List of paraphilias

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Paraphilia
Specialty Psychiatry

Paraphilias are sexual interests in objects, situations, or individuals that are atypical. The American Psychiatric Association, in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM), draws a distinction between paraphilias (which it describes as atypical sexual interests) and paraphilic disorders (which additionally require the experience of distress, impairment in functioning, and/or the desire to act on them with a nonconsenting person). [1] [2] Some paraphilias have more than one term to describe them, and some terms overlap with others. Paraphilias without DSM codes listed come under DSM 302.9, "Paraphilia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)".

Contents

In his 2008 book on sexual pathologies, Anil Aggrawal compiled a list of 547 terms describing paraphilic sexual interests. He cautioned, however, that "not all these paraphilias have necessarily been seen in clinical setups. This may not be because they do not exist, but because they are so innocuous they are never brought to the notice of clinicians or dismissed by them. Like allergies, sexual arousal may occur from anything under the sun, including the sun." [3]

Most of the following names for paraphilias, constructed in the nineteenth and especially twentieth centuries from Greek and Latin roots (see List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes), are used in medical contexts only.

Paraphilias

A

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Abasiophilia People with impaired mobility. [4]
Acrotomophilia People with amputations. [5] [6]
AcomoclitismA lack of pubic hair. [7]
ActirastyThe Sun. [8]
AcucullophiliaCircumcised genitals. [9]
AcralagniaExtremities, such as fingers, toes, or earlobes. [10]
Agalmatophilia Statues, mannequins and immobility. [11]
AgrexophiliaHaving other people know about your sexual activities. [12]
Algolagnia Pain, particularly involving an erogenous zone; differs from masochism as there is a biologically different interpretation of the intense sensation rather than a subjective interpretation. [13]
AnemophiliaWind. [14]
AmaurophiliaBeing unable to see, i.e. blindness or the presence of a blindfold. [15] [16] [17]
AmelotasisLimb deformities or malformations. [18]
AmokoscisiaSlashing and mutilating women. [19]
AmychophiliaScratching or being scratched. [20]
Andromimetophilia Transgender men. [4] [21]
AnililagniaAttraction by young men to older women. [22]
AntholagniaFlowers. [23]
AnthropophagolagniaRaping and then cannibalizing another person. [24]
Apotemnophilia Being an amputee. [5] [25]
Aquaphilia People swimming, posing, or drowning in water.
Armpit fetishism/maschalagnia Armpits. [3]
Asphyxiophilia Asphyxia or strangling of oneself or others. [5] [26]
Attraction to disability People with one or more physical disabilities. [27]
Autagonistophilia Being on stage or on camera. [28] [29]
AutoanilingusFantasizing about performing anilingus on oneself. [30]
Autassassinophilia Being in life-threatening situations. [5]
Autoerotic asphyxiation Self-induced asphyxiation, sometimes to the point of near unconsciousness. [29]
AutofellatioPerforming oral sex on oneself (male). [31] [32]
AutohemofetishismMaking oneself bleed, a type of hematolagnia. [33]
Autonepiophilia The image of oneself in the form of an infant. [28]
Autopedophilia The image of oneself in the form of a child. [34]
Autoplushophilia The image of oneself in the form of a plush. [34]
Autovampirism/vampirismThe image of oneself in the form of a vampire. [35] [36] [37] Involves ingesting or seeing one's own blood. [33]
AutozoophiliaThe image of oneself in the form of an animal. [38] [39]

B

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Balloon fetishism / Balloonophilia Balloons, including inflating, popping, or rubbing them. [40]
Belly fetishism/alvinolagniaThe midriff or belly.
Biastophilia/raptophilia Raping a person, possibly as a consensual rape fantasy.
Body inflation fetishismFantasizing about the inflation of body parts. [41]
Body modification fetishism Tattoos, piercings, scarification, and other body alterations. [42]
Bondage Being tied up or physically restrained. [5] [28]
Breast fetishism/mazophiliaFemale breasts.

C

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
CacophiliaLoud or unpleasant sounds. [43]
Candaulism Exposing one's partner or images of their partner to others.
Cannibalism/anthropophagyIngesting human flesh. [24]
CanophiliaDogs. [44]
Capnolagnia Smoking. [45]
Catoptrophilia Mirrors or reflections. [46]
CenophiliaEmpty spaces or voids. [47]
Cheirophilia Hands or hand contact. [48]
Chremastistophilia Being robbed or held up. [28]
Chronophilia Partners of a widely differing chronological age. [28]
ClaustrophiliaConfined or enclosed spaces. [49]
ClimacophiliaFalling down stairs. [50]
Clothing fetishismSpecific garments such as lingerie, uniforms, or latex wear. [51]
Coprophilia/scatophilia/fecophilia Feces. [2] [52]
Coulrophilia Clowns. [53]
Crush fetishismCrushing objects or small animals. [54]
Cryophilia Ice or cold temperatures. [55]
Cuckolding fetishism/troilismObserving one's partner engaged in sexual activities with another person. [56] [4] [29]

D

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
DacnophiliaBiting or being bitten. [57]
Dacryphilia Tears or crying. [58]
Diaper fetishism Diapers; considerable overlap with paraphilic infantilism. [59]
Dendrophilia Trees. [5]
Doll fetishism / Dollophilia Dolls, especially life-sized or sexualized ones. [60]
DippoldismCorporal punishment of children. [61]
DysmorphophiliaOne's own perceived physical deformities. [62]

E

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Ecdysiophilia Stripteasing or undressing. [63]
Electrophilia Electricity or electric stimulation, including shocks. [64]
Emetophilia Vomit. [4]
EmetolagniaWatching others vomit (distinct from emetophilia). [65]
Enopliophilia Weapons or armed individuals. [66]
Eproctophilia Flatulence. [3]
Erotophonophilia/dacnolagnomaniaMurder, often of strangers. [24]
Exhibitionism/peodeiktophiliaExposing one's genitals to unsuspecting and nonconsenting others. [2] [5]
Exophilia Extraterrestrials. [67]
Entomophilia Insects. [68]

F

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Fat fetishism/adipophiliaOverweight or obese people. [69]
Feederism Eating, feeding, and weight gain. [70]
Food play/sitophiliaErotic situations involving food.
Foot fetishism/podophiliaFeet. [71]
Formicophilia Being crawled on by insects. [28] [72]
Forniphilia Turning a human being into a piece of furniture.
Free use Being "used" sexually by a sexual partner whenever they are aroused. [73]
Frotteurism Rubbing against a non-consenting person. [2]

G

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Galactophilia Breast milk or lactation. [74]
Galeophilia Sharks. [75]
Gargalophilia Tickling or being tickled. [76]
Gerontophilia Elderly people. [77]
Gynandromorphophilia/gynemimetophiliaTransgender women. [4] [78]
GymnophiliaErotic interest in nudity or naked bodies. [79]
Gynephilia Females or femininity, regardless of one's own sex or gender identity. [80]

H

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Hair fetishism/trichophiliaHair. [81]
Hand fetishism/cheirophiliaHands.
Hebephilia Children in early adolescence.
HematolagniaDrinking or looking at blood. [82]
HeterophiliaIdealization of heterosexuality and/or people who are "straight-acting", especially by non-heterosexual people. [83] [84] [85]
HierophiliaReligious/sacred objects. [17]
Hirsutophilia Body hair, especially excessive hair. [86]
Homilophilia Sermons or religious preaching. [87]
HomophiliaIdealization or erotic preference for same-sex partners, especially by non-homosexual individuals. [88]
HoplophiliaFirearms, guns. [89]
Humiliation fetishism / Humiliophilia Humiliation or humiliating others. [90]
Hybristophilia Criminals, particularly those who committed cruel or outrageous crimes. [28] [91]

I

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
IconophiliaReligious or sacred images. [92]
Ichthyophilia Fish. [93]
Igniphilia Fire or flames. [94]
InfantophiliaChildren less than five years old; a recently suggested term that is not in general use. [95]
Integumentophilia Skin or skin contact. [96]
Impregnation fetishism The event of being impregnated or impregnating another person. [97]

J

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Jactitation fetishism Thrashing or violent bodily movements. [98]
Jouissance fetishismOverwhelming pleasure or ecstatic states, often linked to loss of control. [99]
Jelly fetishism Gelatinous substances such as jelly or slime. [100]
Juvenilophilia Juveniles, typically older children or young adolescents (distinct from hebephilia). [101]

K

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
KatoptronophiliaMirrors. [102]
Kleptolagnia/kleptophiliaStealing; [4] a form of kleptomania.
Klismaphilia Enemas, arousal and enjoyment in receiving, administering, or both. [4] [103]

L

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Lactophilia/galactophilia Breast milk, breastfeeding or sucking on a woman's breasts. [81] [104]
Leg fetishism/crurophiliaLegs. [105]
LiquidophiliaImmersing genitals in liquids. [81]

M

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Macrophilia Giant beings; imagined growth of beings. [81]
Masochism Suffering or humiliation; being beaten, bound, or otherwise abused. [2]
Mechanophilia Cars or other machines; also "mechaphilia". [106] [107] [108]
MelolagniaMusic. [109]
Menophilia Menstruation. [81]
MetrophiliaPoetry. [109]
MicrophiliaShrunken beings; imagined shrinking of beings. [81]
Morphophilia Particular body shapes or sizes. [29]
Mucophilia Mucus. [81]
Mysophilia Dirtiness, soiled or decaying things. [4]

N

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Narratophilia Obscene words. [4]
Navel fetishism/alvinophilia Navel.
NebulophiliaFog or smoke. [110]
Necrophilia Corpses. [2] [4] [111]
Nose fetishism/nasophilia Noses. [81]

O

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Objectophilia Specific inanimate objects. [2]
Oculolinctus The act of licking the eyes of another person for the purpose of gratification.
Odaxelagnia Biting or being bitten.
Olfactophilia/bromidrophiliaSmells and odors (particularly foul ones) emanating from the body, especially the sexual areas and/or from the opposite sex (as from bad breath, urine, feces, flatulence, etc.). [4] [28]
Omorashi Having a full bladder and/or wetting oneself, or from seeing someone else experiencing a full bladder and/or wetting themself.

P

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Paraphilic infantilism/autonepiophilia/adult baby syndromeDressing or being treated like a baby; [28] [112] considerable overlap with diaper fetishism. [59]
Partialism Specific, non-genital body parts. [2] [4]
Pedophilia Preadolescent children; also spelled paedophilia. [2] [113]
PedovestismDressing like a child. [114]
Pictophilia Pornography or erotic art, particularly pictures. [4] [28]
Piquerism Piercing the flesh of another person, most commonly by stabbing or cutting the body with sharp objects. [115]
Plushophilia Stuffed toys ("plushies"). [116]
Pregnancy fetishism/maiesiophiliaPregnant women. [117]
Pygophilia Buttocks. [118]
Pyrophilia Fire. [119]

R

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Robot fetishism/robophiliaHumanoid robots.

S

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Sadism Inflicting pain on others. [2]
Salirophilia Soiling or dirtying others. [4]
Sexual fetishism Nonliving objects. [2]
Shoe fetishism Shoes, especially high heels.
Somnophilia/dormaphiliaBeing asleep or unconscious, or pretending to be asleep or unconscious. [4] [28] [120]
SophophiliaLearning. [121]
Sthenolagnia Muscles and displays of strength. [81]
Stigmatophilia Body piercings and tattoos. [5] [81]
SymphorophiliaWitnessing or staging disasters such as car accidents. [5]
Telephone scatologia/telephonicophilia/scatophilia Obscene phone calls, particularly to strangers. [2] [28] [122]

T

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Tentacle erotica Tentacles and tentacle creatures
Teratophilia Deformed or monstrous people. [3] The term is also sometimes used in a more literal sense (from ancient Greek τέρας, teras, meaning monster) for attraction to monstrous mythical and fictional creatures such as werewolves.
Tickling fetishism/knismolagniaTickling. [123]
Toucherism Touching an unsuspecting, non-consenting person with the hand. [124]
ToxophiliaArchery. [109]
Transvestic fetishism Cross-dressing. [125]
TimophiliaGold, wealth, or social status. [126]

U

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Urolagnia/water sports Urination, particularly in public, on others, and/or being urinated on. [2] [4] [28] [29]

V

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Vorarephilia/voreThe idea of one person or creature eating or being eaten by another; usually swallowed whole, in one piece. [127]
Voyeurism/scopophiliaWatching unsuspecting people while naked/undressing, engaging in sexual intercourse or other sexual activity, using the toilet, showering/bathing, or inadvertently flashing. [2] [29]

W

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Wet and messy fetishism Messy situations, including, but not limited to, being pied, slimed, or covered in mud.
Wetlook The wearing of wet clothing.

X

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Xenophilia Foreign peoples, cultures, or customs. [128]

Z

ParaphiliaFocus of erotic interest
Zoophilia Non-human animals. [2] [4] [28]
Zoosadism Inflicting pain on animals, or seeing animals in pain. [129]

See also

References

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