This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(February 2017) |
King of Saudi Arabia | |
---|---|
ملك المملكة العربية السعودية | |
Incumbent | |
Salman since 23 January 2015 | |
Details | |
Style | The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques |
Heir presumptive | Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud |
First monarch | Muhammad bin Saud |
Formation | 1932 |
Residence | Al-Yamamah Palace (Riyadh) Al-Salam Palace (Jeddah) |
Website | https://houseofsaud.com/ |
Member State of the Arab League |
Basic Law |
Saudi Arabiaportal |
This is a list of rulers of Saudi Arabia , a kingdom on the Arabian Peninsula.
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muhammad bin Saud
| 1687–1765 | 1727 | 1765 | Founder of the Saudi State and Son of Saud I | Saud | |
Abd al-Aziz bin Muhammad
| 1721–1803 | 1765 | 1803 | Son of Imam Muhammad I | Saud | |
Saud bin Abd al-Aziz bin Muhammad
| 1748–1814 | 1803 | 1814 | Son of Imam Abdulaziz I. | Saud | |
Abdullah bin Saud
| 1785–1818 | 1814 | 1818 | He was the last ruler of the First Saudi State and was executed by the Ottomans. Son of Imam Saud II. | Saud |
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turki bin Abdullah
| 1755 – 1834 | 1823 | 1834 ^‡ | Founder of the Second Saudi State and grandson of Muhammad I | Saud | |
Mishari
| 1786 – 1834 | 1834 | 1834 ^‡ | Son of Imam Turki I | Saud | |
Faisal bin Turki
| 1785 – 1865 | 1834 | 1838 (First term.) | Son of Imam Turki | Saud | |
Khalid I
| ؟ - 1861 | 1838 | 1841 | Son of Imam Abdulaziz I | Saud | |
Abdullah II
| ؟ – 1843 | 1841 | 1843 | Son of Imam Saud II | Saud | |
Faisal bin Turki
| 1785 – 1865 | 1843 | 1865 (Second term.) | son of Imam Turki | Saud | |
Abdullah III
| 1831 – 1889 | 1865 | 1871 (First term.) | son of Imam Faisal | Saud | |
Saud III
| ؟ – 1874 | 1871 | 1871 (First term.) | Son of Imam Abdullah I | Saud | |
Abdullah III
| 1831 – 1889 | 1871 | 1873 (Second term.) | son of Imam Faisal | Saud | |
Saud III
| ؟ – 1874 | 1873 | 1875 (Second term.) | Son of Imam Abdullah I | Saud | |
Abdul Rahman bin Faisal
| 1850–1928 | 1875 | 1876 (First term.) | Son of Imam Faisal I | Saud | |
Abdullah III
| 1831 – 1889 | 1876 | 1889 (Third term.) | son of Imam Faisal | Saud | |
Abdul Rahman bin Faisal
| 1850–1928 | 1889 | 1891 (Second term.) | Son of Imam Faisal I | Saud |
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia
| 9 November 1953 (aged 78) | 15 January 1875 –13 January 1902 | 9 November 1953 (death by natural causes) | Reign established by conquest Son of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal and Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi | Saud | |
Saud of Saudi Arabia
| 23 February 1969 (aged 67) | 15 January 1902 –9 November 1953 (aged 51) | 2 November 1964 (abdicated) | Son of King Abdulaziz and Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair | Saud | |
Faisal of Saudi Arabia
| 25 March 1975 (aged 68) | 14 April 1906 –2 November 1964 (aged 58) | 25 March 1975 (assassinated) | Son of King Abdulaziz and Tarfa bint Abdullah Al Sheikh | Saud | |
Khalid of Saudi Arabia
| 13 June 1982 (aged 69) | 13 February 1913 –25 March 1975 (aged 62) | 13 June 1982 (death by natural causes) | Son of King Abdulaziz and Al Jawhara bint Musaed bin Jiluwi Al Saud | Saud | |
Fahd of Saudi Arabia
| 16 March 1920 – 1 August 2005 (aged 85) | 13 June 1982 (aged 62) | 1 August 2005 (death by natural causes) | Son of King Abdulaziz and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi | Saud | |
Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
| 23 January 2015 (aged 90) | 1 August 1924 –1 August 2005 (aged 81) | 23 January 2015 (death by natural causes) | Son of King Abdulaziz and Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim | Saud | |
Salman of Saudi Arabia
| 31 December 1935 | 23 January 2015 (aged 79) | Incumbent | Son of King Abdulaziz and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi | Saud |
The Royal Standard consists of a green flag, with an Arabic inscription and a sword featured in white, and with the national emblem embroidered in gold in the lower right canton of the year 1973.
The script on the flag is written in the Thuluth script. It is the shahada or Islamic declaration of faith:
The history of Saudi Arabia as a nation state began with the emergence of the Al Saud dynasty in central Arabia in 1727 and the subsequent establishment of the Emirate of Diriyah. Pre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern Saudi Arabia, was the site of several ancient cultures and civilizations; the prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human activity in the world.
The Hejaz is a region that includes the majority of the west coast of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Baljurashi. It is thus known as the "Western Province", and it is bordered in the west by the Red Sea, in the north by Jordan, in the east by the Najd, and in the south by the Region of 'Asir. Its largest city is Jeddah, which is the second-largest city in Saudi Arabia, with Mecca and Medina, respectively, being the fourth- and fifth-largest cities in the country.
Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, known in the West as Ibn Saud, was an Arab political and religious leader who founded Saudi Arabia – the third Saudi state – and reigned as its first king from 23 September 1932 until his death in 1953. He had ruled parts of the kingdom since 1902, having previously been Emir, Sultan, and King of Nejd, and King of Hejaz.
The national flag of Saudi Arabia, also known as the al-Alam, is a green background with Arabic inscription and a sword in white. The inscription is the Islamic creed, or shahada: "There is no deity but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God". The current design has been used by the government of Saudi Arabia since 15 March 1973.
The House of Saud is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia. It is composed of the descendants of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Emirate of Diriyah, known as the First Saudi state (1727–1818), and his brothers, though the ruling faction of the family is primarily led by the descendants of Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman, the modern founder of Saudi Arabia. It forms a subtribe of the larger prominent ancient Banu Hanifa tribe of Arabia, of which well known 7th century Arabian theologist Maslama ibn Ḥabīb originates. The most influential position of the royal family is the King of Saudi Arabia, an absolute monarch. The family in total is estimated to comprise 10,000 to 20,000 members; however, the majority of power, influence and wealth is possessed by a group of about 2,000 of them. Some estimates of the royal family's wealth measure their net worth at anywhere from as low as $500 billion to as high as $3 trillion. This figure includes the market capitalization of Saudi Aramco, the state oil and gas company, and its vast assets in fossil fuel reserves, making them the wealthiest family in the world and the wealthiest in recorded history.
The flag of Somaliland was adopted on 14 October 1996. It consists of a tricolour of green, white, and red, with a black star located in the centre. On the green stripe, there is the Shahada in white calligraphic script.
The Saudi Arabian national emblem was adopted in 1950. According to the Saudi Basic Law, it consists of two crossed swords with a palm tree in the space above and between the blades.
The Unification of Saudi Arabia was a military and political campaign in which the various tribes, sheikhdoms, city-states, emirates, and kingdoms of most of the central Arabian Peninsula were conquered by the House of Saud, or Al Saud. Unification started in 1902 and continued until 1932, when the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was proclaimed under the leadership of Abdulaziz, known in the West as Ibn Saud, creating what is sometimes referred to as the Third Saudi State, to differentiate it from the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State and the Emirate of Nejd, the Second Saudi State, also House of Saud states.
The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd, initially the Kingdom of Hejaz and Sultanate of Nejd, was a dual monarchy ruled by Abdulaziz following the victory of the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd over the Hashemite Kingdom of the Hejaz in 1925. It was the fourth iteration of the Third Saudi State.
The Third Saudi state is the heir to the two earlier Saudi states: the first and the second, founded by Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman, who managed to capture the city of Riyadh on January 13, 1902. A long series of conflicts and conquests ultimately led to the establishment of the modern and contemporary Saudi state, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Saudi Arabia, formerly known as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd until 22 September 1932. The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd had been separate countries until the mid-1920s.
The Emirate of Nejd and Hasa was the second iteration of the Third Saudi State from 1913 to 1921. It was a monarchy led by the House of Saud. The state was formed after Saudi forces seized Al-Ahsa from the control of the Ottoman garrison, during the Conquest of al-Hasa. It was the direct antecedent of the Sultanate of Nejd, and a legal predecessor of modern-day Saudi Arabia.
Saudi National Day is a public holiday in Saudi Arabia celebrated annually on 23 September to commemorate the proclamation that renamed the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932 through a royal decree by King Abdulaziz ibn Saud. It was founded in 1965 on its 33rd anniversary by King Faisal bin Abdulaziz in order to replace the Royal Seating Day and was made a public holiday by King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz in 2005. Saudi National Day is one of the three non-religious holidays observed in the country, other being the Saudi Founding Day and Saudi Flag Day.
The king of Saudi Arabia, officially the king of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is the monarch and head of state/head of government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who holds absolute power. He is the head of the Saudi Arabian royal family, the House of Saud. The king is the supreme commander-in-chief of the Royal Saudi Armed Forces and the head of the Saudi national honors system. The king is called the "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques", a title that signifies Saudi Arabia's jurisdiction over the mosques of Masjid al-Haram in Mecca and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina. The title has been used many times through the history of Islam. The first Saudi king to use the title was Faisal; however, King Khalid did not use the title after him. In 1986, King Fahd replaced "His Majesty" with the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, and it has been since used by both King Abdullah and King Salman. The king has been named the most powerful and influential Muslim and Arab leader in the world according to the Muslim 500.
The crown prince of Saudi Arabia is the second-most important position in Saudi Arabia, second to the King, and is his designated successor. Currently, the Crown Prince assumes power with the approval of the Allegiance Council after he is nominated by the King. This system was introduced to the country during the reign of King Abdullah. In the absence of the King, an order is issued to have the Crown Prince manage the affairs of the state until the King's return.
Ahmed bin Abdullah Al Thunayan (1889–1923) was a Turkish-born Saudi royal and government official who was one of the advisors to Abdulaziz, Emir of Nejd, who later founded the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He was the paternal uncle of Iffat Al Thunayan, spouse of King Faisal.
Abdullah bin Thunayan Al Saud was Emir of Nejd from 1841 to May 1843. He is the sole member of the Al Thunayan branch of the Al Saud who became emir.
Khalid bin Muhammad Al Saud was a member of the Saudi royal family. He was the eldest son of Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman who was the half-brother of King Abdulaziz.
The Declaration of theUnification of Saudi Arabia was officially announced by Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz, the Viceroy of Hejaz on behalf of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud on September 23, 1932, at 9:00 am from al-Hamidiyah Palace in Mecca. Faisal read out the Royal Decree No. 2716 issued by Abdulaziz ibn Saud on September 18, 1932, that renamed the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd and its annexes as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Royal Seating Day was the national accession day observed in the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz from 1930 to 1931, and later in Saudi Arabia from 1934 to 1963, commemorating the pledge of allegiance and anniversary of the succession to the country's throne by the hereditary sovereign. It was observed on 8 January and 12 November throughout the rule of King Abdulalziz ibn Saud and his successor King Saud bin Abdulalziz respectively. The celebrations were officially abrogated in 1965 when King Faisal bin Abdulaziz replaced it with the Saudi National Day.
^‡ assassinated.