. ↑ Olaf Kappelt, Braunbuch DDR: Nazis in der DDR, Berlin historica, 2009, p. 192
  112. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 205
  113. ↑ Snyder, p. 132
  114. ↑ "Jagd im Untergrund". Der Spiegel. 26 May 1997.
  115. ↑ A Survey of Nazi and Pro-Nazi Groups in Switzerland: 1930–1945
  116. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 211.
  117. ↑ V. K. Vinogradov, J. F. Pogonyi, Andrew Roberts, N. V. Teptzov, Hitler's Death: Russia's Last Great Secret from the Files of the KGB, Chaucer, 2005, p. 82
  118. ↑ Philip Rees, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 , p. 169
  119. ↑ Klee, The Good Old Days, at pages 230, 237, 241, and 294.
  120. ↑ German Propaganda Guide
  121. ↑ Koch, Hannsjoachim Wolfgang (1997). In the name of the Volk: political justice in Hitler's Germany. I.B.Tauris. pp. 226, 227. ISBN   1-86064-174-1.
  122. ↑ Josef Wulf, Das Dritte Reich und seine Vollstrecker – Die Liquidation von 500.000 Juden im Ghetto Warschau, Berlin 1961, p. 290
  123. ↑ Shevell, Michael; Jüergen Peiffer (August 2001). "Julius Hallervorden's wartime activities: implications for science under dictatorship". Pediatr Neurol. 25 (2): 162–165. doi:10.1016/s0887-8994(00)00243-5. PMID   11551747.
  124. ↑ Harold James The Deutsche Bank and the Nazi economic war against the Jews: the expropriation of Jewish-owned property Cambridge University Press, 2001 ISBN   0-521-80329-2, p. 29
  125. ↑ Stang, Knut (1996). Kollaboration und Massenmord: die litauische Hilfspolizei, das Rollkommando Hamann und die Ermordung der litauischen Juden. Lang. pp. 153–54. ISBN   9783631308950.
  126. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 136
  127. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 137
  128. ↑ www.mscd.edu Archived 4 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  129. ↑ Schwab, Georg (5 May 2004), SS personnel serving at Neuengammer, Axis History site, retrieved 21 August 2008
  130. ↑ Heinrich Harrer Archived 8 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine . Wno.org. Retrieved on 2010-10-18.
  131. ↑ "SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei Dr. jur. Wilhelm Harster". ISLAND FARM SPECIAL CAMP: XI POWS HELD AT BRIDGEND. Brett Exton.
  132. ↑ Karin Orth: Die Konzentrationslager-SS. Sozialstrukturelle Analysen und biographische Studien. ungek. Ausg. München 2004, ISBN   3-423-34085-1
  133. ↑ Tom Segev, Soldiers of Evil, Berkley Books, 1991, p. 179
  134. ↑ The Von Hassell Diaries 1938-1944: The Story of the Forces Against Hitler Inside Germany, Ambassador Ulrich von Hassell, (Doubleday & Company, 1947, ASIN B000VB0W42), (Hamish Hamilton, 1948, ASIN B0014X98FU) (Greenwood Press, 1971, ISBN   978-0-8371-3228-0)
  135. ↑ C.P. Blamires, World Fascism - A Historical Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 299
  136. ↑ Yerger, Mark C. - Waffen-SS Commanders: The Army, Corps and Divisional Leaders of a Legend: Augsberger to Kreutz - Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing (October 1997). ISBN   0-7643-0356-2, ISBN   978-0-7643-0356-2.
  137. ↑ Hilary Earl, The Nuremberg SS-Einsatzgruppen Trial, Cambridge 2009, p. 126
  138. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 234
  139. ↑ Friedlander, Henry (1 September 1997). The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 312. ISBN   978-0-8078-4675-9 . Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  140. 1 2 Snyder (1998), p. 140
  141. ↑ www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
  142. ↑ "The life and crimes of 'Dr Death'". BBC News. 5 February 2009.
  143. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 238
  144. ↑ Burkhard Jellonnek: Homosexuelle unter dem Hakenkreuz. Die Verfolgung von Homosexuellen im Dritten Reich. Schöningh, Paderborn 1990, ISBN   3-506-77482-4, p. 64. In Hergemöller, Mann, p. 332, the entry date of 1 May 1933 is most likely incorrect.
  145. ↑ "Hans von Ohain: elegance in flight", Margaret Conner. AIAA, 2001. ISBN   1-56347-520-0, ISBN   978-1-56347-520-7.
  146. ↑ Eureka Mag
  147. ↑ Die drei ältesten SS-Generale Himmlers Haifa : Inst. of Documentation in Israel for the Investigation of Nazi War Crimes, 1998
  148. ↑ The Nazi Doctors by Robert Jay Lifton: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide Publisher: Basic Books (August 2000) Language: English ISBN   0-465-04905-2 ISBN   978-0-465-04905-9
  149. ↑ Männer im Dritten Reich. Serausgegeben von der Orientalifdjen Cigaretten Compagnie "Yosma" Gmb 5., Bremen
  150. ↑ Hitler's economy: Nazi work creation programs, 1933-1936 By Dan P. Silverman
  151. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 243
  152. ↑ Tom Segev, Soldiers of Evil, Berkley Books, 1991, p. 128
  153. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 141
  154. ↑ Henning, Wilhelm
  155. ↑ Gregor Pelger: 'Willibald Hentschel', in Ingo Haar & Michael Fahlbusch (eds.), Handbuch der völkischen Wissenschaften. Personen – Institutionen – Forschungsprogramme – Stiftungen. Munich 2008, p. 243
  156. ↑ Benz, Wolfgang. Der Ort des Terrors: Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager., Vol. 8, p. 121
  157. ↑ Arad, Yitzhak: Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: the Operation Reinhard death camps. Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1987, p. 187.
  158. ↑ Vidal-Naquet, Pierre (2007). The Atlantis story: a short history of Plato's myth. University of Exeter Press. pp. 120–121. ISBN   978-0-85989-805-8.
  159. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 142
  160. ↑ Jonathan Petropoulos. Royals and the Reich. The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany. Oxford University Press, 2006 ISBN   0-19-920377-6, p. 115
  161. ↑ Until the Final Hour:Hitler's Last Secretary
  162. ↑ Wollheim Memorial - Erich von der Heyde biography
  163. ↑ Heyde, Werner, in Who's Who in Nazi Germany (Routledge, 2001), p107
  164. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 244
  165. ↑ Williams, Max. (2001) Reinhard Heydrich: Volume 1 - The Road To War, p. 22
  166. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 145
  167. ↑ Peter-Ferdinand Koch, Richard Chaim Schneider, Geheim-Depot Schweiz: wie Banken am Holocaust verdienen, List, 1997, p. 75
  168. ↑ Lucas, James. "Hitler's Enforcers (Leaders of the German War Machine 1939–1945)" ISBN   80-206-0547-9
  169. ↑ John Connelly, Michael Grüttner, Universities under Dictatorship, Penn State Press, 2005, p. 100
  170. ↑ Die Welt: Dieter Hildebrandt soll in NSDAP gewesen sein 30. Juni 2007
  171. ↑ Peter Paret, An Artist against the Third Reich: Ernst Barlach, 1933-1938, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 80
  172. ↑ United Nations War Crimes Commission, "Law reports of Trials of War Criminals," pp. 33-34, 36 (1997).
  173. ↑ Burleigh, Michael The Third Reich: A New History New York: Hill and Wang 2000 ISBN   0-8090-9326-X
  174. 1 2 Longerich 2012, p. 379.
  175. ↑ Snyder (1998), p.146
  176. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 248
  177. ↑ Jürgen Matthäus: „Es war sehr nett“. Auszüge aus dem Tagebuch der Margarete Himmler, 1937–1945 Archived 7 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine . In: Werkstatt Geschichte 25 (2000), p. 77
  178. ↑ Year Book 1993
  179. ↑ Film as a Weapon
  180. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 159
  181. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 152
  182. ↑ American Jewish Yearbook 1991
  183. ↑ Zenter, Christian and Bedürftig, Friedemann (1991). The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich , p. 437. New York: Macmillan. ISBN   0-02-897502-2
  184. ↑ Spiegel Online
  185. ↑ Josef Wulf: Das Dritte Reich und seine Vollstrecker. K. G. Saur Verlag KG, München 1978, pp. 275-287
  186. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 260
  187. ↑ www.historisches-centrum
  188. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 167
  189. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 266
  190. ↑ Victor Margolin, The politics of the artificial: essays on design and design studies, University of Chicago Press, 2002, p. 214
  191. ↑ Yvonne Daschek, Günter Grass: der Skandal um seine SS-Zugehörigkeit und die Diskussion in den Medien, GRIN Verlag, 2007, p. 13
  192. ↑ --und die Vergangenheit sitz immer mit am Tisch: Dokumente zur Geschichte der Akademie der Künste (West) 1945/1954-1993
  193. ↑ NSDAP Hauptarchiv: guide to the Hoover Institution microfilm collection
  194. ↑ Alan E. Steinweis Art, Ideology, and Economics in Nazi Germany: The Reich Chambers of Music, Theater, and the Visual Arts, UNC Press Books, 1996 ISBN   0-8078-4607-4, p. 37
  195. ↑ Sydnor, Charles W. (1990), Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945, Princeton University Press. ISBN   1-56865-834-6 ISBN   978-1-56865-834-6
  196. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 263
  197. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 166
  198. ↑ Aleksander Lasik: "Die Organisationsstruktur des KL Auschwitz" in: Aleksander Lasik, Franciszek Piper, Piotr Setkiewicz, Irena Strzelecka (eds): Auschwitz 1940-1945. Studien zur Geschichte des Konzentrations und Vernichtungslagers Auschwitz., Volume I, State Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, Oświęcim 1999, p. 230.
  199. ↑ Nikolaus von Preradovich, Die Schutzstaffel der NSDAP: Eine Dokumentation, Druffel & Vowinckel-Verlag, 2004, p. 147
  200. ↑ Holocaust encyclopedia
  201. ↑ Ailsby, Christopher (1997). SS: Roll of Infamy, p. 78. Motorbooks Intl. ISBN   0-7603-0409-2.
  202. ↑ James A. Yannes A Guide to 3rd Reich Cutlery, Its Monograms, Logos, and Maker Marks, Trafford Publishing, 2010 ISBN   1-4269-2678-2 p. 121
  203. ↑ Anti-semitism, paganism, voelkish religion
  204. ↑ Peter Hoffman (1996). The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN   0-7735-1531-3.
  205. ↑ Tom Segev, Soldiers of Evil, Berkley Books, 1991, p. 193
  206. ↑ Hermann Weiß (ed.): Biographisches Lexikon zum Dritten Reich. Fischer-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1998, p. 22
  207. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 279
  208. ↑ Michael Bryant, Eyewitness to Genocide: The Operation Reinhard Death Camp Trials, 1955-1966, Univ. of Tennessee Press, 2014, p. 152
  209. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 278
  210. ↑ Erika Bucholtz, Das "Hausgefängnis" der Gestapo-Zentrale in Berlin: Terror und Widerstand 1933–1945, Stiftung Topographie des Terrors, 2005, p. 174
  211. ↑ Biography in Italian Archived 17 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  212. ↑ Jean-Denis Lepage, Hitler Youth, 1922-1945: An Illustrated History, McFarland, 2009, p. 33
  213. ↑ Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte biography
  214. ↑ Helmut Maier, Gemeinschaftsforschung, Bevollmächtigte und der Wissenstransfer: die Rolle der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im System kriegsrelevanter Forschung des Nationalsozialismus, Wallstein Verlag, 2007, p. 308
  215. ↑ Harald Kleinschmidt, People on the Move: Attitudes Toward and Perceptions of Migration in Medieval and Modern Europe, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, p. 262
  216. ↑ Geoffrey Skelton, Wagner at Bayreuth: Experiment and Tradition, Barrie and Rockliff, 1965, p. 148
  217. ↑ Richard L. Rubenstein, John K. Roth, Approaches to Auschwitz: The Holocaust and its Legacy, Westminster John Knox Press, 2003, p. 179
  218. ↑ Was wusste Walter Jens?
  219. ↑ Fred K. Prieberg, Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933–1945. Kiel 2004, p. 3425. (CD-ROM-version)
  220. ↑ Snyder, p. 183
  221. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 289.
  222. ↑ Alenka Barber-Kersovan, Gordon Uhlmann, Getanzte Freiheit: Swingkultur zwischen NS-Diktatur und Gegenwart, Dölling und Galitz, 2002, p. 163
  223. ↑ Wistrich, p. 132
  224. ↑ Dirk Schumann, Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918-1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War, Berghahn Books, 2009, p. 243
  225. ↑ Reinhard R. Doerries, Hitler's Last Chief of Foreign Intelligence: Allied Interrogations of Walter Schellenberg, Routledge, 2003, p. 342
  226. ↑ Wiener Bürgermeister – Lebens- und Funktionsdaten. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
  227. ↑ Karl Dietrich Bracher, The German Dictatorship, The Origins, Structure, and Effects of National Socialism, Praeger Publishers, NY, 1970. pp 54-55
  228. ↑ Triumph of the Wilful
  229. ↑ Sydnor, Charles W, Soldiers of destruction: the SS Death's Head Division, 1933–1945. Princeton University Press (1990) pp. 132–136.
  230. ↑ Hans-Michael Bock, The Concise Cinegraph: Encyclopaedia of German Cinema, Berghahn Books, 2009, p. 233
  231. ↑ "Oswald Kaduk Kurzportrait" (in German). Retrieved 28 July 2008.
  232. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 295
  233. ↑ Ernst Klee, Willi Dressen and Volke Riess (editors), "Those Were the Days": The Holocaust Through the Eyes of the Perpetrators and Bystanders, London, Hamish Hamilton, 1991; published in the USA under the title "The Good Old Days": The Holocaust as Seen by Its Perpetrators and Bystanders, Old Saybrook, CT, Konecky and Konecky, 1991 ISBN   1-56852-133-2
  234. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 189
  235. ↑ Tooze, J. Adam (2007). The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy. Viking. p. 209. ISBN   978-0-670-03826-8.
  236. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 294
  237. ↑ "Herbert von Karajan: save us from the resurrection of that old devil". The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 27 May 2022.
  238. ↑ Dietrich Orlow, The History of the Nazi Party Volume 2 1933-1945, David & Charles, 1973, p. 41
  239. ↑ Jasenovac Memorial
  240. ↑ Ruth Bettina Birn: Die Höheren SS- und Polizeiführer. Himmlers Vertreter im Reich und in den besetzten Gebieten. Düsseldorf 1986. ISBN   3-7700-0710-7
  241. ↑ Stubbe-da Luz, Helmut (2005). "Kaufmann, Karl". In Franklin Koplitzsch and Daniel Tilgner. Hamburg Lexikon (3 ed.). Ellert&Richter. p. 267. ISBN   3-8319-0179-1
  242. ↑ Paul Bruppacher, Adolf Hitler und die Geschichte der NSDAP Teil 1: 1889 bis 1937, 2009, p. 189
  243. 1 2 Snyder (1998), p. 193
  244. ↑ Charles Messenger, Hitler's Gladiator: The Life and Wars of Panzer Army Commander Sepp Dietrich, 2005, p. 100
  245. ↑ CAMPBELL, Bruce: The SA Generals and the Rise of Nazism, 2004 p. 108
  246. ↑ Rüdiger Bergien, Die bellizistische Republik: Wehrkonsens und "Wehrhaftmachung" in Deutschland 1918-1933, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2012, p. 367
  247. ↑ Michael Fahlbusch, Ingo Haar, German Scholars and Ethnic Cleansing, 1920-1945, Berghahn Books, 2011, p. 87
  248. ↑ Munzinger-Online, s.v. Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Accessed 2010-10-16
  249. ↑ Reinhard R. Doerries, Hitler's Last Chief of Foreign Intelligence: Allied Interrogations of Walter Schellenberg, Routledge, London, 2003. ISBN   0-7146-5400-0
  250. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 195
  251. ↑ Susan Heller Anderson, "Hans Helmut Kirst; West German, 74, Wrote About Nazis," New York Times, February 24, 1989.
  252. ↑ Ericksen, Robert P. 1987. Theologians Under Hitler. Yale University Press.
  253. ↑ www.vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de
  254. ↑ Canadian review of studies in nationalism: Revue canadienne des études sur le nationalisme, Volumes 12-13
  255. ↑ saalbau.com
  256. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 313
  257. ↑ New York Times
  258. ↑ SS Personalakten - Record Group 242, Publication A3343, SSO, Roll 185 NARA
  259. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 320
  260. ↑ Mitcham, Samuel W., Jr. Hitler's Legions: The German Army Order of Battle, World War II.
  261. ↑ Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Zweite aktualisierte Auflage, Frankfurt am Main 2005, S. 321.
  262. ↑ Robert S. Wistrich, Who's who in Nazi Germany, p. 142-143.
  263. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 198
  264. ↑ William L. Shirer (1990). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (3rd Edition ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 885.
  265. ↑
    • Tom Segev: Die Soldaten des Bösen. Zur Geschichte der KZ-Kommandanten. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1995, ISBN   3-499-18826-0.
  266. ↑ "Die Angeklagte Anneliese Kohlmann" (PDF). Aufseherin im KZ Neuengamme (in German). Archived from the original (PDF file, direct download) on 10 May 2006. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  267. ↑ Klee (2003), p. 324
  268. ↑ Wistrich (2001), p. 144
  269. ↑ Jörg Melzer, Vollwerternährung. Diätetik, Naturheilkunde, Nationalsozialismus, sozialer Anspruch, Stuttgart 2003, p. 216
  270. ↑ Cyprian T., Sawicki J., Siedem wyroków Najwyższego Trybunału Narodowego, Poznań 1962
  271. ↑ Weber, Christian (2011). Max Kommerell: Eine intellektuelle Biographie (in German). Berlin and New York: De Gruyter. p. 425. ISBN   978-3-11-023752-8.
  272. ↑ Ian Sayer & Douglas Botting, Nazi Gold (Granada Publishing, 1984), pages. 29-30.
  273. ↑ The National archives
  274. ↑ Why Israel's capture of Eichmann caused panic at the CIA, The Guardian , June 8, 2006
  275. ↑ Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis, p. 261
  276. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 199
  277. ↑ Klee (2007), p. 332
  278. ↑ Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939-1945. Friedburg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas, 2000. ISBN   3-7909-0284-5.
  279. ↑ Richard Grunberger, Hitler's SS (1970), page.114.
  280. ↑ Snyder (1998), p. 200
  281. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 335
  282. ↑ Hentschel, Klaus (Editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (Editorial Assistant and Translator) Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996)
  283. ↑ John Garrard Heads of the local state: mayors, provosts and burgomasters since 1800, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007 ISBN   0-7546-5262-9 p. 142
  284. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 337
  285. ↑ "The Good Old Days": The Holocaust as Seen by Its Perpetrators and Bystanders, Ernst Klee, Willi Dressen, and Volker Riess, Eds., 1991, p. 258:
  286. ↑ Michael H. Kater, Different Drummers: Jazz in the Culture of Nazi Germany, Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 99
  287. ↑ Klee (2005), p. 341
  288. ↑ Christopher R. Browning The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942, U of Nebraska Press, 2007 ISBN   0-8032-5979-4, p. 411
  289. ↑ D'Elden, Karl H. Van (1979). West German poets on society and politics: interviews with an introduction. Wayne State University Press. p. 104. ISBN   978-0-8143-1628-3 . Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  290. ↑ Frank Bajohr, "Aryanisation" in Hamburg: The Economic Exclusion of Jews and the Confiscation of their Property in Nazi Germany, Berghahn Books, 2002, p. 48
  291. ↑ World without civilization: mass murder and the Holocaust, history ..., Volume 1 By Robert Melvin Spector
  292. ↑ Lester, David (2005). "Who Committed Suicide?". Suicide and the Holocaust. Nova Publishers. pp. 11–12. ISBN   978-1-59454-427-9 . Retrieved 17 June 2009.
  293. ↑ Philip Rees, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 , 1990, p. 214
  294. ↑ Hans Krüger and the Murder of the Jews
  295. ↑ BdV (20 August 2006). "Hans Krüger, der 1964 BdV-Präsident zurücktreten musste". Pressemitteilungen. Bund der Vertriebenen. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014. An SS judge in occupied Poland, and President of the Federation of Expellees from 1959 to 1964 from CDU.
  296. ↑ Beevor, Antony. Berlin: The Downfall 1945, Penguin Books, 2002,
  297. 1 2 Snyder (1998), p. 201
  298. ↑ Gilbert, M: The Holocaust, page 297. Fontana/Collins, 1987.
  299. ↑ Foundations of the Nazi Police State: The Formation of Sipo and SD By George C. Browder
  300. ↑ Diarmuid Jeffreys, Hell's Cartel: IG Farben and the Making of Hitler's War Machine, Bloomsbury, 2009, p. 152
  301. ↑ Wellington Long, The new Nazis of Germany, Chilton Book Co., 1968, p. 226
  302. ↑ Donald L. Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany, Transaction Publishers, 2001, p. 52
  303. ↑ Mazower, Mark (2008) Hitler's Empire, Penguin Press, ISBN   978-1-59420-188-2, p.495
  304. ↑ "Así encontró GENTE a Kutschmann, uno de los criminales nazis más buscados del mundo" [How GENTE found Kutschmann, one of the most wanted Nazi criminals in the world]. Gente Magazine (in Spanish) (2417). Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  305. ↑ Arad, Yitzhak: Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: the Operation Reinhard death camps, p. 191. Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1987.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.