Since November 2015 Ukrainian authorities, state agencies and local government authorities are forbidden to act as founders (or cofounders) of printed media outlets. [1]
According to a law that went into effect on 16 January 2022, all print media in Ukraine must be published in the state language, Ukrainian. [2] This rule does not apply to material published exclusively in Crimean Tatar, in other languages of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine or in (another) official languages of the European Union. [2]
| Newspaper | Type | City | Circulation | Language(s) | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All About Accounting | National A4 | Kyiv | 93,100 | Ukrainian | http://vobu.ua/ |
| DELO | Berlin format business daily | Kyiv | 15,000 | Ukrainian | https://delo.ua/ |
| Dilova Stolytsya | Broadsheet, business | Kyiv | 50,000 | Ukrainian | https://www.dsnews.ua/ |
| Den | Broadsheet | Kyiv | 60,000 | Ukrainian, English | https://day.kyiv.ua/ |
| Euromaidan Press | Internet | Kyiv | n/a | English, Spanish | https://euromaidanpress.com |
| European Pravda | Internet | n/a | Ukrainian, Russian, English | https://www.eurointegration.com.ua/ | |
| Expres | National | Lviv | 508,200 (on Thursday) 1,223,700 (per week) | Ukrainian | https://expres.online/ |
| Ukrainianwall | National | Kyiv | 30,000 (on Thursday) 220,000 (per week) | Ukrainian | https://ukrainianwall.com/ |
| Fakty ta Komentari | Tabloid | Kyiv | 1,100,000 | Ukrainian | https://fakty.ua/ |
| Gazeta.ua | ? | ? | ? | Ukrainian | https://gazeta.ua/ |
| Interfax-Ukraïna | News Agency | Kyiv | n/a | Ukrainian, English | https://interfax.com.ua/ |
| Khreschatyk | Regional Broadsheet | Kyiv | ????? | Ukrainian | http://kreschatic.kiev.ua/ |
| KP | Broadsheet | Kyiv | 1 million [3] | Ukrainian | https://kp.ua/ |
| The Kyiv Independent | Internet | Kyiv | n/a | English | https://kyivindependent.com/ |
| Kyiv Post | National | Kyiv | 10,000 | English | https://www.kyivpost.com/ |
| Law & Business | National | Kyiv | 16.000 per week | Ukrainian, Russian | https://www.zib.com.ua |
| Odessa Daily | Regional | Odesa | Russian | http://odessa-daily.com.ua/ | |
| The Odessa Journal | Internet | Odesa | n/a | English | https://odessa-journal.com/ |
| Peremoha | Community | Krasnopillia | 1,500 | Ukrainian | |
| Postup | Regional | Lviv | 200,000 | Ukrainian | http://postup.brama.com/ |
| Sevodnya | Tabloid | Kyiv | 700,000 | Russian | https://www.segodnya.ua/ |
| Silski Visti | Broadsheet | Kyiv | 196,669 | Ukrainian | http://www.silskivisti.kiev.ua/ |
| Ukrainska Pravda | Internet | Kyiv | n/a | Ukrainian, English | https://www.pravda.com.ua/ |
| UNIAN | News Agency | Kyiv | n/a | Ukrainian, English | https://www.unian.ua/ |
| Uryadovy Kuryer | Broadsheet | Kyiv | 130,000 - 230,000 | Ukrainian | https://ukurier.gov.ua/uk/ |
| Vecherniye Vesti | Tabloid | Kyiv | 530,000 | Russian | |
| Vesti | National and regional broadsheet, format A3, Monday-Friday | Kyiv Odesa Kharkiv Dnipro | 370 000 (per day) | Russian | http://vesti-ukr.com/ |
| Video Novosti | National | Kyiv | 7,000 | Russian | https://web.archive.org/web/20190321172117/http://videonews.com.ua/ |
| Vysoky Zamok | National | Lviv | 450,000 | Ukrainian | https://www.wz.lviv.ua/ |
| Dzerkalo Tyzhnia | Internet [4] | Kyiv | online newspaper [5] | Ukrainian, Russian | https://dt.ua/ |
| Zbruč | National | Lviv | online newspaper | Ukrainian | https://zbruc.eu/ |
| Zorile Bucovinei | Regional | Chernivtsi | ? | Romanian | http://zorilebucovinei.com/ |
| Ukrayina-Tsentr | Regional | Kropyvnytskyi | 5,000 | Ukrainian | https://uc.kr.ua/ |
The mass media in Belarus consists of TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, cinema, and Internet-based websites/portals. The media is monopolized by the government, which owns all TV channels, most of the radio and print media. Broadcasting is mostly in Russian, and Russian media are widely present. After 2020, all independent media were pushed out of the country. The Law on Mass Media has been repeatedly amended and tightened, making it virtually impossible for independent journalists and publications to operate. European, Ukrainian and news websites were blocked in Belarus. The Constitution of Belarus guarantees freedom of speech, but this is contradicted in practice by repressive and restrictive laws. Arbitrary detention, arrests, and harassment of journalists are frequent in Belarus. Anti-extremism legislation targets independent journalism, including material considered unfavourable to the president. As of 2023, Belarus ranks 157th in the World Press Freedom Index. BBC describes the Belarusian media environment as one of the most repressive in Europe.
The Communist Party of Ukraine is a banned political party in Ukraine. It was founded in 1993 and claimed to be the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine, which had been banned in 1991. In 2002 it held a "unification" congress when both "old and new" parties merged. The party is a member of the Moscow-based Union of Communist Parties, an umbrella organisation for all communist parties of the former Soviet Union. The party has been led by Petro Symonenko since it was founded.
Ukrainska Pravda is a Ukrainian online newspaper founded by Georgiy Gongadze on 16 April 2000. Published mainly in Ukrainian and select articles published in English, the newspaper is tailored for a general readership with an emphasis on the politics of Ukraine.
The All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland", referred to as Batkivshchyna, is a political party in Ukraine led by People's Deputy of Ukraine, former Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko. As the core party of the former Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc, Batkivshchyna has been represented in the Verkhovna Rada since Yulia Tymoshenko set up the parliamentary faction of the same name in March 1999. After the November 2011 banning of the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections, Batkivshchyna became a major force in Ukrainian politics independently.
European Solidarity is a political party in Ukraine. It has its roots in a parliamentary group called Solidarity dating from 2000 and has existed since in various forms as a political outlet for Petro Poroshenko. The party with its then name Petro Poroshenko Bloc won 132 of the 423 contested seats in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, more than any other party.
Viktor Volodymyrovych Medvedchuk, also known as Viktor Vladimirovich Medvedchuk, is a former Ukrainian lawyer, business oligarch, and politician who has lived in exile in Russia since September 2022 after being handed over to Russia in a prisoner exchange. Medvedchuk is a pro-Kremlin Ukrainian politician and a personal friend of Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Olena Yuriivna Prytula is a Ukrainian journalist, the former editor-in-chief, owner of the Ukrainska Pravda, an influential online newspaper that focuses on news and political coverage in Ukraine.
Television, magazines, and newspapers have all been operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. Even though the Constitution of Russia guarantees freedom of speech, the press has been plagued by both government censorship and self-censorship.
The mass media in Ukraine refers to mass media outlets based in Ukraine. Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. The Constitution of Ukraine guarantees freedom of speech. As a country in transition, Ukraine's media system is under transformation.
Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 28 October 2012. Because of various reasons, including the "impossibility of announcing election results" various by-elections have taken place since. Hence, several constituencies have been left unrepresented at various times.
Ukraine was in 96th place out of 180 countries listed in the 2020 World Press Freedom Index, having returned to top 100 of this list for the first time since 2009, but dropped down one spot to 97th place in 2021, being characterized as being in a "difficult situation".
Pavel Grigorievich Sheremet was a Belarusian-born Russian and Ukrainian journalist who was imprisoned by the government of Belarus in 1997, sparking an international incident between Belarus and Russia. The New York Times has described him as "known for his crusading reports about political abuses in Belarus" and "a thorn in the side of Lukashenko's autocratic government". He was awarded the Committee to Protect Journalists' International Press Freedom Award in 1999 and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe's Prize for Journalism and Democracy in 2002.
Language policy in Ukraine is based on its Constitution, international treaties and on domestic legislation. According to article 10 of the Constitution, Ukrainian is the official language of Ukraine, and the state shall ensure the comprehensive development and functioning of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of social life throughout the entire territory of the country. Some minority languages have significantly less protection, and have restrictions on their public usage.
Snap parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 26 October 2014 to elect members of the Verkhovna Rada. President Petro Poroshenko had pressed for early parliamentary elections since his victory in the presidential elections in May. The July breakup of the ruling coalition gave him the right to dissolve the parliament, so on 25 August 2014 he announced the early election.
Below are the domestic responses to the Euromaidan. Euromaidan was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine that began on the night of 21 November 2013 after the Ukrainian government suspended preparations for signing an Association Agreement and Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the European Union.
The Opposition Bloc was a pro-Russian political party in Ukraine that was founded in 2014 by the merger of six parties that did not endorse Euromaidan. Legally, the party was created by renaming the lesser-known party "Leading Force". The party was perceived as the successor of the disbanded Party of Regions.
Decommunization in Ukraine started during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and expanded afterwards. Following the 2014 Revolution of Dignity and beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War, the Ukrainian government approved laws that banned communist symbols, as well as symbols of Nazism as ideologies deemed to be totalitarian.
Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 31 March 2019. As none of the 39 candidates on the ballot received an absolute majority of the initial vote, a runoff was held on 21 April between the top two vote-getters, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, a television personality, and the incumbent president, Petro Poroshenko. According to the Central Election Commission (CEC), Zelenskyy won the second round with 75% of the vote. The elections were recognized as free and fair by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Holos, translated as Voice or Vote, is a liberal and pro-European political party in Ukraine, which was led by Ukrainian musician Svyatoslav Vakarchuk until March 2020. The party won 20 MPs in the 2019 parliamentary election and became part of the opposition in the current Ukrainian parliament. The party split late July 2021 and seven MPs were expelled from the party. As of September 2021, only nine of the party's 20 seats in the Verkhovna Rada are held by MPs who are loyal to the party; the remaining 11 are held by MPs who have formed a breakaway group called Justice.
