List of conflicts by duration

Last updated

The following list ranks wars and times of war or conflict by their duration, including both historical and ongoing battles.

Contents

List

Key
*Ongoing Wars
War or conflictKeyStart dateEnd dateDuration
Reconquista 7181492774 years
Anglo-French Wars 11091815706 years
Roman–Persian Wars 54 BC628681 years
Byzantine–Bulgarian wars 6801355675 years
Roman-Germanic wars 113 BC476588 years [1]
Arab–Byzantine wars 6291180551 years
Yaqui Wars 15331929396 years
Yemeni–Ottoman conflicts 15381911373 years
Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts 14151769354 years
Russo-Turkish wars 15681918350 years
Arauco War 15361883347 years
Dano-Swedish wars 14701814344 years
Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years' War 16511986335 years, 2 weeks and 4 days
Spanish–Moro conflict 15651898333 years
Apache–Mexico Wars 16001915315 years
American Indian Wars 16091924315 years[ citation needed ]
Ottoman–Persian Wars 15141823309 years
Burmese-Siamese wars 15471855308 years
Han–Xiongnu War 200 BC91290 years
Navajo Wars 16001866266 years
Ottoman–Habsburg wars 15261791265 years
Byzantine–Seljuk wars 10481308260 years[ citation needed ]
Anglo-Scottish Wars 12961547251 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 1 day
Chechen–Russian conflict 17852017232 years
Warring States period 453 BC223 BC230 years
Muslim conquests of Afghanistan 642870228 years
Polish-Russian Wars 15771794217 years, 10 months, 2 weeks and 1 day
Byzantine–Ottoman wars 12651479214 years[ citation needed ]
Polish–Teutonic War 13081521213 years
Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula 218 BC19 BC199 years
Russian conquest of Siberia 15801778198 years
Crusades 10961291194 years, 9 months and 3 days
Cossack uprisings 15911775184 years
Byzantine–Lombard wars 568751183 years
Russo-Persian Wars 16511828177 years
Spanish conquest of Guatemala 15241697173 years
Spanish conquest of Chiapas 15231695172 years
Genoese–Mongol Wars 13071478171 years
Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars 13681537169 years
Mughal–Sikh wars 16211788167 years
Ottoman–Hungarian wars 13661526160 years
Polish–Swedish wars 15631721158 years
Anglo-Dutch Wars 16521810158 years
Sengoku period 14671615148 years
Australian frontier wars 17881934146 years
Hook and Cod wars 13501490140 years
Mongol invasions and conquests 12061337131 years
Chola-Chalakya Wars 9921120128 years
Early Muslim conquests 622750128 years
Second Hundred Years' War 16891815126 years
Punic Wars 264 BC146 BC118 years
Hundred Years' War 13371453116 years [2]
Russo-Kazan Wars 14371552115 years
Norwegian civil wars 11301240110 years
Tuareg rebellions *1916Ongoing109 years
Jin–Song Wars 11251234109 years
Seleucid–Parthian Wars 238 BC129 BC109 years
Crisis of the Roman Republic 135 BC27 BC108 years
Kurdish separatism in Iran *1918Ongoing107 years
Georgian–Seljuk wars 10991203104 years
Hephthalite–Sasanian Wars 459562103 years
Kurdish rebellions in Turkey *6 March 1921Ongoing104 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 3 days
Montenegro-Japan War [3] [4] [5] [6] 19042008102 years, 4 months, 1 week and 1 day
Russo-Circassian War 17631864100 years, 10 months and 4 days
Xhosa Wars 17791879100 years
Zemene Mesafint 17551855100 years
Xinjiang conflict *1931Ongoing94 years
Beaver Wars 1609170192 years
Afghan–Sikh Wars 1751183786 years
Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 1918200385 years
Dagohoy rebellion 24 January 174431 August 182985 years, 7 months and 1 week
Anglo-Afghan War 1839191980 years
Eighty Years' War 1568164880 years [7]
Korean conflict *15 August 1945Ongoing80 years, 2 weeks and 1 day
Spanish conquest of Petén 1618169779 years
Rohingya insurgency *1947Ongoing78 years
Muslim conquest of Transoxiana 67375178 years
Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts *22 October 1947Ongoing77 years, 10 months, 1 week and 1 day
Kashmir conflict *22 October 1947Ongoing77 years, 10 months, 1 week and 1 day
Internal conflict in Myanmar *2 April 1948Ongoing77 years, 4 months and 4 weeks
Arab–Israeli conflict *15 May 1948Ongoing77 years, 3 months, 2 weeks and 1 day
Anglo-Ashanti wars 1823190077 years
Umayyad conquest of Hispania 71178877 years
Insurgency in Balochistan *July 1948Ongoing77 years, 1 month, 4 weeks and 1 day
Ethiopian-Somali wars *23 September 1948Ongoing76 years, 11 months and 1 week
Karen conflict *31 January 1949Ongoing76 years, 6 months, 4 weeks and 2 days [8]
Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes *March 1949Ongoing76 years, 5 months, 4 weeks and 1 day
Muslim conquest of Sicily June 827August 90275 years and 2 months
Apache Wars 1849192475 years
French conquest of Algeria 1830190373 years
Dzungar–Qing Wars 1687175871 years
Jewish–Roman wars 6613670 years
Argentine Civil Wars 1814188066 years
Italian Wars 1494155965 years
South Thailand insurgency *1960Ongoing65 years
Darfur Wars of Succession 1722178664 years
Papua conflict *1 October 1962Ongoing62 years, 10 months, 4 weeks and 1 day
Cross border attacks in Sabah *8 December 1962Ongoing62 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 1 day
Insurgency in Northeast India *1963Ongoing62 years
Muslim conquest of the Maghreb 64770962 years
Anglo-Burmese Wars 5 March 182429 November 188561 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 3 days
Colombian conflict *27 May 1964Ongoing61 years, 3 months and 3 days
Insurgency in Manipur *24 November 1964Ongoing60 years, 9 months and 6 days
Sixty Years' War 1754181460 years
Dutch–Portuguese War 1601166160 years
Lelantine War 710 BC650 BC60 years
Israeli–Lebanese conflict 14 May 194818 August 200658 years, 3 months and 4 days
Naxalite–Maoist insurgency *18 May 1967Ongoing58 years, 3 months, 1 week and 5 days
Texas–Indian wars 1820187555 years
Civil conflict in the Philippines *29 March 1969Ongoing56 years, 5 months and 1 day
Western Sahara conflict *17 June 1970Ongoing55 years, 2 months, 1 week and 6 days
Basque conflict 31 July 195920 October 201152 years, 2 months, 2 weeks and 6 days
Bulgarian–Ottoman wars 1344139652 years
Galicia–Volhynia Wars 1340139252 years
Communist insurgency in Burma 1939198950 years
Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria 968101850 years
Greco-Persian Wars 499 BC449 BC50 years [9]
Moro conflict 29 March 196922 February 201949 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 3 days
Cabinda War *8 November 1975Ongoing49 years, 9 months, 3 weeks and 1 day
Comanche–Mexico Wars 1821187049 years
Whisky War (Liquor War)17 December 197314 June 202248 years, 5 months and 4 weeks
Afghanistan conflict *27 April 1978Ongoing47 years, 4 months and 3 days[ citation needed ]
Wars of the Diadochi 322 BC275 BC47 years [10]
Caucasian War 1817186447 years
Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–2025) 27 November 197812 May 202546 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 1 day
Assam separatist movements *7 April 1979Ongoing46 years, 4 months, 3 weeks and 2 days
Cold War (Indirect War) (outline) 16 April 194626 December 199145 years, 8 months, 1 week and 3 days
Internal conflict in Peru *17 May 1980Ongoing45 years, 3 months, 1 week and 6 days
Maoist insurgency in Turkey *12 September 1980Ongoing44 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 4 days
Chadian Civil Wars 1 November 196515 January 201044 years, 2 months and 2 weeks
Kongo Civil War 29 October 16654 October 170943 years, 11 months and 5 days
Sino-Dutch conflicts 1620166242 years
Thirty-Eight Years' War 77081141 years[ citation needed ]
Umayyad invasion of Gaul 71975940 years
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire 1532157240 years
Chichimeca War 1550159040 years
Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts 1918195840 years
Comanche Wars 1836187539 years
Bab al-Tabbaneh–Jabal Mohsen conflict 1976201539 years
Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 1987202437 years
Sectarianism in Pakistan *1987Ongoing38 years
Abkhaz–Georgian conflict *18 March 1989Ongoing36 years, 5 months, 1 week and 5 days
Guatemalan Civil War 13 November 196029 December 199636 years, 1 month, 2 weeks and 2 days [11]
French Wars of Religion 1562159836 years
Banana Wars 1898193436 years
Anglo-Powhatan Wars 1610164636 years
Internal conflict in Bangladesh *1989Ongoing36 years
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir *13 July 1989Ongoing36 years, 1 month, 2 weeks and 3 days
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 20 February 19881 January 202435 years, 10 months, 1 week and 5 days
Georgian–Ossetian conflict *10 November 1989Ongoing35 years, 9 months, 2 weeks and 6 days
DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey *1 April 1990Ongoing35 years, 4 months, 4 weeks and 1 day
Holy Man's Rebellion 1901193635 years
Somali Civil War *May 1991 [nb 1] Ongoing34 years, 3 months, 4 weeks and 1 day
Oromo conflict *1992Ongoing33 years
Ayutthaya-Lan Na War 1441147433 years
Wars of the Roses 1455148732 years [19]
First War of Scottish Independence 1296132832 years [20]
Casamance conflict 1982201432 years
Anglo-Mysore Wars 1767179932 years
Libyan resistance movement 1911194332 years
Second Viking invasion of the British Isles 980101232 years
Insurgency in Laos 3 December 1975200832 years
Aceh War 1873190431 years [21]
Āfāqī Khoja Holy War 1826185731 years
The Troubles 1968199830 years
Thirty Years' War 1618164830 years [22]
Chiapas conflict 1994201431 years
Eritrean War of Independence 1 September 196129 May 199129 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 2 days
Norman Conquest of Sicily May 1061February 109129 years and 9 months
Murid War 1830185929 years
Insurgency in Meghalaya *1996Ongoing29 years
Allied Democratic Forces insurgency *1996Ongoing29 years
Insurgency in Aceh 4 December 197615 August 200528 years, 8 months, 1 week and 4 days
Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 1 March 192015 May 194828 years, 2 months and 2 weeks
Portuguese Restoration War 1640166828 years [23]
Nicaraguan Revolution 1962199028 years
FULRO insurgency 20 September 1964October 199228 years
Communist insurgency in Sarawak December 19623 November 199027 years, 11 months and 2 days
Peloponnesian War 431 BC404 BC27 years [24]
New Zealand Wars 1845187227 years
Angolan Civil War 1975200227 years [25]
Communal conflicts in Nigeria *1998Ongoing27 years
Russo-Finnish wars 27 January 191819 September 194426 years, 7 months, 3 weeks and 2 days
Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen *30 December 1998Ongoing26 years and 8 months
Sri Lankan Civil War 23 July 198318 May 200925 years, 9 months, 3 weeks and 4 days
Mughal–Maratha Wars September 1681May 170725 years and 8 months
Livonian War 1558158325 years [26]
Spanish American wars of independence 1808183325 years
Insurgency in Ogaden 22 February 199412 August 201824 years, 5 months and 3 weeks
South African Border War 26 August 196621 March 199024 years
Indonesian occupation of East Timor 7 December 197531 October 199923 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 3 days
War on terror *14 September 2001Ongoing [27] 23 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 2 days
Great French War 20 April 179220 November 181523 years and 7 months [28]
Insurgency in the Maghreb *11 April 2002Ongoing23 years, 4 months, 2 weeks and 5 days
First Punic War 264 BC241 BC23 years
Second Afar insurgency 199518 July 201823 years
Silesian Wars 1740176323 years
Conflict in the Niger Delta *12 March 2003Ongoing22 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 4 days
War in Darfur *26 February 2003Ongoing22 years, 6 months and 4 days
Laotian Civil War 9 November 19532 December 197522 years, 3 weeks and 2 days
Second Sudanese Civil War 1983200522 years
Italian Unification Wars 1848187022 years
Occupation of Araucanía 1861188322 years
Norman conquest of England 1066108822 years
Kandyan Wars 1796181822 years
Little War in Hungary 1530155222 years
Chinese Civil War 1 August 19277 December 194922 years
Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989) 17 June 19682 December 198921 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 1 day
Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa *16 March 2004Ongoing21 years, 5 months and 2 weeks
Iran–PJAK conflict *1 April 2004Ongoing21 years, 4 months, 4 weeks and 1 day
Kivu conflict *2004Ongoing21 years
Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency *2004Ongoing21 years
United States occupation of Nicaragua 1912193321 years
Lazic War 54156221 years
Great Northern War 1700172121 years [29]
Ottoman conquest of Habesh 1557157821 years
Muslim conquest of Persia 63365421 years
Eumeralla Wars 1840186020 years
War of the Sicilian Vespers 1282130220 years
Somaliland campaign 1900192020 years
Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict 19772 December 199720 years
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 7 October 200115 August 202119 years, 10 months, 1 week and 1 day
Insurgency in Paraguay *27 August 2005Ongoing20 years and 3 days
Vietnam War (outline) 1 November 195530 April 197519 years, 5 months, 4 weeks and 1 day [30]
Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591 57259119 years
Miao Rebellion (1854–1873) 1854187319 years
Gothic War 53555419 years[ citation needed ]
Jeroboam's Revolt 931 BC913 BC18 years
Mexican drug war *11 December 2006Ongoing18 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 5 days
Communist insurgency in Thailand 1965198318 years
Basmachi movement 1916193418 years
Mahdist War 1881189918 years
Second Punic War 218 BC201 BC17 years
Ethiopian Civil War 12 September 19744 June 199116 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 2 days
First Sudanese Civil War 18 August 195527 March 197216 years, 7 months, 1 week and 2 days
Bolivian War of Independence 1809182516 years
Chilean War of Independence 1810182616 years
Western Sahara War 30 October 19756 September 199115 years, 10 months and 1 week
Great Turkish War 14 July 168326 January 169915 years, 6 months, 1 week and 5 days
Lebanese Civil War 13 April 197513 October 199015 years and 6 months
Rhodesian Bush War 4 July 196412 December 197915 years, 5 months, 1 week and 1 day
Morean War 1684169915 years
Jewish–Babylonian War 601 BC586 BC15 years
Cambodian–Vietnamese War 30 April 197723 October 199114 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 2 days
Syrian Civil War *15 March 2011Ongoing [nb 2] 14 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 1 day
Third Indochina War 1978199214 years
Dhofar Rebellion 1962197614 years
Years of Lead (Italy) 1968198214 years
Taiping Rebellion 1850186414 years
Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) 1686170014 years
Abyssinian–Adal war 1529154314 years
Marcomannic Wars 16618014 years
Second Sino-Japanese War 18 September 19319 September 194513 years, 11 months, 3 weeks and 1 day
Portuguese Colonial War 4 February 196125 April 197413 years, 2 months and 3 weeks
Darul Islam rebellion August 1949September 196213 years, 3 weeks and 5 days
War of the Spanish Succession 9 July 170211 July 171513 years and 2 days
Peruvian War of Independence 1811182413 years
Venezuelan War of Independence 1810182313 years
Wars of Alexander the Great 336 BC323 BC13 years
Napoleonic Wars 18 May 180320 November 181512 years, 6 months and 2 days [28]
Burundian Civil War 21 October 199315 April 200612 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 4 days
Haitian Revolution 21 August 17911 January 180412 years, 4 months, 1 week and 4 days
Malayan Emergency 16 June 194812 July 196012 years, 3 weeks and 5 days
Salvadoran Civil War 15 October 197916 January 199212 years, 3 months and 1 day
Iraqi no-fly zones conflict 1991200312 years
Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1639165112 years
Cimbrian War 113 BC101 BC12 years
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts (1979–1991) 1979199112 years
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 23 January 196310 September 197411 years, 7 months, 2 weeks and 4 days
Queen Anne's War 8 March 170213 July 171311 years, 4 months and 5 days
Russo-Ukrainian War *20 February 2014Ongoing11 years, 6 months, 1 week and 3 days
Mexican War of Independence 16 September 181027 September 182111 years, 1 week and 4 days
Dano-Swedish War 1501151211 years
Pool Department insurgency 1997200811 years
Insurgency in Punjab 1984199511 years
Sierra Leone Civil War 23 March 199118 January 200210 years, 9 months, 3 weeks and 5 days
Nepalese Civil War 13 February 199621 November 200610 years, 9 months, 1 week and 1 day
Yemeni Civil War *16 September 2014Ongoing10 years, 11 months and 2 weeks
Houthi insurgency in Yemen 18 June 20046 February 201510 years, 7 months, 2 weeks and 5 days
Yugoslav Wars 31 March 199112 November 200110 years, 7 months, 1 week and 5 days
Algerian Civil War 26 December 19918 February 200210 years, 1 month, 1 week and 6 days
Somaliland War of Independence 6 April 198118 May 199110 years, 1 month, 1 week and 5 days
Soviet–Afghan War 24 December 197915 February 19899 years, 1 month, 3 weeks and 1 day
Iraq War 20 March 200315 December 20118 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 4 days
American Revolutionary War 19 April 17753 September 17838 years, 4 months, 2 weeks and 1 day
Aksumite-Persian wars 5705788 years
Iran–Iraq War 22 September 198020 August 19887 years, 10 months, 4 weeks and 1 day
War of the Austrian Succession 16 December 174018 October 17487 years, 10 months and 2 days
World War II 1 September 19392 September 19456 years and 1 day
Jebel Akhdar War 30 January 195410 October 19595 years, 8 months, 1 week and 3 days
Paraguayan War 186418705 years, 3 months, 2 weeks and 2 days
Second Congo War (African World War)2 August 199818 June 20034 years, 10 months, 2 weeks and 2 days
Russian Civil War 7 November 191716 June 19234 years, 7 months, 1 week and 2 days
World War I (outline) 28 July 191411 November 19184 years, 3 months and 2 weeks
American Civil War (outline)12 April 18619 April 18653 years, 11 months and 4 weeks
Philippine-American War 4 February 18992 July 19023 years, 3 months, 4 weeks and 1 day
War of Attrition 1 July 19677 August 19703 years, 1 month and 6 days
Korean War 25 June 195027 July 19533 years, 1 month and 2 days
Spanish Civil War 17 July 19361 April 19392 years, 9 months, 2 weeks and 1 day
War of 1812 18 June 181217 February 18152 years, 8 months, 4 weeks and 2 days
Nigerian Civil War 6 July 196715 January 19702 years, 7 months, 1 week and 2 days
Crimean War 16 October 185330 March 18562 years, 5 months and 2 weeks
Tigray War 3 November 20203 November 20222 years
War of the Polish Succession 10 October 17333 October 17351 year, 11 months, 3 weeks and 2 days
Mexican–American War 25 April 18462 February 18481 year, 9 months, 1 week and 1 day
Toyota War 16 December 198611 September 19878 months, 3 weeks and 5 days
Gulf War 2 August 199028 February 19916 months, 3 weeks and 5 days
Spanish–American War 21 April 189813 August 18983 months, 3 weeks and 2 days
Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising 2 August 1903November 19032 or 3 months
Falklands War 2 April 198214 June 19822 months, 1 week and 5 days
Austro-Prussian War 14 June 186622 July 18661 month, 1 week and 1 day
Turkish-Cypriot War of 1974 20 July 197418 August 19744 weeks and 1 day
Serbo-Bulgarian War 14 November 188528 November 18852 weeks
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 3 December 197116 December 19711 week and 6 days
Iran–Israel War 13 June 202524 June 20251 week and 5 days
Russo-Georgian War 1 August 200812 August 20081 week and 4 days
Six Day War 5 June 196710 June 19676 days
Rwandan-Ugandan War 5 June 200010 June 20005 days
Football War 14 July 196918 July 19694 days
Wagner Group rebellion 23 June 202324 June 20231 day
2023 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes 19 September 2023 (13:17)20 September 2023 (13:00)23 hours 43 minutes
2008 Invasion of Anjoun 25 March 2008 (05:00)25 March 2008 (12:00)7 hours
Anglo-Zanzibar war 27 August 1896 (09:00)27 August 1896 (09:37)38 minutes

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Various start dates have been offered for when the civil war in Somalia began. The Central Bank of Somalia, [12] the United Nations, [13] [14] the US Office of the Secretary of Defense, [15] and Necrometrics all assert that the conflict started in 1991, after the ouster of the Siad Barre administration. [16] Political scientist James Fearon argues that the start of the conflict could be dated to 1981, when armed Isaaq clan militias began to launch small-scale attacks against the Barre regime and its Isaaq members, to the razing of the Isaaq majority town of Hargeisa in 1988 by state forces, or to 1991, following the collapse of the Barre administration and the commencement of interclan warfare. For analytical purposes, he settles on 1991 for the start date of a new civil war, on the grounds that the fighting had begun previously, but that a major party to the conflict was defeated. [17] Robinson writes that the "civil war had effectively begun by 1987", referring to Compagnon. [18]
  2. ↑ With the Ba'athist regime prevailing, the hostilities were mostly put on hold between 6 March 2020 and 27 November 2024, when the Syrian opposition launched a campaign of quick successful military offensives in Northwestern Syria, toppling the Assad regime on 8 December. Further fate of the ongoing conflict remains uncertain. [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]

References

  1. ↑ McKitterick, Rosamond; Collins, R. (1990). The New Cambridge Medieval. History 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 289. ISBN   9780521362924 . Retrieved 26 July 2012.
  2. ↑ Corrigan, Gordon (2014). Great and glorious adventure : a history of the hundred years war and the birth of renaissance... [S.l.]: Pegasus Books. ISBN   978-1605985794.
  3. ↑ "Montenegro, Japan end 100 years' war". History News Network. 16 June 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  4. ↑ "Japan in Montenegro". Telegrafi. 8 August 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  5. ↑ Boring, War Is (2 November 2016). "Why Montenegro Was at War With Japan for 102 Years—and Other Tales of Undeclared Peace". Medium. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  6. ↑ "Montenegro, Japan to declare truce - UPI.com". UPI. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  7. ↑ Hart, Marjolein 't (2011). Dutch wars of independence : the eighty years struggle, 1566–1648. [S.l.]: Longman. ISBN   978-0582209671.
  8. ↑ Charney, Michael W. (2009). A history of modern Burma (1. publ.3. print. ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0521617581.
  9. ↑ Green, Peter (1996). The Greco-Persian wars ([Repr.]. ed.). Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of California Press. ISBN   0520205731.
  10. ↑ Romm, James (2012). Ghost on the throne : the death of Alexander the Great and the war for crown and empire (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN   978-0307271648.
  11. ↑ Chauche, Victor Perera; photographs by Daniel (1995). Unfinished conquest : the Guatemalan tragedy. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN   0520203496.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ "Board of Directors". Central Bank of Somalia. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  13. ↑ "UN senior official calls for widespread support for Somali Government reform efforts" (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  14. ↑ "Somalia - UNOSOM II: Background". United Nations. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  15. ↑ "Richard B. Cheney - George H.W. Bush Administration". US Office of the Secretary of Defense. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  16. ↑ "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls and Casualty Statistics for Wars, Dictatorships and Genocides". Users.erols.com. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  17. ↑ Fearon, James D. (2004). "Why Do Some Civil Wars Last So Much Longer Than Others?". Journal of Peace Research. 41 (3): 275–301. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.19.3818 . doi:10.1177/0022343304043770. S2CID   7158376.
  18. ↑ Robinson, Colin (2016). "Revisiting the rise and fall of the Somali Armed Forces, 1960–2012". Defense & Security Analysis. 32 (3): 237–252. doi:10.1080/14751798.2016.1199122. S2CID   156874430.
  19. ↑ Jones, Dan (2014). Wars of the roses : the fall of the plantagenets and the rise of the tudors. [S.l.]: Viking. ISBN   978-0670026678.
  20. ↑ Traquair, Peter (1998). Freedoms̓ sword. London: HarperCollins. ISBN   0004720792.
  21. ↑ Martinkus, John (2004). Indonesia's secret war in Aceh (1. publ. ed.). Milsons Point, N.S.W.: Random House. ISBN   174051209X.
  22. ↑ Wilson, Peter H. (2011). The Thirty Years War : Europe's tragedy (1st Harvard University Press pbk. ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN   978-0674062313.
  23. ↑ Birmingham, David (2003). A concise history of Portugal (2. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   0521536863.
  24. ↑ Kagan, Donald (2004). The Peloponnesian War. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN   0142004375.
  25. ↑ III, W. Martin James (2011). A political history of the civil war in Angola, 1974–1990 (Pbk. ed.). New Brunswick, [N.J.], U.S.A.: Transaction Publishers. ISBN   978-1412815062.
  26. ↑ Stevens, Carol B. (2007). Russia's wars of emergence : 1460–1730. Harlo [u.a.]: Pearson Longman. ISBN   978-0582218918.
  27. ↑ "Will the 'War on Terror' ever end?". BBC News . Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  28. 1 2 Rothenberg, Gunther E. (2006). The Napoleonic Wars. [Washington, D.C.]: Smithsonian Books. ISBN   006085121X.
  29. ↑ Frost, Robert I. (2000). The northern wars : war, state, and society in northeastern Europe, 1558 – 1721 ([Nachdr.] ed.). Harlow [u.a.]: Longman. ISBN   0582064295.
  30. ↑ Karnow, Stanley (1997). Vietnam, a history (2nd rev. and updated ed.). New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books. ISBN   0140265473.
  31. ↑ "Syrian Civil War Enters 10th Year". Voice of America. RFE/RL. 15 March 2020. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024.
  32. ↑ "Syria: Grim 10-year anniversary of 'unimaginable violence and indignities'". UN News. 15 March 2021. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024.
  33. ↑ Sherlock, Ruth; Neuman, Scott; Homsi, Nada (15 March 2021). "Syria's Civil War Started A Decade Ago. Here's Where It Stands". NPR. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024.
  34. ↑ Ozcan, Ethem Emre (14 March 2021). "10 years since start of Syrian civil war". Anadolu Ajansı. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023.
  35. ↑ Romey, Kristin (9 March 2022). "11 years into Syria's civil war, this is what everyday life looks like" . National Geographic. Photographs by Keo, William. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022.
  36. ↑ "Twelve years on from the beginning of Syria's war". Al Jazeera. 15 March 2023. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024.
  37. ↑ Nawaz, Amna; Warsi, Zeba; Cebrián Aranda, Teresa (15 March 2023). "Syrians mark 12 years of civil war with no end in sight". PBS News. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024.
  38. ↑ "Why has the Syrian war lasted 12 years?". BBC News. 15 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024.
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