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Post-classical history (also called the post-classical era) is the period of time that immediately followed the end of ancient history. Depending on the continent, the era generally falls between the years AD 200–600 and AD 1200–1500. The name of this era of history derives from classical antiquity (or the Greco-Roman era) of Europe. Though, the everyday context in use is reverse (such as historians reference to Medieval China). In European history, "post-classical" is synonymous with the medieval time or Middle Ages, the period of history from around the 5th century to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period. The Medieval period is itself subdivided into the early, high, and late Middle Ages.
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angevin Empire | no official | empire | 1154 | 1242 | |
| Dumnonia | Isca Dumnoniorum | principality | 360 | 710 | |
| England | Winchester, London | kingdom | 927 | 1707 | |
| East Angles | Rendlesham, Dommoc | kingdom | 6th cent. | 918 | |
| Essex | Rendlesham, Dommoc | kingdom | 527 | 825 | |
| Haestingas | Hastings | tribal kingdom | 6th cent. | 771 | |
| Kent | Durovernum | kingdom | 488 | 871 | |
| Lindsey | Lindum | kingdom/client | 410 | 775 | |
| Mercia | Tamworth | kingdom | 527 | 918 | |
| Northumbria | Bamburgh | kingdom | 653 | 954 | |
| North Sea Empire | Ribe | personal union | 1013 | 1042 | |
| Sussex | Selsey | kingdom | 477 | 825 | |
| Wessex | Winchester | kingdom | 519 | 1018 | |
| Wihtwara | Wihtgarsburgh | kingdom | 512 | 686 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alba | Clogher | kingdom | 900 | 1286 |
| Cait | tribal kingdom | 25 | 871 | |
| Cé | tribal kingdom | 1st cent. | 900 | |
| Dal Riada | Dunadd | kingdom | 501 | 878 |
| Fortriu | tribal kingdom | 1 | 850 | |
| | kingdom | c. 1000 | 1234 | |
| Gododdin | kingdom | 5th cent. | 8th cent. | |
| Mann and Isles | kingdom | 848 | 1266 | |
| Moray | kingdom | c. 970 | 1130 | |
| Pictland | kingdom | 452 | 850 | |
| | Stirling, Edinburgh | kingdom | 843 | 1707 |
| Strathclyde | Dumbarton, Govan | kingdom | 450 | 1093 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brycheiniog | kingdom | 450 | 1045 | ||
| Deheubarth | Dinefwr | kingdom | 920 | 1197 | |
| Dyfed | kingdom | 410 | 910 | ||
| Glywysing | Cardiff | kingdom | 490 | 1063 | |
| Gwent | Caerwent, Porth-is-Coed | kingdom | 420 | 1081 | |
| Gwynedd | various | kingdom | 420 | 1216 | |
| Powys | various | kingdom | 488 | 1160 | |
| Wales | Aber Garth Celyn | principality | 1216 | 1542 | |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airgíalla | Clogher | tribal federation/kingdom | 331 | 1590 | |
| Brega | kingdom | 620 | 1013 | ||
| Breifne | Croghan | kingdom | 700 | 1256 | |
| Desmond | Killarney | kingdom | 1118 | 1596 | |
| Dublin | Dublin | kingdom | 853 | 1170 | |
| East Breifne | Belturbet, Cavan | kingdom | 1256 | 1607 | |
| Iar Connacht | Dromahair | túatha/kingdom | 1051 | 1589 | |
| Ireland | Dublin | lordship | 1171 | 1542 | |
| Iveagh | túath | 4th cent. | 1543 | | |
| Leinster | kingdom | 436 | 1632 | | |
| Mac William Íochtar | Kilmaine | tanistry | 1330 | 1602 | |
| Meath | Dublin | kingdom | 1st cent. | 1173 | |
| Munster | Cork | kingdom | 1st cent. BC | 1118 AD | |
| Northern Uí Néill | various | kingdom | 420 | 1137 | |
| Ossory | Kilkenny | kingdom | 150 | 1185 | |
| Thomond | Ennis | kingdom | 1118 | 1543 | |
| Tyrconnell | Dun na nGall | kingdom | 464 | 1607 | |
| Uí Failghe | Rathangan, Daingean | kingdom | 507 | 1550 | |
| Uí Fidgenti | Brugh Ríogh | kingdom | 4th cent. | 10th cent. | |
| Uí Liatháin | Castlelyons | kingdom | 4th cent. | 1220 | |
| Uí Mháine | various | túatha | 357 | 1611 | |
| Ulaid | various | kingdom | 400 | 1177 | |
| West Breifne | Dromahair | túatha | 1256 | 1605 | |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angevin Empire | no official | empire | 1154 | 1242 | |
| Austrasia | Metz | kingdom | 511 | 751 | |
| Bavaria | duchy | 508 | 788 | | |
| Béarn | various | viscounty | 9th cent. | 1620 | |
| Bouillon | Bouillon | duchy | 1456 | 1794 | |
| Brabant | Brussels | duchy | 1183 | 1430 | |
| Brittany | various | duchy | 939 | 1547 | |
| Burgundy | Dijon | duchy | 1032 | 1477 | |
| Carantania | Karnburg | principality | 658 | 828 | |
| Carolingian Empire | Aachen | empire | 800 | 888 | |
| East Francia | various | kingdom | 843 | 962 | |
| France | Paris, Versailles | kingdom | 843 | 1792 | |
| Frisia | Dorestad, Utrecht | tribal kingdom | 600 | 734 | |
| Frisia (Upstalsboom League) | confederacy | c. 1200 | c. 1500 | | |
| Flanders | various | county | 862 | 1795 | |
| Frankish Empire | Tournai, Paris | kingdom/empire | 481 | 843 | |
| Holland | The Hague | county | 11th cent. | 1795 | |
| Holy Roman Empire | no official | empire | 962 | 1806 | |
| Lorraine | Nancy | duchy | 959 | 1766 | |
| Lotharingia | kingdom | 855 | 959 | ||
| Middle Francia | Aachen | kingdom | 843 | 855 | |
| Normandy | Rouen | duchy | 911 | 1259 | |
| Old Saxony | duchy | 758 | 804 | ||
| Pomerania | various | duchy | 1121 | 1637 | |
| Poher | Vorgium | principality | 520 | 936 | |
| Saxons | tribal confederation | 5th cent. BC | 754 AD | ||
| Swiss Confederacy | various | confederacy | c. 1300 | 1798 | |
| County of Toulouse | Toulouse | county | 778 | 1271 | |
| Terra Mariana | various | confederated bishopric principalities (religious) | 1207 | 1561 | |
| West Francia | Paris | kingdom | 843 | 987 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | various | kingdom | c. 900 | present | |
| Iceland | Þingvellir | commonwealth (federation) | 930 | 1262 | |
| Kalmar Union | Copenhagen (from 1443) | union | 1397 | 1523 | |
| North Sea Empire | Ribe | personal union | 1013 | 1042 | |
| Kingdom of Norway | various | kingdom | 872 | present | |
| Petty kingdoms of Norway | various | kingdoms | ? | 872 | |
| Sweden | various | kingdom | c. 970 | present | |
| Name | Capital/s | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Durrës | principality | 1328 | 1415 | |
| Achaea | Andravida, Mystras | principality | 1205 | 1432 | |
| Arbanon | Kruja | principality | 1190 | 1255 | |
| Archipelago | Naxos | duchy | 1207 | 1579 | |
| Argos & Nauplia | Nauplia | lordship/client | 1212 | 1388 | |
| Arta | Arta | despotate | 1359 | 1416 | |
| Athens | Athens | duchy | 1205 | 1458 | |
| Bodonitsa | Benevento | marquisate/client | 1204 | 1414 | |
| Kingdom of Bosnia | various | kingdom | 1377 | 1463 | |
| Byzantine Empire | Constantinople | empire | 395 | 1453 | |
| First Bulgarian Empire | Pliska (681–893), Preslav (893–968/972), Skopje, Ohrid, Bitola (until 1018) | empire | 681 | 1018 | |
| Second Bulgarian Empire | Tarnovo (1185–1393) Vidin and Nikopol (1393–1396) | empire | 1185 | 1396 | |
| Emirate of Crete | Chandax | emirate | 824 | 961 | |
| Croatian duchy | various | principality | c. 800 | 925 | |
| Croatia | various | kingdom | 925 | 1102 | |
| Dobruja | Karvuna | despotate | 1356 | 1411 | |
| Duklja | Shkodër | despotate | 10th cent. | 1186 | |
| Latin Empire | Constantinople | empire | 1204 | 1261 | |
| Țara Litua | Câmpulung, Curtea de Argeș | principality | 1241 | 1290 | |
| Despotate of Lovech | Lovech | despotate | 1330 | 1446 | |
| League of Lezhë | confederacy | 1444 | 1479 | | |
| Lower Pannonia | various | principality/client | 839 | 875 | |
| Narentines | tribal chiefdom/county/duchy | 6th cent. | 10th cent. | ||
| Moldavia | Baia/Siret (1343-1388), Suceava (1388-1564) | principality | 1346 | 1859 | |
| Neopatras | Neopatras | duchy | 1319 | 1390 | |
| Lordship of Prilep | Prilep | kingdom | 1371 | 1395 | |
| Ragusa | Ragusa | republic | 1358 | 1807 | |
| Salona | Salona | lordship | 1212 | 1394 | |
| Principality of Serbia | Ras | principality | 7th cent. | c. 970 | |
| Grand Principality of Serbia | Ras | grand principality | c. 1080 | 1217 | |
| Kingdom of Serbia | Ras, Žiča, Prizren | kingdom | 1217 | 1346 | |
| Serbian Empire | Skopje, Prizren | empire | 1346 | 1371 | |
| Principality of Serbia | Kruševac | principality | 1371 | 1402 | |
| Serbian Despotate | Kuševac, Beograd, Smederevo | despotate | 1402 | 1459 | |
| Travunia | Trebinje | principality/client | 850 | 1482 | |
| Thessalonica | Thessalonica | kingdom | 1204 | 1224 | |
| Principality of Valona | Valona | principality | 1346 | 1417 | |
| Vidin | Vidin | tsardom | 1356 | 1365 | |
| Wallachia | Câmpulung, Curtea de Argeș (1330-1418) Târgoviște (1418-1659) | principality | 1290 | 1859 | |
| Name | Capital/s | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aragon | Jaca, Zaragoza | kingdom | 1162 | 1716 | |
| Asturias | various | kingdom | 718 | 924 | |
| Castile | various | kingdom | 1230 | 1516 | |
| Catalonia | Barcelona | principality | 1162 | 1716 | |
| Córdoba | Córdoba | emirate | 756 | 929 | |
| Córdoba | Córdoba | caliphate | 929 | 1031 | |
| Galicia | A Coruña | kingdom | 910 | 1833 | |
| Hispanica | Girona? | marquisate | 795 | 801 | |
| León | León | kingdom | 910 | 1230 | |
| Majorca | Palma, Perpignan | kingdom | 1231 | 1715 | |
| Navarre | Pamplona | kingdom | 824 | 1841 | |
| County of Portugal | Guimarães, Coimbra | kingdom | 868 | 1139 | |
| Portugal | various | kingdom | 1139 | 1910 | |
| Spain | Toledo, Madrid | composite monarchy/kingdom | 1479 | present | |
| Suebi | Braga | kingdom | 409 | 585 | |
| Taifa | various | confederation of kingdoms/principalities | 1011 | 1571 | |
| Valencia | Valencia | kingdom | 1238 | 1707 | |
| Visigothic | various | kingdom | 418 | 720 | |
| Name | Capital/s | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ancona | Ancona | republic | 100 | 1532 | |
| Apulia and Calabria | Malfi, later Salerno | county | 1043 | 1130 | |
| Benevento | Benevento | duchy/principality/client | 571 | 1074 | |
| Capua | Capua | principality | 861 | 1139 | |
| Ceva | Ceva | marquisate | 1125 | 1427 | |
| Republic of Cospaia | Cospaia | republic | 1440 | 1826 | |
| Florence | Florence | republic | 1115 | 1532 | |
| Duchy of Gaeta | Gaeta | duchy | 839 | 1140 | |
| Genoa | Genoa | republic | 1005 | 1797 | |
| Lombard | Pavia | kingdom | 568 | 774 | |
| Lucca | Lucca | republic | 1160 | 1805 | |
| Milan | Milan | duchy | 1395 | 1796 | |
| Naples | Naples | duchy | 661 | 1137 | |
| Republic of Noli | Noli | republic | 1192 | 1797 | |
| Papal | Rome | pontifical states | 754 | 1870 | |
| Republic of Pisa | Pisa | republic | 1000 | 1406 | |
| Salerno | Salerno | principality | 851 | 1077 | |
| San Marino | San Marino | republic | 301 | present | |
| Sardinian kingdoms | various | various kingdoms | 10th cent. | 1420 | |
| Sardinia | Cagliari, Turin | kingdom | 1324 | 1861 | |
| Savoy | Chambeery, later Turin | duchy | 1416 | 1714 | |
| Emirate of Sicily | Balarm | emirate | 831 | 1091 | |
| County of Sicily | Palermo | county | 1071 | 1130 | |
| Kingdom of Sicily | various | kingdom | 1130 | 1816 | |
| Siena | Siena | republic | 1125 | 1555 | |
| Sorrento | Sorrento | duchy | 840 | 1137 | |
| Venice | Venice | republic | 697 | 1797 | |
| Western Roman Empire | Ravenna | empire | 395 | 480 | |
| Name | Capital/s | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avar Khaganate | not specified | khaganate | 567 | 804 | |
| Principality of Hungary | Esztergom, Székesfehérvár | principality | 895 | 1000 | |
| Kingdom of Hungary | various | kingdom | 1000 | 1918 | |
| Lithuania | Vilnius | grand duchy | 1236 | 1569 | |
| Livonia | various | confederated bishopric principalities (religious) | 1435 | 1561 | |
| Moravia | Veligrad | kingdom | 833 | 907 | |
| Duchy of Poland | Gniezno | kingdom | 966 | 1025 | |
| Kingdom of Poland | Gniezno, later Cracovia | kingdom | 1025 | 1385 | |
| Crown of the Kingdom of Poland | Krakow | kingdom | 1385 | 1795 | |
| Terra Mariana | various | confederated bishopric principalities (religious) | 1207 | 1561 | |
| Name | Capital/s | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Principality of Beloozero | Beloozero | principality | 1199 | 1550 | |
| Old Great Bulgaria | Phanagoria | absolute monarchy, khaganate | 632 | 668 | |
| Principality of Chernihiv | Chernihiv | principality | 1024 | 1402 | |
| Crimean Khanate | Stary Krym, Bakhchisaray | khanate | 1449 | 1783 | |
| Principality of Dmitrov | Dmitrov | principality | 1338 | 1460 | |
| Duchy of Lithuania | Aukštaitija | duchy | 1111 | 1236 | |
| Galicia–Volhynia | various | principality/kingdom/client | 1199 | 1349 | |
| Principality of Galich | Galich | principality | 1200 | 1481 | |
| Principality of Galicia | Halych | principality | 1124 | 1199 | |
| Principality of Kholm | Kholm | principality | 1330 | 1487 | |
| Kievan Rus' | Kiev | federated principalities | 882 | 1283 | |
| Principality of Kiev | Kiev | principality | 1132 | 1471 | |
| Lithuania | Vilnius | grand duchy | 1236 | 1569 | |
| Principality of Mikulin | Mikulin | principality | 1339 | 1485 | |
| Moscow | Moscow | grand duchy/client | 1283 | 1547 | |
| Principality of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal | Nizhny Novgorod | principality | 1341 | 1425 | |
| Novgorod Republic | Novgorod | republic | 1136 | 1478 | |
| Principality of Pereyaslavl | Krakow | kingdom | 988 | 1239/1323 | |
| Great Perm | Perm | principality | 1190 | 1600 | |
| Polotsk | Polotak | principality | 987 | 1504 | |
| Tsardom of Russia | Moscow, Saint Petersburg | tsardom | 1547 | 1721 | |
| Principality of Ryazan | Ryazan | principality | 1129 | 1521 | |
| Principality of Serpukhovsko-Borovsky | Serpukhov | principality | 1338 | 1460 | |
| Principality of Smolensk | Smolensk | principality, vassal state | 1054 | 1508 | |
| Principality of Starodub | Starodub | principality | 1215 | 1451 | |
| Principality of Tver | Tver | principality | 1246 | 1485 | |
| Principality of Vereya | Vereya | principality | 1400 | 1491 | |
| Vladimir-Suzdal | Vladimir | principality | 1157 | 1331 | |
| Principality of Volhynia | Volhynia | principality | 1157 | 1331 | |
| Principality of Yaroslavl | Yaroslavl | principality | 1217 | 1470 | |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahis | Ankara | beylik | 1230 | 1392 | |
| Alaiye | Alanya | beylik | 1293 | 1471 | |
| Aydinids | Birgi, Selçuk | beylik | 1300 | 1425 | |
| Armenian Cilicia | Tarsus, Sis | kingdom | 1198 | 1375 | |
| Arminiya | Dvin | principality/client | 653 | 884 | |
| Byzantine Empire | Constantinople | empire | 330 | 1453 | |
| Beyliks of Canik | various | beylik | 1460 | 1330s | |
| Candar dynasty | Eflani, Kastamonu, Sinop | beylik | 1291 | 1461 | |
| Chobanids | Kastamonu | beylik | 1211 | 1309 | |
| Beylik of Çubukoğulları | Harput | beylik | 1085 | 1112 | |
| Beylik of Dilmaç | Bitlis | beylik | 1085 | 1398 | |
| Beylik of Dulkadir | Elbistan, Maras | beylik | 1348 | 1522 | |
| Germiyanids | Kütahya | beylik | 1300 | 1429 | |
| Hamidids | Eğirdir | beylik | 1300 | 1391 | |
| Inalids | Diyarbakır | beylik | 1085 | 1183 | |
| Karamanids | Karaman | beylik | 1250 | 1487 | |
| Karasids | Balıkesir, Bergama, Çanakkale | beylik | 1286 | 1357 | |
| Kurdish emirates | various | chiefdoms/principalities | 16th cent. | 19th cent. | |
| Beylik of Lâdik | Denizli, | beylik | 1262 | 1391 | |
| Mengujekids | Erzurum | beylik | 1072 | 1277 | |
| Menteshe | Milas | beylik | 1261 | 1424 | |
| Marwanids | Diyarbakir | emirate | 983 | 1085 | |
| Nicaea | Nicaea | empire/client | 1204 | 1261 | |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | empire | 1299 | 1922 | |
| Pervâneoğlu | Sinop | beylik | 1277 | 1322 | |
| Ramadanid Emirate | Adana | emirate | 1352 | 1608 | |
| Rüm | Nicaea, Iconium | sultanate | 1077 | 1307 | |
| Sahib Ataids | Afyonkarahisar | beylik | 1275 | 1341 | |
| Saltukids | Erzurum | beylik | 1072 | 1202 | |
| Sarukhanids | Manisa | beylik | 1300 | 1510 | |
| Shah-Armens | Ahlat | beylik | 1110 | 1207 | |
| Beylik of Smyrna | Izmir | beylik | 1081 | 1098 | |
| Beylik of Tanrıbermiş | Alaşehir | beylik | 1071 | 1098 | |
| Teke | Antalya, Korkuteli | beylik | 1321 | 1423 | |
| Trebizond Empire | Trebizond | empire/client | 1204 | 1461 | |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbasid Caliphate | Baghdad | empire (religious) | 750 | 1256 | |
| Ghassanid | Balka, Harith, Petra, Sideir | kingdom | 220 | 712 | |
| Jabrids | emirate | 1417 | 1524 | | |
| Jarwanid dynasty | Qatif | kingdom | 1310 | 1417 | |
| Mahdids | sultanate | 1155 | 1174 | ||
| Mecca | Mecca | emirate | 967 | 1916 | |
| Medina | Medina | Islamic state | 630 | 632 | |
| Nabhanis | Bahla | kingdom | 1154 | 1624 | |
| Najahid dynasty | Zabid | emirate | 1022 | 1158 | |
| Ormus | Hormuz | kingdom | 1622 | 11th cent. | |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | empire | 1299 | 1922 | |
| Qarmatians | al-Hasa | republic (utopia) | 899 | 1067 | |
| Rassids | not specified | imamate | 897 | 1962 | |
| Rasulid dynasty | Zubid | sultanate | 1229 | 1454 | |
| Sulaymanids | sultanate | 1063 | 1174 | ||
| Sulayhid dynasty | Sana'a | sultanate | 1047 | 1138 | |
| Tahirids | Zabid | sultanate | 1454 | 1517 | |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Damascus, Harran | empire (religious) | 661 | 750 | |
| Usfurids | Al-Hasa | kingdom | 1253 | 1320 | |
| Uyunid | Al Hasa, Awal, Qatif | emirate | 1076 | 1253 | |
| Wajihids | Suhar | emirate | 926 | 965 | |
| Yu'firids | Sana'a, Shibam Kawkabam | principality | 847 | 997 | |
| Ziyadid | Zabid | emirate (religious) | 819 | 1018 | |
| Zurayids | Aden | tribal confederacy (religious) | 1083 | 1174 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbasid Caliphate | Baghdad | empire (religious) | 750 | 1256 | |
| Afrasiyab dynasty | Amol | kingdom | 1349 | 1504 | |
| Ahmadilis | Maragheh | kingdom | 1122 | 1225 | |
| Alavids | Amol | kingdom | 864 | 900 | |
| Alavids | Amol | kingdom | 914 | 928 | |
| Aq Qoyunlu | various | confederate/sultanate | 1378 | 1501 | |
| Baduspanids | kingdom | 665 | 1598 | ||
| Banu Ilyas | Bardsir | emirate | 923 | 968 | |
| Bavand | Perim, Sari, Amol | kingdom | 651 | 1349 | |
| Buwayhids | Shiraz, Ray, Baghdad | emirate | 934 | 1062 | |
| Chobanids | Tebriz | kingdom | 1338 | 1357 | |
| Dabuyid | Amol, Sari, Fuman | kingdom | 642 | 760 | |
| Ghurid | various | sultanate | 879 | 1215 | |
| Hasanwayhids | Dinawar | emirate | 959 | 1015 | |
| Hazaraspids | chiefdom | 1115 | 1424 | ||
| Ilkhanate | Maragha, Tabriz, Soltaniyeh | nomadic kingdom | 1256 | 1335 | |
| Injuids | Shiraz | empire | 1335 | 1357 | |
| Jalayirid Sultanate | Baghdad, Tabriz | sultanate | 1335 | 1432 | |
| Justanids | Rudbar | kingdom | 791 | 11th cent. | |
| Kakuyids | Isfahan, Yazd | kingdom | 1008 | 1141 | |
| Kara Koyunlu | Tabriz | confederation | 1374 | 1468 | |
| Khorshidi dynasty | Khorramabad | kingdom | 1184 | 1497 | |
| Mar'ashis | Anol, Sari, Vatashan | kingdom | 1359 | 1596 | |
| Masmughans of Damavand | Damavand | kingdom | 651 | 760 | |
| Muzaffarids | Kerman | kingdom | 1314 | 1393 | |
| Nizari Ismaili | Alamut Castle, Masyaf | military order | 1090 | 1273 | |
| Qarinvand dynasty | Lafur | kingdom | 550s | 11th cent. | |
| Rawadids | Tabriz | emirate | 955 | 1071 | |
| Sadakiyans | chiefdom | 770 | 827/8 | ||
| Saffarid dynasty | Zaranj | empire | 861 | 1002 | |
| Safavid Iran | Tabriz, Qazvin, Isfahan | empire | 1501 | 1736 | |
| Sajid dynasty | Maragah, Ardabil | kingdom | 789 | 929 | |
| Salghurids | Shiraz | atabegate | 1148 | 1282 | |
| Sallarid dynasty | Tarom | kingdom | 919 | 1062 | |
| Sarbadars | Sabzevar | kingdom | 1337 | 1381 | |
| Sasanian Empire | Istakhr, Cteisphon | empire | 224 | 651 | |
| Seljuk | Nishapur, Rey, Isfahan, Merv, Hamadan | empire | 1037 | 1194 | |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Damascus, Harran | empire (religious) | 661 | 750 | |
| Atabegs of Yazd | Yazd | kingdom | 1141 | 1319 | |
| Ziyarid dynasty | various | kingdom | 931 | 1090 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbasid Caliphate | Baghdad | empire (religious) | 750 | 1256 | |
| Artuqids | Hasankeyf, Diyarbakır, Harput, Mardin | beylik | 1102 | 1409 | |
| Buwayhids | Shiraz, Ray, Baghdad | emirate | 934 | 1062 | |
| Hamdanid | Mosul, Aleppo | emirate | 890 | 1003 | |
| Jalayirid Sultanate | Baghdad, Tabriz | sultanate | 1335 | 1432 | |
| Numayrids | Harran | emirate | 990 | 1081 | |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | empire | 1299 | 1922 | |
| Uqaylid | Mosul | emirate | 990 | 1096 | |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Damascus, Harran | empire (religious) | 661 | 750 | |
| Zengid | Aleppo | emirate | 1127 | 1250 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbasid Caliphate | Baghdad | empire (religious) | 750 | 1256 | |
| Antioch | Antioch | principality/client | 1098 | 1268 | |
| Assaf | Ghazir | lordship/client | 1306 | 1591 | |
| Banu Ammar | Tripoli | principality/client (religious) | 1070 | 1109 | |
| Cyprus | Nicosia | kingdom | 1192 | 1489 | |
| Edessa | Edessa, Turbessel | county | 1098 | 1150 | |
| Galilee | Tiberias | principality/client | 1099 | 1187 | |
| Harfush | Baalbek | lordship/client | 1490 | 1865 | |
| Jarrahids | Ramla | emirate/client | 970 | 1107 | |
| Jerusalem | Jerusalem | kingdom | 1099 | 1291 | |
| Ma'n | Chouf | lordship/client | 1120 | 1697 | |
| Mirdasid | Aleppo | emirate | 1024 | 1080 | |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | empire | 1299 | 1922 | |
| Oultrejordain | Montreal (Arabah), Kerak | lordship/client | 1118 | 1199 | |
| Sidon | Sidon | lordship/client | 1110 | 1260 | |
| Tripoli | Tripoli | county/client | 1102 | 1289 | |
| Tulunids | Al-Qata'i | emirate | 868 | 905 | |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Damascus, Harran | empire (religious) | 661 | 750 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbasid Caliphate | Baghdad | empire (religious) | 750 | 1256 | |
| Ayyubid | Cairo | confederated principalities/empire | 1171 | 1341 | |
| Banu Kanz | Aswan | empire | 943 | 1365 | |
| Fatimid Caliphate | Mahdia, Al-Mansuriya, Cairo | nomadic kingdom | 909 | 1171 | |
| Ikhshidid | Fustat | emirate | 935 | 969 | |
| Mamluk | Cairo | sultanate | 1250 | 1517 | |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | empire | 1299 | 1922 | |
| Tulunids | Al-Qata'i | emirate | 868 | 905 | |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Damascus, Harran | empire (religious) | 661 | 750 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aghlabids | Kairouan | vassal state | 800 | 909 | |
| Almoravid | Aghmat, Marrakesh | empire | 1040 | 1147 | |
| Almohad | Tinmel, Marrakesh | empire (religious) | 1121 | 1269 | |
| Kingdom of the Aurès | Arris, Khenchela | kingdom | 484 | 703 | |
| Banu Khazrun | Tripoli | kingdom | 1001 | 1146 | |
| Banu Khattab | Zawila | kingdom | 918 | 1177 | |
| Banu Khurasan | Tunis | kingdom | 1108 | 1159 | |
| Banu Talis | Bani Walid | emirate | 1258 | 1551 | |
| Banu Thabit | Tripoli | kingdom | 14th cent. | 14th cent. | |
| Barghawata | tribal confederation | 744 | 1058 | ||
| Fatimid Caliphate | Mahdia, Al-Mansuriya, Cairo | empire | 909 | 1171 | |
| Hammadid | Beni Hammad, Bejaia | kingdom | 1014 | 1152 | |
| Hafsid | Tunis | sultanate | 1229 | 1574 | |
| Idrisids | Fez | empire (religious) | 788 | 985 | |
| Kingdom of Kuku | Kuku | sultanate | 1515 | 1638 | |
| Midrarid dynasty | Sijilmasa | kingdom | 757 | 976 | |
| Maghrawa | Oujda | emirate | 988 | 1069 | |
| Marinid Sultanate | Fez | sultanate | 1244 | 1465 | |
| Nekor | Temsaman, Nekor | emirate | 710 | 1012 | |
| Ottoman Empire | Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul | empire | 1299 | 1922 | |
| Kingdom of Ouarsenis | Jedars | kingdom | 430 | 735 | |
| Rustamid dynasty | Tahert | imamate | 707 | 999 | |
| Saadi Sultanate | various | sultanate | 1510 | 1659 | |
| Sulaymanid dynasty | Tlemcen | kingdom | 814 | 922 | |
| Tlemcen | Tlemcen | kingdom | 1235 | 1554 | |
| Emirate of Tlemcen | Tlemcen | emirate | 757 | 790 | |
| Umayyad Caliphate | Damascus, Harran | empire (religious) | 661 | 750 | |
| Wattasid dynasty | Fez | kingdom | 1472 | 1554 | |
| Zab Emirate | Biskra | emirate | 1402 | 1350s | |
| Zirid dynasty | various | vassal state | 972 | 1148 |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of Abkhazia | Anakopia, Kutaisi | kingdom | 778 | 1008 | |
| Principality of Abkhazia | Sukhumi | principality | 1463 | 1864 | |
| Ahmadilis | Maragheh | kingdom | 1122 | 1225 | |
| Alania | Maghas | kingdom | late 9th cent. | 1240 | |
| Kingdom of Artsakh | Khachen, Haterk, Vaykunik | kingdom | 1261 | 1603 | |
| Avaria | Khunzakh | khaganate | 13th cent. | 1864 | |
| Bagratid Armenia | various | kingdom | 880s | 1045 | |
| Circassia | various | kingdom | 7th cent. | 1864 | |
| Eldiguzids | Nakhchivan | atabeg | 1126 | 1245 | |
| Georgia | Kutaisi, Tbilisi | kingdom | 1008 | 1491 | |
| Iberia | Tbilisi | principality | 580 | 891 | |
| Kingdom of Kakheti | Gremi | kingdom | 1465 | 1762 | |
| Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti | Telavi | kingdom | 1014 | 1104 | |
| Karluk Yabghu | Suyab, later Balasagun | tribal kingdom | 756 | 840 | |
| Kingdom of Kartli | Tbilisi | kingdom | 1478 | 1762 | |
| Principality of Khachen | Gandzasar, Haterk, Tsar | principality | 1261 | 1603 | |
| Lazica | Phasis | kingdom/client | 1st cent. BC | 7th cent. AD | |
| Shirvanshahs | Shamakhi, later Baku | kingdom | 861 | 1534 | |
| Simsim | kingdom | 1349 | 1470 | ||
| Sarir | Humraj | kingdom/client | 453 | 1000 | |
| Tarki Shamkhalate | Tarki | kingdom | 8th cent. | 1867 | |
| Kingdom of Syunik | Kapan | kingdom | 987 | 1170 | |
| Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget | Matsnaberd, Lori | kingdom | 979 | 1118 | |
| Kingdom of Vaspurakan | Van | kingdom | 908 | 1021 | |
| Zakarid Armenia | Van | kingdom | 1201 | 1050 | Ani |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astrakhan Khanate | Astrakhan | khaganate | 1466 | 1556 | |
| Avar Khaganate | khaganate | 567 | 804 | ||
| Barsil | tribal union | 600 | 700 | ||
| Old Great Bulgaria | Phanagoria | absolute monarchy, khaganate | 632 | 668 | |
| Volga Bulgaria | Bolghar, Bilär | monarchy, khaganate | 7th cent. | 1240s | |
| Chagatai Khanate | Almaliq | nomadic empire | 1226 | 1660 | |
| Cumania | not specified | nomadic confederation | 900 | 1220 | |
| Eastern Turkic Khaganate | Otuken | nomadic empire | 603 | 645 | |
| Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom | Ganzhou | kingdom | 894 | 1038 | |
| Göktürk Khaganate | Ordu Baliq | nomadic confederation | 552 | 747 | |
| Golden Horde | Sarai Batu | khanate | 1240 | 1502 | |
| Karluk Yabghu | Suyab, later Balasagun | tribal kingdom | 756 | 840 | |
| Kangar union | located in Ulutau mountains | nomadic kingdom | 659 | 750 | |
| Khanate of Kazan | Kazan | khanate | 1438 | 1552 | |
| Khamag Mongol | tribal confederation/khanate | 1120 | 1206 | ||
| Kara-Khanid Khanate | various | nomadic confederation | 840 | 1212 | |
| Khazar Khaganate | various | nomadic kingdom | 618 | 1048 | |
| Khitan | Shangjing | kingdom/client | 388 | 1211 | |
| Kimek–Kipchak confederation | Imekia | tribal confederation | 880 | 1035 | |
| Moghulistan | Almaliq | khaganate | 1347 | 1660s | |
| Mongol Empire | various | empire | 1206 | 1368 | |
| Nogai Horde | Saray-Jük | horde | 1440s | 1634 | |
| Northern Yuan | Shangdu | kingdom | 1368 | 1635 | |
| Oghuz Yabgu State | Jankent | khaganate | 766 | 1055 | |
| Qocho Kingdom | Qocho | kingdom | 843 | 14th cent. | |
| Oirat Confederation | Tarki | tribal confederation | 1399 | 1634 | |
| Second Turkic Khaganate | Otuken, Yarγan yurtï | nomadic empire | 682 | 744 | |
| Khanate of Sibir | Sibir | khaganate | 1468 | 1598 | |
| Tatar | not specified | confederation | 8th cent. | 1202 | |
| Uyghur Khaganate | Otuken, later Ordu-Baliq | nomadic empire | 744 | 840 | |
| Western Turkic Khaganate | Navekat, Suyub | nomadic empire | 603 | 742 | |
| Xueyantuo | Ih Huree | tribal confederation | 623 | 728 | |
| Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate | Ordo-Baliq, Kemijket | khaganate | 693 | 1207 | |
| Yuan Empire | Khanbaliq | nomadic empire | 1271 | 1368 |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrighid | Kath | kingdom/client | 305 | 995 | |
| Farighunids | Maymana | client kingdom | 9th cent. | 1010 | |
| Ghaznavids Empire | Ghazni, later Lahore | empire | 977 | 1186 | |
| Ghurid | various | sultanate | 879 | 1215 | |
| Guzgan | principality | 7th cent. | 8th cent. | ||
| Kashgar | Kashgar | kingdom/client | 80 | 850 | |
| Khotan | Khotan | kingdom | 56 | 1006 | |
| Khwarazmian Empire | Gurgani, Samarkand, Tabriz | empire | 1077 | 1231 | |
| Mihrabanids | Zaranj | kingdom | 1236 | 1537 | |
| Nasrid dynasty | Zaranj | kingdom | 1029 | 1225 | |
| Samanid Empire | Samarkand, later Bukhara | empire | 819 | 999 | |
| Timurid Empire | Samarkand, Herat | empire | 1370 | 1507 | |
| Tokhara Yabghus | Kunduz | sub-kingdom | 625 | 758 | |
| Principality of Ushrusana | Bunjikat | principality | 600 | 892/3 | |
| Uzbek Khanate | Chimgi-Tura, Sighnaq, Isay | confederate khaganate | 1428 | 1471 | |
| Zunbils | Ghazni | nomadic empire | 680 | 870 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dali Kingdom | Dali Town | chiefdom | 937 | 1253 | |
| Dachanghe | Dali | chiefdom | 902 | 928 | |
| Eastern Liao | kingdom | 1213 | 1269 | ||
| Eastern Xia | Kaiyuan | kingdom | 1215 | 1233 | |
| Later Han | Kaifeng | kingdom | 947 | 951 | |
| Northern Han | Taiyuan | kingdom | 951 | 979 | |
| Great Jin | various | empire | 1115 | 1254 | |
| Later Jin | Kaifeng | kingdom | 936 | 947 | |
| Later Liang | Luoyang, Kaifeng | kingdom | 907 | 23 | |
| Ma Chu | Changsha | kingdom | 908 | 951 | |
| Middag | Middag | kingdom | ? | 17th cent. | |
| Min | Changle | kingdom | 909 | 945 | |
| Mongol Empire | Avarga, Karakorum, Dadu | empire | 1206 | 1368 | |
| Former Shu | Chengdu | kingdom | 907 | 925 | |
| Later Shu | Chengdu | kingdom | 934 | 965 | |
| Chiefdom of Sizhou | Sizhou | chiefdom | 582 | 1413 | |
| Song Empire | Bianjing, Lin'an | empire | 960 | 1279 | |
| Southern Han | Xingwang Fu | kingdom | 917 | 971 | |
| Tang Empire | Chang'an, Luoyang | empire | 618 | 907 | |
| Later Tang | Luoyang, Kaifeng | kingdom | 923 | 937 | |
| Southern Tang | Jinling | kingdom | 937 | 976 | |
| Western Xia | Xingqing | kingdom | 1038 | 1237 | |
| Wuyue | Qiantang | kingdom | 907 | 978 | |
| Yang Wu | Yangzhou | kingdom | 907 | 937 | |
| Yuan Empire | Khanbaliq | nomadic empire | 1271 | 1368 | |
| Later Zhou | Kaifeng | kingdom | 951 | 960 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashikaga shogunate | Heian-kyō | military regime | 1336 | 1573 | |
| Azuchi–Momoyama | Azuchi, Heian-kyō | military regime | 1568 | 1600 | |
| Chūzan | Urasoe | kingdom | 1314 | 1429 | |
| Hokuzan | Nakijin | kingdom | 1322 | 1466 | |
| Ikkō-ikki | Ishiyama Hongan-ji | military confederacy | 1457 | 1586 | |
| Japan | kingdom | 4th cent. | 7th cent. | ||
| Kamakura shogunate | Kamakura-kyō, Heian-kyō | military regime | 1192 | 1333 | |
| Ryukyu | Shuri | kingdom | 1429 | 1879 | |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Later Baekje | Wansanju | kingdom | 892 | 936 | |
| Balhae Empire | Dongmo | empire | 698 | 926 | |
| Goryeo | Gaegyeong | kingdom | 918 | 1392 | |
| Jeongan | kingdom | 938 | 986 | ||
| Silla | Gyeongju | kingdom | 55 BC | 935 AD | |
| Tamna | kingdom | ? | 1404 | ||
| Taebong | Somgak, Cheorwon | kingdom | 901 | 918 | |
| Usan | kingdom | 512 | 930 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guge | Tsaparang | kingdom | 910 | 1630 | |
| Khasa Kingdom | Sinja Valley | kingdom | 11th cent. | 14th cent. | |
| Maryul | Shey | kingdom | 930 | 1842 | |
| Phagmodrupa dynasty | Nedong | kingdom | 1354 | 1618 | |
| Rinpungpa | Shigatse | kingdom | 1435 | 1565 | |
| Tibetan Empire | Lhasa, Pho brang | empire | 618 | 841 | |
| Tsangpa | Shigatse | theocracy | 1565 | 1642 | |
| Tsongkha | Tsongkha | theocracy | 997 | 1104 | |
| Xiliangfu | Liangzhou | tribal confederation | 906 | 1016 |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of Ava | Ava | Kingdom | 1365–1555 | |
| Hanthawaddy kingdom | various | Kingdom | 1287–1552 AD | |
| Kingdom of Mrauk U | Mrauk U | Kingdom | 1430–1785 AD | |
| Myinsaing Kingdom | Myinsaing | Kingdom | 1237–1313 AD | |
| Pagan Kingdom | Pagan | Kingdom | 849–1297 AD | |
| Pinya Kingdom | Pinya | Kingdom | 1313–1365 AD | |
| Prome Kingdom | Nanzan | Kingdom | 1482–1542 AD | |
| Pyu | Sri Ksetra | Federated City States | 250 BC–1085 AD | |
| Sagaing Kingdom | Sagaing | Kingdom | 1315–1365 AD | |
| Shan States | Various | Kingdoms | 1215–1985 | |
| Thaton | Thaton | Kingdom | 300 BC–1085 AD | |
| Toungoo dynasty | Toungoo, Pegu, Ava | Kingdom | 1510–1752 AD | |
| Möng Mao Lông | Selan | Kingdom | 1335–1444 AD |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dvaravati | Si Thep, Ayodhyapura, Mueang Uthong | Kingdom | 629–1292 AD | |
| Haripuñjaya | Haripuñjaya | Kingdom | 629–1292 AD | |
| Khmer Empire | Angkor | Empire | 802–1431 AD | |
| Lan Na | Chiang Rai, Fang, Wiang Kum Kam, Chiang Mai | Kingdom | 1292–1775 AD | |
| Lavo | Lavo, Ayodhaya | Kingdom | 450–1388 AD | |
| Lan Xang | Luang Prabang, later Vientiane | Kingdom | 1353–1707 AD | |
| Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom | Nakhon Si Thammarat | Kingdom | 13th century–1782 AD | |
| Ngoenyang | Ngoenyang | Kingdom | 638–1292 AD | |
| Phayao Kingdom | Phayao | Kingdom | 1094–1338 AD | |
| Sukhothai Kingdom | Sukhothai, Song Khwae | Kingdom | 1238–1438 AD |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Đại Việt / Annam | Thăng Long | Kingdom | 938–1400 AD / 1428–1804 AD | |
| Đại Ngu | Tây Đô | Kingdom | 1400–1407 AD | |
| Ngưu Hống | Murong Moi | Kingdom | 1000–1432 AD | |
| Vạn Xuân | Longbian | Kingdom | 544–603 AD |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aru Kingdom | Kota Rentang | Kingdom | 1225–1613 | |
| Bali Kingdom | Bali | Kingdom | 914–1908 AD | |
| Blambangan Kingdom | Banyuwangi | Kingdom | 13th–18th century AD | |
| Bruneian Empire | Various | Empire | 7th–19th centuries AD | |
| Sultanate of Cirebon | Various | Sultanate | 1447–1679 AD | |
| Demak Sultanate | Demak | Sultanate | 1475–1554 AD | |
| Galuh Kingdom | Kawali | Kingdom | 669–1482 AD | |
| Sultanate of Jailolo | Jailolo | Sultanate | 13th century–1832 AD | |
| Janggala | Hujung Galuh | Kingdom | 1045–1135 AD | |
| Kahuripan | Kahuripan | Kingdom | 1019–1045 AD | |
| Kalingga Kingdom | Kingdom | 6th–7th century AD | ||
| Kalinyamat Sultanate | Kalinyamat | Sultanate | 1527–1599 AD | |
| Kantoli | Kantoli | Kingdom | ???–471 AD | |
| Kedah | Kedah city | Kingdom, later Sultanate | 330–present AD | |
| Kediri Kingdom | Dahanapura | Kingdom | 1042–1222 AD | |
| Kutai | Kingdom, later Sultanate | 399–1844 AD | ||
| Lambri | Kingdom | 822–1503 AD | ||
| Langkasuka | Kedah, Pattani | Kingdom | 100–1516 AD | |
| Kingdom of Maynila | Maynila | Kingdom | 1500–1571 AD | |
| Majapahit | Trowulan | Empire | 1293–1527 AD | |
| Malacca Sultanate | Malacca | Sultanate | 1400–1528 AD | |
| Mataram kingdom | Various | Kingdom | 716–1016 AD | |
| Mataram Sultanate | Kota Gede, Karta, Plered, Kartosuro | Sultanate | 1586–1755 AD | |
| Negara Daha | Kingdom | ? | ||
| Pahang | Inderapura | Kingdom | 5th century–1454 AD | |
| Kingdom of Pajang | Pajang | Kingdom | 1568–1586 AD | |
| Pannai | Pannai | Kingdom | 11th century–14th century AD | |
| Pan Pan | ? | Kingdom | 300–700 AD | |
| Segati Kingdom | Various | Kingdom | ?–16th century AD | |
| Samudera Pasai Sultanate | Pasai | Sultanate | 1267–1524 AD | |
| Singhasari | Tumapel | Kingdom | 1222–1292 AD | |
| Kingdom of Singapura | Singapura | Kingdom | 1299–1398 AD | |
| Srivijaya | Palembang | Kingdom | 671–1025 AD | |
| Sulu | Various | Sultanate/client | 1405–1915 AD | |
| Sunda | Pakuan Pajajaran, Kawali | Kingdom | 669–1579 AD |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caboloan | Binalatongan | Kingdom | 1225–1556 AD | |
| Cebu | Singhapala | Kingdom | 1400–1565 AD | |
| Dapitan Kingdom | Dapitan | Kingdom | 13th century–1595 | |
| Kumalarang | Kingdom | 13th century–1565 | ||
| Madya-as | Confederation | 1200–1569 AD | ||
| Kingdom of Maynila | Maynila | Kingdom | 1500–1571 AD | |
| Ma-i | Kingdom | 971–1339 AD | ||
| Namayan | Namayan | Kingdom | (before) 1175–1571 AD | |
| Tondo Empire | Tondo | City State | 900–1589 AD |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmadnagar Sultanate | various | sultanate | 1490 | 1636 | |
| Alupa dynasty | various | kingdom | 200 | 1444 | |
| Ay | Aykudi | kingdom | 4th cent. BC | 12th cent. AD | |
| Bhauma-Kara dynasty | Jajpur | kingdom | 8th cent. | 10th cent. | |
| Bahmani | Gulbarga, Bidar | sultanate | 1347 | 1527 | |
| Baise Rajya | various | confederation of kingdoms | ? | 1744 | |
| Bengal Sultanate | Pandua, Sonargaon, Gaur | sultanate | 1352 | 1576 | |
| Berar Sultanate | Ellichpur | sultanate | 1490 | 1572 | |
| Bidar Sultanate | Bidar | sultanate | 1492 | 1619 | |
| Bijapur Sultanate | Gulbarga, Bidar | sultanate | 1490 | 1686 | |
| Bumthang | Chakhar Gutho | kingdom | 7th cent. | 17th cent. | |
| Chanda | Bhutamabilika | kingdom | 807 | 1751 | |
| Chaubisi Rajya | various | confederation of principalities | ? | 1744 | |
| Chavda dynasty | Panchaser | kingdom | 690 | 942 | |
| Chero dynasty | various | kingdom | 12th cent. | 19th cent. | |
| Chindaka Naga | Barasur | kingdom | 1023 | 1324 | |
| Chowta dynasty | various | kingdom | 12th cent. | 18th cent. | |
| Cochin | various | kingdom | 12th cent. | 1947 | |
| Chahamanas of Shakambhari | Shakambhari, Ajayameru | kingdom | 6th cent. | 1192 | |
| Eastern Chalukya | Vengi, Rajamundry | kingdom | 624 | 1129 | |
| Chudasama dynasty | various | kingdom | 10th cent. | 1472 | |
| Chutia Kingdom | Sadiya | kingdom | 14th cent. | 1524 | |
| Delhi Sultanate | Delhi | empire | 1206 | 1526 | |
| Deva dynasty | Bikrampur | kingdom | 12th cent. | 13th cent. | |
| Dimasa Kingdom | various | kingdom | 13th cent. | 1832 | |
| Gahadavala dynasty | Banaras and Kannauj | kingdom | 1089 | 1197 | |
| Gajapati Empire | Cuttack | empire | 1434 | 1541 | |
| Garha Kingdom | Garha | kingdom | 15th cent. | 1781 | |
| Garhwal | various | kingdom | 888 | 1949 | |
| Golconda Sultanate | Golconda, Hyderabad | sultanate | 1518 | 1687 | |
| Gurjara Pratihara Empire | Kannauj | empire | 650 | 1036 | |
| Kingdom of Gujarat | Patan, Gujarat | kingdom | 941 | 1298 | |
| Gujarat Sultanate | Ahmedabad | sultanate | 1394 | 1573 | |
| Habbari Emirate | Mansura | empire | 854 | 1011 | |
| Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom | Rayapura | kingdom | 14th cent. | 1758 | |
| Hoysala Empire | Sosavur, Belur, Halebidu | empire | 1026 | 1343 | |
| Jaintia Kingdom | Nartiang, Jaintiapur | kingdom | 500 | 1835 | |
| Jaunpur Sultanate | Jaunpur | sultanate | 1394 | 1493 | |
| Kakatiya dynasty | Orugallu | empire | 1163 | 1323 | |
| Kalachuris of Sarayupara | kingdom | 800 | 1080 | ||
| Kalachuris of Tripuri | Tripuri | kingdom | 7th cent. | 1212 | |
| Kalachuri dynasty | Mahishmati | kingdom | 550 | 625 | |
| Kalachuris of Kalyani | Kalyani | kingdom | 1164 | 1181 | |
| Kalachuris of Ratnapura | Ratanpur | kingdom | 11th cent. | 1758 | |
| Kamarupa | Pragjyotishpur, Haruppeswara, Durjaya | kingdom | 350 | 1140 | |
| Kamata Kingdom | Kamarupanagara | kingdom | 1257 | 1587 | |
| Kampili kingdom | kingdom | 1230 | 1886 | ||
| Karnat dynasty | various | kingdom | 1097 | 1324 | |
| Karkota dynasty | kingdom | 625 | 855 | ||
| Kashmir Sultanate | Srinagar | sultanate | 1320 | 1589 | |
| Later Gupta dynasty | Pataliputra | kingdom | 490 | 750 | |
| Nayakas of Keladi | Keladi, Ikkeri, Bidanur | kingdom | 1499 | 1763 | |
| Khandesh Sultanate | sultanate | 1382 | 1601 | ||
| Khasa Kingdom | Sinja Valley | empire | 11th cent. | 14th cent. | |
| Kolathunadu | various | kingdom | 6th cent. BC | present | |
| Kumaon Kingdom | Baijnath, Champawat, Almora | kingdom | 600 | 1791 | |
| Langah Sultanate | Multan | sultanate | 1445 | 1540 | |
| Licchavi | kingdom | 400 | 750 | ||
| Limbuwan | various kingdoms | 550 | 1609 | ||
| Lohara dynasty | Srinagar | kingdom | 1003 | 1320 | |
| Malwa Kingdom | Dhar | kingdom | 947 | 1304 | |
| Malwa Sultanate | Dhar | sultanate | 1392 | 1562 | |
| Madurai Sultanate | Madurai | sultanate | 1335 | 1378 | |
| Mallabhum kingdom | Laugram, Bishnupur | kingdom | 694 | 1947 | |
| Malla dynasty | various | kingdoms | 1201 | 1769 | |
| Mana dynasty | Wairagarh | kingdom | 650 | 850 | |
| Maukhari Empire | Kannauj | empire | 550 | 700 | |
| Madurai Nayak dynasty | Madurai | kingdom | 1529 | 1736 | |
| Emirate of Multan | Multan | empire | 855 | 1010 | |
| Musunuri Nayakas | Warangal | kingdom | 1335 | 1358 | |
| Mysore | Mysore, Srirangapatna | kingdom | 1399 | 1947 | |
| Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh | Leh | kingdom | 1460 | 1842 | |
| Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur | various | chiefdom | 4th cent. | 1952 | |
| Odanad | Mavelikkara, Kayamkulam | sultanate | 11th cent. | 1746 | |
| Oiniwar dynasty | Sugauna | kingdom | 1325 | 1526 | |
| Pala Empire | various | empire | 750 | 1161 | |
| Pallava Empire | Kanchi | empire | 250 BC | 800 AD | |
| Pamduvamshis | Sirpur | kingdom | 7th cent. | 8th cent. | |
| Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya | Bodh Gaya | kingdom | 11th cent. | 13th cent. | |
| Pratapgarh Kingdom | Patharkandi | kingdom | 1489 | 1700s | |
| Rashtrakuta dynasty | Manyakheta | kingdom | 753 | 982 | |
| Reddi Kingdom | Addanki | kingdom | 1325 | 1448 | |
| Saindhava | Bhutamabilika | kingdom | 735 | 920 | |
| Sambuvarayar | Rajagambhiram | kingdom | 1236 | 1375 | |
| Sena Empire | Gauda, Bikrampur, Nabadwip, Lakhnauti, Vijaynagar | empire | 1070 | 1230 | |
| Seuna dynasty | Devagiri | kingdom | 1187 | 1317 | |
| Shailodbhava dynasty | kingdom | 6th cent. | 8th cent. | ||
| Shilahara Kingdom | Thane | kingdom | 8th cent. | 13th cent. | |
| Sindh | Aror | kingdom | 632 | 712 | |
| Somavamshi dynasty | Yayatinagara | kingdom | 9th cent. | 12th cent. | |
| Taraf | Rajpur, later Laskarpur | kingdom | 1200 | 1610 | |
| Tomara dynasty | Anangpur | kingdom | 736 | 1152 | |
| Utpala dynasty | Awantipora | kingdom | 855 | 1003 | |
| Vaghela dynasty | Dhavalakka | kingdom | 1244 | 1304 | |
| Venad Kingdom | Quilon | kingdom | 8/9th cent. | 1729 | |
| Vijayanagara Empire | Vijayanagara | empire | 1336 | 1646 | |
| Western Ganga | Kolar, Talakad | kingdom | 350 | 1000 | |
| Western Chalukya Empire | Manyakheta | empire | 975 | 1184 | |
| Yajvapala dynasty | kingdom | 13th cent. | 13th cent. | ||
| Zamorin | Calicut | kingdom | 1124 | 1806 |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anuradhapura | Anuradhapura | kingdom | 377 BC | 1017 AD | |
| Kingdom of Dambadeniya | Dambadeniya | 1220 | 1345 | ||
| Kingdom of Gampola | Gampola | 1341 | 1408 | | |
| Jaffna kingdom | Nallur | 1215 | 1619 | | |
| Kingdom of Kandy | Kandy | 1469 | 1815 | | |
| Kingdom of Kotte | Kotte | 1412 | 1597 | | |
| Kingdom of Polonnaruwa | Vijayarajapura | 1055 | 1232 | ||
| Kingdom of Sitawaka | Sitawaka | 1521 | 1594 | | |
| Vanni chieftaincies | chiefdom | 13th cent. | 1782 | |
| Name | Capital | State type | From | To | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adal | Zeila, Dakkar, Harrar | sultanate | 1415 | 1559 | |
| Ajuran Empire | Mareeg, Qelafo, Mecca | empire | 13th cent. | 17th cent. | |
| Aksumite Empire | empire | 100 | 960 | ||
| Sultanate of Arababni | sultanate | 12th cent. | 1840 | ||
| Sultanate of Bale | sultanate | 13th cent. | 1320s | ||
| Dankali Sultanate | Dankali | sultanate | 13th cent. | 18th cent. | |
| Sultanate of Dahlak | Dahlak | sultanate | 960 | 1557 | |
| Kingdom of Damot | Maldarede | kingdom | 960 | 1317 | |
| Dawaro | principality | 960s | 1601 cent. | ||
| Ennarea | Yadare, Gowi | kingdom | 14th cent. | 1710 | |
| Ethiopian Empire | Addis Ababa | empire | 1137 | 1975 | |
| Fatagar | state | 9th cent. | 15th cent. | ||
| Gidaya | Islamic state | 9th cent. | 15th cent. | ||
| Hargaya | Islamic state | 9th cent. | 15th cent. | ||
| Harla Kingdom | Hubat | kingdom | 501 | 1500 | |
| Sultanate of Ifat | Wafat, Ziela | sultanate | 1275 | 1403 | |
| Makhzumi dynasty | Walale | sultanate | 896 | 1286 | |
| Medri Bahri | Debarwa | kingdom | 1137 | 1879 | |
| Sultanate of Mogadishu | Mogadishu | sultanate | 10th cent. | 16th cent. | |
| Moro | Islamic state | 9th cent. | 15th cent. | ||
| Kingdom of Simien | kingdom | 350 | 1625 | ||
| Tunni Sultanate | Baraea | sultanate | 9th cent. | 13th cent. | |
| Zagwe dynasty | Lalibela | kingdom | 960 | 1270 |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Abwab | Kingdom | 13th century–15th/16th century AD | ||
| Alodia | Soba | Empire | 680–1504 AD | |
| Beja kingdoms | Tribal Kingdoms | 7th–16th century | ||
| Blemmyes | Tribal Kingdom | 600 BC–8th century AD | ||
| Daju kingdom | Daju | Kingdom | 12th century–15th century AD | |
| Kingdom of Fazughli | Kingdom | 1500–1685 AD | ||
| Makuria | Dongola | Kingdom | 340–1312 AD | |
| Nobatia | Pachoras | Kingdom | 350–650 AD | |
| Shilluk | Fashoda | Kingdom | 1490–1865 AD | |
| Tunjur kingdom | Uri | Kingdom | 1400s–1650s AD |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sultanate of Agadez | Agadez | Sultanate | 1404–1906 AD | |
| Kingdom of Ardra | Alladh | Kingdom | 12th/13th century–1724 AD | |
| Benin Empire | Benin City | Empire | 1440–1897 AD | |
| Bornu Empire | Ngazargamu | Empire | 1380–1893 AD | |
| Denkyira | Dunkwa-on-Offin | Kingdom | 1500–1701 AD | |
| Gao | Gao | Empire | 9th century–1430 AD | |
| Ghana Empire | Koumbi Saleh | Empire | 400–1235 AD | |
| Great Fulo | Anyam-Godo | Empire | 1490–1776 AD | |
| Guinala | Bruco | Kingdom | 14th–19th century | |
| Gyaaman | Sampa | State | 1450-1895 | |
| Hausa Kingdoms | Various | City-state kingdoms | 9th century–1808 AD | |
| Ife Empire | Ile-Ifẹ | Empire | 1200–1410 AD | |
| Isedo | Isedo | Kingdom | 1300–17th century | |
| Jolof | Linguere | Empire | 1350–1549 AD | |
| Igodomigodo | Ubinu | Kingdom | 40 BC –1100 AD | |
| Kaabu | Kansala | Empire | 1537–1867 AD | |
| Kanem Empire | Njimi | Empire | 700–1387 AD | |
| Mali | Niani, Kangaba | Empire | 1230–1670 AD | |
| Nri | Igbo-Ukwu | Kingdom | 948–1911 AD | |
| Oron Nation | Oron | Kingdom | 1200-1908 AD | |
| Oyo Empire | Oyo-Ile | Kingdom | 1400–1905 AD | |
| Songhai Empire | Gao | Empire | 1464–1591 AD | |
| Sosso Empire | Sosso | Empire | 1076–1235 AD | |
| Takedda | Takedda | Kingdom | 1200–1600 | |
| Takrur | Tumbere Jiinge, Taaga, Hoorewendu | Kingdom | 500s–1456 |
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angoche | Angoche, Moma | Kingdom | 1485–1910 AD | |
| Ankole | Mbarara | Kingdom | 1478-1967 AD | |
| Kingdom of Butua | Khami | Kingdom | 1450–1683 AD | |
| Kasanze Kingdom | Kingdom | 1500–1648 AD | ||
| Kilwa Sultanate | Kilwa | Sultanate | 957–1513 AD | |
| Kongo | São Salvador | Kingdom/client | 1390–1914 AD | |
| Kongo dia Nlaza | Confederation of kingdoms | 14th–15th century | ||
| Mapungubwe | Not specified | Kingdom | 1075–1220 AD | |
| Mutapa | Zvongombe | Kingdom | 1430–1760 AD | |
| Swahili city-states | City-states | 9th–18th century | ||
| Kingdom of Zimbabwe | Great Zimbabwe | Kingdom | 1220–1450 AD | |
These are prehistoric states, listed either based on archaeological evidence or based on their existence at the time of European contact.
| Name | Capital | State type | Existed | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chiefdom of Ameca | Ameca | Chiefdom | 1325–1522 AD | |
| Aymara kingdoms | Various | Kingdoms | 1151–1477 AD | |
| Azcapotzalco | Azcapotzalco | Kingdom | 995–1428 AD | |
| Aztec Empire | Tenochtitlan | Empire | 1428–1521 AD | |
| Cañari | Tumebamba | Tribal Confederacy | 500–1533 AD | |
| Chachapoya | Tribal Confederacy | 800–1470 AD | ||
| Chalco | various | Kingdom | 13th century – 1521 | |
| Chimor | Chan Chan | Kingdom | 900–1470 AD | |
| Cocollán | Cocollan | Chiefdom | 1100–1521 AD | |
| Chincha Kingdom | Kingdom | 900–1450 AD | ||
| Colhuacan | Colhuacan | City-state | 717–1521 AD | |
| Kingdom of Cusco | Cusco | Kingdom | 1200–1438 AD | |
| Ichma Kingdom | Pachacamac | Kingdom | 1100–1469 AD | |
| Inca Empire | Cusco | Empire | 1438–1533/72 AD | |
| Iroquois | Onondaga | Tribal Confederacy | 1450–1660 AD | |
| Maya | Various | Kingdom City States | 2000 BC–900AD | |
| Mississippian culture | various | 800–1600 AD | ||
| Moche | Moche-Trujillo. | United Independent Polities | 100–800 AD | |
| Nazca | Various | Tribal chiefdoms | 100 BC–800 AD | |
| Tsenacommacah | Werowocomoco | Tribal Confederacy | 16th century–1677 AD | |
| Pueblo | Various | Tribal chiefdoms | 12th century BC–14th century AD | |
| Purépecha Empire | Tzintzuntzan | Empire | 1300–1530 AD | |
| Quilmes | Quilmes | Chiefdom | 850–1500 AD | |
| Teotihuacan Empire | Teotihuacan | Empire | 100 BC–8th century AD | |
| Tiwanakun Empire | Tiwanaku | Empire | 300–1000 AD | |
| Tlatelolco | Tiwanaku | Empire | 1337–1473 AD | |
| Tlaxcala | Tlaxcala | Confederacy | 1348–1520 AD | |
| Toltec Empire | Tula | Empire | 674–1122 AD | |
| Veracruz | El Tajín | city-states | 1200–1438 AD | |
| Xochimilco | Xochimilco | Kingdom | 900–1521 AD | |
| Wari Empire | Huari | Empire | 500–1100 AD | |
| Zapotec | Kingdom City States | 700 BC–1521 AD | ||
| Muisca Confederation | Hunza and Bacatá | Tribal Confederacy | ~1450–1540 AD | |
| Tairona | Various | Tribal chiefdoms | 2nd century BC–16th century AD |