This is a list of sovereign states or polities that existed in the 2nd century BC.
| Sovereign state | Years |
|---|---|
| Adena culture | 1000–200 BC |
| Albania | 4th century BC – 8th century AD |
| Ardiaean Kingdom | c.260–168 BC |
| Armenia | 190 BC–428 AD |
| Atropatene | 320s BC – 3rd century AD |
| Bithynia | 297–74 BC |
| Buyeo | 2nd century BC – 494 AD |
| Carthaginian Empire | 650–146 BC |
| Chavín culture | 900–200 BC |
| Chera Kingdom | 5th century BC – 1102 AD |
| Commagene | 163 BC–72 AD |
| Dardanian Kingdom | c.448–28 BC |
| Dongye | 3rd century BC – 5th century AD |
| Gojoseon | 2333–108 BC |
| Greco-Bactrian Kingdom | 256–125 BC |
| Han Empire | 206 BC–220 AD |
| Himyarite Kingdom | 110 BC–520 AD |
| Iberia | 302 BC–580 AD |
| Indo–Greek Kingdom | 180 BC–10 AD |
| Indo–Scythian Kingdom | 200 BC–400 AD |
| Jin | 3rd century – 2nd century BC |
| Judea | 137–37 BC |
| Kush | 1070 BC–350 AD |
| Lycaonia | 8th century – 200 BC |
| Macedonia | 8th century – 146 BC |
| Mauretania | 110 BC–40 AD |
| Maurya Empire | 321–185 BC |
| Maya civilization | c.2000 BC–1697 AD |
| Minyue | 224–110 BC |
| Nanyue | 204–111 BC |
| Nabataean kingdom | 168 BC–106 AD |
| Numidia | 202–46 BC |
| Okjeo | 2nd century BC – 5th century AD |
| Osroene | 132 BC–244 AD |
| Paracas culture | 600–175 BC |
| Parthian Empire | 247 BC–224 AD |
| Pontus | 291 BC–62 AD |
| Ptolemaic Kingdom | 305–30 BC |
| Roman Republic | 509–27 BC |
| Sātavāhana Empire | 230 BC–220 AD |
| Scythia | 8th century BC – 2nd century AD |
| Seleucid Empire | 312–63 BC |
| Sparta | 11th century – 195 BC |
| Scordisci | c.278–50 BC |