List of sovereign states in the 1640s

Further information: Peace of Westphalia

Sovereign states

A

•   Abkhazia – Principality of Abkhazia
• Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
• Andorra – Principality of Andorra
•   Ahom – Ahom Kingdom
•   Arakkal – Kingdom of Cannanore
• Avar – Avar Khanate
• Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom

B

•   Bajhang
•   Bastar – Bastar State
•   Benin – Benin Empire
•   Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
•   Bono – Bono state
• Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
•   Bukhara – Khanate of Bukhara
•   Burma – Burmese Empire

C

•   Calicut – Zamorin of Calicut
• Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
• Catalonia – Catalan Republic
•   Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
•   China – Great Qing Empire
•   Chamba – Chamba State
•   Champa – Kingdom of Champa
•   Chitradurga – Chitradurga Nayak Kingdom
•   Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom
•   Circassia
•   Cochin – Kingdom of Cochin
•   Cooch Behar – Cooch Behar State
• Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia

D

•   Đại Việt – Kingdom of Đại Việt
•   Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
• Denmark-Norway – United Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway
•   Dhenkanal – Dhenkanal State
•   Dremoshong – Kingdom of Dremoshong
•   Durdzuki
•   Dzungar – Dzungar Khanate

E

• England – Kingdom of England (in personal union with Scotland)
•   Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

•   France – Kingdom of France

G

•   Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom
•   Garo – Kingdom of Garo
•   Gazikumukh – Gazikumukh Khanate
•   Genoa – Republic of Genoa
•   Gingee – Gingee Nayak Kingdom
•   Gorkha – Gorkha Kingdom

H

•   Hawwara
• Hiraab Imamate
• Holy Roman Empire – Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
  • Austria – Archduchy of Austria
  • Bavaria – Electorate of Bavaria
  • Brandenburg – Margraviate of Brandenburg (in personal union with Prussia)
  • Cologne – Electorate of Cologne
  • Electoral Palatinate – County Palatine of the Rhine
  • Lorraine – Duchy of Lorraine
  • Mainz – Electorate of Mainz
  • Saxony – Electorate of Saxony
  • Trier – Electorate of Trier
  • Württemberg – Duchy of Württemberg

I

•   Ijebu – Ijebu Kingdom
• Iran – Expansive Realm of Iran
• Ireland – Irish Catholic Confederation

J

•   Jaintia – Jaintia Kingdom
•   Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
•   Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
•   Johor – Sultanate of Johor
•   Jolof – Kingdom of Jolof
•   Jumla

K

•   Kabardia – Principality of Kabardia
•   Kachar – Kachari Kingdom
•   Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
•   Kalahandi – Kalahandi State
• Kalmyk – Kalmyk Khanate
• Kangleipak – Kangleipak State
•   Kangra – Kangra State
•   Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy
•   Kanker – Kanker State
•   Kazakh – Kazakh Khanate
•   Keladi – Keladi Nayak Kingdom
•   Keonjhar – Keonjhar State
•   Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
•   Khoshut – Khoshut Khanate
• Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
•   Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
•   Koya – Kingdom of Koya
•   Kuba – Kuba Kingdom
•   Kumaon – Kumaon Kingdom

L

•   Lan Na – Lan Na Kingdom
•   Lo – Kingdom of Lo
• Lucca – Republic of Lucca

M

•   Madurai – Madurai Nayak dynasty
• Malta – Order of Saint John
• Mantua – Duchy of Mantua
•   Massa – Principality of Massa
• Masserano – Principality of Masserano
•   Mayurbhanj – Mayurbhanj State
• Modena – Duchy of Modena and Reggio
• Monaco – Principality of Monaco
• Montferrat – Duchy of Montferrat
• Morocco – Saadi Sultanate
•   Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
• Mughal Empire
•   Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore

N

•   Ndongo – Kingdom of Ndongo
•   Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal
• Netherlands – Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
•   Ngoyo – Kingdom of Ngoyo
• Noli – Republic of Noli

O

•   Odanad
• Oman – Imamate of Oman
•   Ossetia
• Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
•   Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

• Papal States – State of the Church
• Parma – Duchy of Parma
•   Patna – Patna State
•   Piombino – Principality of Piombino
• Poland–Lithuania – Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
• Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
• Prussia – Duchy of Prussia (in personal union with Brandenburg)

R

• Ragusa – Republic of Ragusa
•   Russia – Tsardom of Russia
• Ryukyu – Ryukyu Kingdom

S

• San Marino – Republic of San Marino
• Savoy – Duchy of Savoy
• Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland (in personal union with England)
• Seborga – Principality of Seborga
• Senarica – Republic of Senarica
•   Sennar – Funj sultanate of Sinnar
•   Sonepur – Sonepur State
•   Southern Ming – Great Ming Empire
• Spain – Monarchy of Spain ^[a]
•   Suket – Suket State
• Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
• Sweden – Swedish Empire
•   Switzerland – Swiss Confederacy

T

•   Tarki – Shamkhalate of Tarki
•   Thanjavur – Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom
• Torriglia – Marquisate of Torriglia
• Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany
•   Twipra – Twipra Kingdom

V

•   Venad
• Venice – Most Serene Republic of Venice

Y

•   Yarkent – Yarkent Khanate
• Yemen – Zaidi Imamate

Non-sovereign territories

England

• English America

Notes

1. Philip IV sometimes used the title of "King of Spain", but actually ruled over a dynastic union consisting of the Crown of Aragon (at the same time a dynastic union of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Mallorca, Naples, Sardinia, and Sicily), the Crown of Castile (Castile and León) and the Spanish Netherlands. This empire did not have a national flag in 1648.