List of hyperaccumulators

This article covers known hyperaccumulators, accumulators or species tolerant to the following: Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Naphthalene, Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn).

See also:

• Hyperaccumulators table – 2: Nickel
• Hyperaccumulators table – 3: Cd, Cs, Co, Pu, Ra, Sr, U, radionuclides, hydrocarbons, organic solvents, etc.

Hyperaccumulators table – 1

hyperaccumulators and contaminants : Al, Ag, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, naphthalene, Pb, Se, Zn – accumulation rates

Contaminant	Accumulation rates (in mg/kg dry weight)	Binomial name	English name	H-Hyperaccumulator or A-Accumulator P-Precipitator T-Tolerant	Notes	Sources
Al	A-	Agrostis castellana	highland bentgrass	As(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)	Origin: Portugal.	[1] : 898
Al	1000	Hordeum vulgare	Barley		25 records of plants.	[1] : 891  [2]
Al		Hydrangea spp.	Hydrangea (a.k.a. Hortensia)
Al	Aluminium concentrations in young leaves, mature leaves, old leaves, and roots were found to be 8.0, 9.2, 14.4, and 10.1 mg g1, respectively. [3]	Melastoma malabathricum L.	Blue Tongue, or Native Lassiandra	P competes with Al and reduces uptake. [4]
Al		Solidago hispida (Solidago canadensis L.)	Hairy Goldenrod		Origin Canada.	[1] : 891  [2]
Al	100	Vicia faba	Horse Bean			[1] : 891  [2]
Ag	10-1200	Salix miyabeana	Willow	Ag(T)	Seemed able to adapt to high AgNO3 concentrations on a long timeline	[5]
Ag		Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Cr, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn	Phytoextraction	[1] : 20  [6]
Ag		Salix spp.	Osier spp.	Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1] : 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)	[1] : 19
Ag		Amanita strobiliformis	European Pine Cone Lepidella	Ag(H)	Macrofungi, Basidiomycete. Known from Europe, prefers calcareous areas	[9]
Ag	10-1200	Brassica juncea	Indian Mustard	Ag(H)	Can form alloys of silver-gold-copper	[10]
As	100	Agrostis capillaris L.	Common Bent Grass, Browntop. (= A. tenuris)	Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)		[1] : 891
As	H-	Agrostis castellana	Highland Bent Grass	Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)	Origin Portugal.	[1] : 898
As	1000	Agrostis tenerrima Trin.	Colonial bentgrass		4 records of plants	[1] : 891  [11]
As	2-1300	Cyanoboletus pulverulentus	Ink Stain Bolete	contains dimethylarsinic acid	Europe	[12]
As	27,000 (fronds) [13]	Pteris vittata L.	Ladder brake fern or Chinese brake fern	26% of As in the soil removed after 20 weeks' plantation, about 90% As accumulated in fronds. [14]	Root extracts reduce arsenate to arsenite. [15]
As	100-7000	Sarcosphaera coronaria	pink crown, violet crown-cup, or violet star cup	As(H)	Ectomycorrhizal ascomycete, known from Europe	[16] [17]
Be					No reports found for accumulation	[1] : 891
Cr		Azolla spp.	mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern			[1] : 891  [18]
Cr	H-	Bacopa monnieri	Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola	Cd(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)	Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.	[1] : 898  [19]
Cr		Brassica juncea L.	Indian mustard	Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)	Cultivated in agriculture.	[1] : 19, 898  [20]
Cr		Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Ag, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn	Phytoextraction	[6] [1] : 19
Cr	A-	Vallisneria americana	Tape Grass	Cd(H), Pb(H)	Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.	[1] : 898
Cr	1000	Dicoma niccolifera			35 records of plants	[1] : 891
Cr	roots naturally absorb pollutants, some organic compounds believed to be carcinogenic, [21] in concentrations 10,000 times that in the surrounding water. [22]	Eichhornia crassipes	Water Hyacinth	Cd(H), Cu(A), Hg(H), [21] Pb(H), [21] Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, [21] [23] and pesticides. [24]	Pantropical/Subtropical. Plants sprayed with 2,4-D may accumulate lethal doses of nitrates. [25] 'The troublesome weed' – hence an excellent source of bioenergy. [21]	[1] : 898
Cr		Helianthus annuus	Sunflower		Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration	[1] : 19, 898
Cr	A-	Hydrilla verticillata	Hydrilla	Cd(H), Hg(H), Pb(H)		[1] : 898
Cr		Medicago sativa	Alfalfa			[1] : 891  [26]
Cr		Pistia stratiotes	Water lettuce	Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H), Cu(T)		[1] : 891, 898  [27]
Cr		Salix spp.	Osier spp.	Ag, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1] : 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)	[1] : 19
Cr		Salvinia molesta	Kariba weeds or water ferns	Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)		[1] : 891, 898  [28]
Cr		Spirodela polyrhiza	Giant Duckweed	Cd(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)	Native to North America.	[1] : 891, 898  [28]
Cr	100	Jamesbrittenia fodina Hilliard Sutera fodina Wild				[1] : 891  [29] [30]
Cr	A-	Thlaspi caerulescens	Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass	Cd(H), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)	Phytoextraction. T. caerulescens may acidify its rhizosphere, which would affect metal uptake by increasing available metals [31]	[1] : 19, 891, 898  [32] [33] [34]
Cu	9000	Aeollanthus biformifolius				[35]
Cu		Athyrium yokoscense	(Japanese false spleenwort?)	Cd(A), Pb(H), Zn(H)	Origin Japan.	[1] : 898
Cu	A-	Azolla filiculoides	Pacific mosquitofern	Ni(A), Pb(A), Mn(A)	Origin Africa. Floating plant.	[1] : 898
Cu	H-	Bacopa monnieri	Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola	Cd(H), Cr(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)	Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.	[1] : 898  [19]
Cu		Brassica juncea L.	Indian mustard	Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)	cultivated	[1] : 19, 898  [20]
Cu	H-	Vallisneria americana	Tape Grass	Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H)	Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.	[1] : 898
Cu		Eichhornia crassipes	Water Hyacinth	Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A), Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24]	Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.	[1] : 898
Cu	1000	Haumaniastrum robertii ( Lamiaceae )	Copper flower		27 records of plants. Origin Africa. This species' phanerogam has the highest cobalt content. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper. [36]	[1] : 891  [33]
Cu		Helianthus annuus	Sunflower		Phytoextraction with rhizofiltration	[1] : 898  [33]
Cu	1000	Larrea tridentata	Creosote Bush		67 records of plants. Origin U.S.	[1] : 891  [33]
Cu	H-	Lemna minor	Duckweed	Pb(H), Cd(H), Zn(A)	Native to North America and widespread worldwide.	[1] : 898
Cu		Ocimum centraliafricanum	Copper plant	Cu(T), Ni(T)	Origin Southern Africa	[37]
Cu	T-	Pistia stratiotes	Water Lettuce	Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H)	Pantropical. Origin South U.S.A. Aquatic herb.	[1] : 898
Cu		Thlaspi caerulescens	Alpine pennycress, Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass	Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)	Phytoextraction. Cu noticeably limits its growth. [34]	[1] : 19, 891, 898  [31] [32] [33] [34]
Mn	A-	Agrostis castellana	Highland Bent Grass	Al(A), As(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)	Origin Portugal.	[1] : 898
Mn		Azolla filiculoides	Pacific mosquitofern	Cu(A), Ni(A), Pb(A)	Origin Africa. Floating plant.	[1] : 898
Mn		Brassica juncea L.	Indian mustard			[1] : 19  [20]
Mn	23,000 (maximum) 11,000 (average) leaf	Chengiopanax sciadophylloides (Franch. & Sav.) C.B.Shang & J.Y.Huang	koshiabura		Origin Japan. Forest tree.	[38]
Mn		Helianthus annuus	Sunflower		Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration	[1] : 19
Mn	1000	Macadamia neurophylla (now Virotia neurophylla (Guillaumin) P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast)			28 records of plants	[1] : 891  [39]
Mn	200					[1] : 891
Hg	A-	Bacopa monnieri	Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola	Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)	Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.	[1] : 898  [19]
Hg		Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Ag, Cr, Pb, Se, Zn	Phytoextraction	[1] : 19  [6]
Hg		Eichhornia crassipes	Water Hyacinth	Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Pb(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24]	Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.	[1] : 898
Hg	H-	Hydrilla verticillata	Hydrilla	Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H)		[1] : 898
Hg	1000	Pistia stratiotes	Water lettuce	Cd(T), Cr(H), Cu(T)	35 records of plants	[1] : 891, 898  [33] [40] [ full citation needed ]
Hg		Salix spp.	Osier spp.	Ag, Cr, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1] : 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)	[1] : 19
Mo	1500	Thlaspi caerulescens ( Brassicaceae )	Alpine pennycress	Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)	phytoextraction	[1] : 19, 891, 898  [31] [32] [33] [34]
Naphthalene		Festuca arundinacea	Tall Fescue		Increases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.	[41]
Naphthalene		Trifolium hirtum	Pink clover, rose clover		Decreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.	[41]
Pb	A-	Agrostis castellana	'Highland Bent Grass	Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Zn(A)	Origin Portugal.	[1] : 898
Pb		Ambrosia artemisiifolia	Ragweed			[6]
Pb		Armeria maritima	Seapink Thrift			[6]
Pb		Athyrium yokoscense	(Japanese false spleenwort?)	Cd(A), Cu(H), Zn(H)	Origin Japan.	[1] : 898
Pb	A-	Azolla filiculoides	Pacific mosquitofern	Cu(A), Ni(A), Mn(A)	Origin Africa. Floating plant.	[1] : 898
Pb	A-	Bacopa monnieri	Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola	Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A)	Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.	[1] : 898  [19]
Pb	H-	Brassica juncea	Indian mustard	Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)	79 recorded plants. Phytoextraction	[1] : 19, 891, 898  [6] [20] [31] [33] [34] [42]
Pb		Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, Zn	Phytoextraction	[1] : 19  [6]
Pb		Brassica oleracea	Ornamental Kale and Cabbage, Broccoli			[6]
Pb	H-	Vallisneria americana	Tape Grass	Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(H)	Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.	[1] : 898
Pb		Eichhornia crassipes	Water Hyacinth	Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24]	Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.	[1] : 898
Pb		Festuca ovina	Blue Sheep Fescue			[6]
Pb		Ipomoea trifida	Morning glory		Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration	[1] : 19, 898  [6] [7] [42]
Pb	H-	Hydrilla verticillata	Hydrilla	Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H)		[1] : 898
Pb	H-	Lemna minor	Duckweed	Cd(H), Cu(H), Zn(H)	Native to North America and widespread worldwide.	[1] : 898
Pb		Salix viminalis	Common Osier	Cd, U, Zn, [7] Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products (S. spp.); [1] : 19  Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)	[7]
Pb	H-	Salvinia molesta	Kariba weeds or water ferns	Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)	Origin India.	[1] : 898
Pb		Spirodela polyrhiza	Giant Duckweed	Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Zn(A)	Native to North America.	[1] : 891, 898  [28]
Pb		Thlaspi caerulescens ( Brassicaceae )	Alpine pennycress, Alpine pennygrass	Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo(H), Ni(H), Zn(H)	Phytoextraction.	[1] : 19, 891, 898  [31] [32] [33] [34]
Pb		Thlaspi rotundifolium	Round-leaved Pennycress			[6]
Pb		Triticum aestivum	Common Wheat			[6]
Se	.012-20	Amanita muscaria	Fly agaric		Cap contains higher concentrations than stalks [43]
Se		Brassica juncea	Indian mustard		Rhizosphere bacteria enhance accumulation. [44]	[1] : 19
Se		Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn	Phytoextraction.	[1] : 19  [6]
Se	Low rates of selenium volatilization from selenate-supplied Muskgrass (10-fold less than from selenite) may be due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of selenium in Muskgrass.	Chara canescens Desv. & Lois	Muskgrass		Muskgrass treated with selenite contains 91% of the total Se in organic forms (selenoethers and diselenides), compared with 47% in Muskgrass treated with selenate. [45] 1.9% of the total Se input is accumulated in its tissues; 0.5% is removed via biological volatilization. [46]	[47]
Se		Bassia scoparia (a.k.a. Kochia scoparia )	burningbush, ragweed, summer cypress, fireball, belvedere and Mexican firebrush, Mexican fireweed	U, [7] Cr, Pb, Hg, Ag, Zn	Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). Phytoextraction.	[1] : 19, 898
Se		Salix spp.	Osier spp.	Ag, Cr, Hg, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1] : 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalis); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).	[1] : 19
Zn	A-	Agrostis castellana	Highland Bent Grass	Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Pb(A)	Origin Portugal.	[1] : 898
Zn		Athyrium yokoscense	(Japanese false spleenwort?)	Cd(A), Cu(H), Pb(H)	Origin Japan.	[1] : 898
Zn		Brassicaceae	Mustards, mustard flowers, crucifers or cabbage family	Cd(H), Cs(H), Ni(H), Sr(H)	Phytoextraction	[1] : 19
Zn		Brassica juncea L.	Indian mustard	Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A).	Larvae of Pieris brassicae do not even sample its high-Zn leaves. (Pollard and Baker, 1997)	[1] : 19, 898  [20]
Zn		Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se	Phytoextraction	[1] : 19  [6]
Zn		Helianthus annuus	Sunflower		Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration	[1] : 19  [7]
Zn		Eichhornia crassipes	Water Hyacinth	Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H). Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24]	Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.	[1] : 898
Zn		Salix viminalis	Common Osier	Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbons, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1] : 19  Cd, Pb, U (S. viminalis); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).	[7]
Zn	A-	Salvinia molesta	Kariba weeds or water ferns	Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)	Origin India.	[1] : 898
Zn	1400	Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke ( Caryophyllaceae )	Bladder campion			Ernst et al. (1990)
Zn		Spirodela polyrhiza	Giant Duckweed	Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H)	Native to North America.	[1] : 891, 898  [28]
Zn	H-10,000	Thlaspi caerulescens ( Brassicaceae )	Alpine pennycress	Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H)	48 records of plants. May acidify its own rhizosphere, which would facilitate absorption by solubilization of the metal [31]	[1] : 19, 891, 898  [32] [33] [34] [42]
Zn		Trifolium pratense	Red Clover	Nonmetal accumulator.	Its rhizosphere is denser in bacteria than that of Thlaspi caerulescens , but T. caerulescens has relatively more metal-resistant bacteria. [31]

Cs-137 activity was much smaller in leaves of larch and sycamore maple than of spruce: spruce > larch > sycamore maple.

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