List of states during the Middle Ages

Last updated

Post-classical history (also called the post-classical era) is the period of time that immediately followed the end of ancient history. Depending on the continent, the era generally falls between the years AD 200–600 and AD 1200–1500. The name of this era of history derives from classical antiquity (or the Greco-Roman era) of Europe. Though, the everyday context in use is reverse (such as historians reference to Medieval China). In European history, "post-classical" is synonymous with the medieval time or Middle Ages, the period of history from around the 5th century to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period. The Medieval period is itself subdivided into the early, high, and late Middle Ages.

Contents

Europe

Map of the world in 1025 AD East-Hem 1025ad.jpg
Map of the world in 1025 AD

British Isles

England

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Angevin Empire no officialempire11541242 Royal Banner of England.svg
Dumnonia Isca Dumnoniorumprincipality360710
England Winchester, Londonkingdom9271707 Flag of England.svg
East Angles Rendlesham, Dommockingdom6th cent.918
Essex Rendlesham, Dommockingdom527825
Haestingas Hastingstribal kingdom6th cent.771
Kent Durovernumkingdom488871
Lindsey Lindumkingdom/client410775
Mercia Tamworthkingdom527918
Northumbria Bamburghkingdom653954
North Sea Empire Ribepersonal union10131042
Sussex Selseykingdom477825
Wessex Winchesterkingdom5191018
Wihtwara Wihtgarsburghkingdom512686

Scotland

NameCapitalState typeFromTo
Alba Clogherkingdom9001286
Cait tribal kingdom25871
tribal kingdom1st cent.900
Dal Riada Dunaddkingdom501878
Fortriu tribal kingdom1850
Arms of Lordship of Galloway (ancient).svg Galloway kingdomc. 10001234
Gododdin kingdom5th cent.8th cent.
Mann and Isles kingdom8481266
Moray kingdomc. 9701130
Pictland kingdom452850
Flag of Scotland (1542-2003, sky blue).svg Scotland Stirling, Edinburghkingdom8431707
Strathclyde Dumbarton, Govankingdom4501093

Wales

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Brycheiniog kingdom4501045
Deheubarth Dinefwrkingdom9201197 Flag of Deheubarth.svg
Dyfed kingdom410910
Glywysing Cardiffkingdom4901063
Gwent Caerwent, Porth-is-Coedkingdom4201081 Coat of arms of Gwent.svg
Gwynedd variouskingdom4201216 Flag of Gwynedd (3-2).svg
Powys variouskingdom4881160 Flag of Powys.svg
Wales Aber Garth Celynprincipality12161542

Ireland

NameCapitalState typeFromToArms
Airgíalla Cloghertribal federation/kingdom3311590
Brega kingdom6201013
Breifne Croghankingdom7001256 O'Rourke Arms.svg
Desmond Killarneykingdom11181596 MacCarthy.png
Dublin Dublinkingdom8531170
East Breifne Belturbet, Cavankingdom12561607 Coat of arms of O'Reilly.svg
Iar Connacht Dromahairtúatha/kingdom10511589 O'Flaherty.png
Ireland Dublinlordship11711542
Iveagh túath4th cent.1543 Arms of McGuinness.svg
Leinster kingdom4361632 Kavanagh Coat of arms.svg
Mac William Íochtar Kilmainetanistry13301602 Arms of Bourke of Mayo.svg
Meath Dublinkingdom1st cent.1173 Coat of arms of Meath.svg
Munster Corkkingdom1st cent. BC1118 AD MacCarthy.png
Northern Uí Néill variouskingdom4201137
Ossory Kilkennykingdom1501185
Thomond Enniskingdom11181543 Sword of Nuada.png
Tyrconnell Dun na nGallkingdom4641607 Arms of the house of O'Donnell (ancient).svg
Uí Failghe Rathangan, Daingeankingdom5071550
Uí Fidgenti Brugh Ríoghkingdom4th cent.10th cent.
Uí Liatháin Castlelyonskingdom4th cent.1220
Uí Mháine varioustúatha3571611 O'Kelly.png
Ulaid variouskingdom4001177 RedHandOfUlster DexterHand.png
West Breifne Dromahairtúatha12561605 O'Rourke Arms.svg

France/Germany/Low Countries

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Angevin Empire no officialempire11541242 Royal Banner of England.svg
Austrasia Metzkingdom511751
Bavaria duchy508788
Béarn variousviscounty9th cent.1620Flag of Bearn.svg
Bouillon Bouillonduchy14561794 Flag of Bouillon.svg
Brabant Brusselsduchy11831430
Brittany variousduchy9391547 Drapeau de la province de Bretagne (1532).svg
Burgundy Dijonduchy10321477 Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg
Carantania Karnburgprincipality658828
Carolingian Empire Aachenempire800888
East Francia variouskingdom843962
France Paris, Versailleskingdom8431792 Pavillon royal de France.svg
Frisia Dorestad, Utrechttribal kingdom600734
Frisia (Upstalsboom League)confederacyc. 1200c. 1500 Sigillum iudicum Selandiarum Frisiae Transparent 2.png
Flanders variouscounty8621795 Generieke vlag van Vlaanderen.svg
Frankish Empire Tournai, Pariskingdom/empire481843
Holland The Haguecounty11th cent.1795 Wapen graafschap Holland.svg
Holy Roman Empire

see List of states of the Holy Roman Empire

no officialempire9621806
Lorraine Nancyduchy9591766 Premier etendard du duche de Lorraine.png
Lotharingia kingdom855959
Middle Francia Aachenkingdom843855
Normandy Rouenduchy9111259 Flag of Normandie.svg
Old Saxony duchy758804
Pomerania variousduchy11211637 Grunwald Slupsk i Szczecin.svg
Poher Vorgiumprincipality520936 Poher traditional district flag.svg
Saxons tribal confederation5th cent. BC754 AD
Swiss Confederacy variousconfederacyc. 13001798 Early Swiss cross.svg
County of Toulouse Toulousecounty7781271
Terra Mariana variousconfederated bishopric principalities (religious)12071561 Flag of the State of the Teutonic Order.svg
West Francia Pariskingdom843987

Scandinavia

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Denmark variouskingdomc. 900present Flag of Denmark.svg
Iceland Þingvellircommonwealth (federation)9301262
Kalmar Union Copenhagen (from 1443)union13971523 Flag of the Kalmar Union.svg
North Sea Empire Ribepersonal union10131042
Kingdom of Norway variouskingdom872present Royal Banner of Norway (14th Century).svg
Petty kingdoms of Norway variouskingdoms?872
Sweden variouskingdomc. 970present Flag of Sweden (pre-1906).svg

Balkans

NameCapital/sState typeFromToFlag
Albania Durrësprincipality13281415 Stema e Karl Topise.png
Achaea Andravida, Mystrasprincipality12051432 Coat of arms of the Principality of Achaea.svg
Arbanon Krujaprincipality11901255 Geziq eagle emblem.svg
Archipelago Naxosduchy12071579 Coat of Arms of the House of Sanudo.svg
Argos & Nauplia Nauplialordship/client12121388 Coat of arms of the House of Brienne (Counts of Brienne).svg
Arta Artadespotate13591416
Athens Athensduchy12051458 Arms of the House of de la Roche.svg
Bodonitsa Beneventomarquisate/client12041414
Kingdom of Bosnia variouskingdom13771463 Bosnian Royal Flag of Tvrtko I of Bosnia (rotated).svg
Byzantine Empire Constantinopleempire3951453 Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century.svg
First Bulgarian Empire Pliska (681–893), Preslav (893–968/972), Skopje, Ohrid, Bitola (until 1018)empire6811018
Second Bulgarian Empire Tarnovo (1185–1393) Vidin and Nikopol (1393–1396)empire11851396 Flag of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1325).svg
Emirate of Crete Chandaxemirate824961
Croatian duchy variousprincipalityc. 800925
Croatia variouskingdom9251102
Dobruja Karvunadespotate13561411 Flag of Vicina.svg
Duklja Shkodërdespotate10th cent.1186
Latin Empire Constantinopleempire12041261 Arms of Courtenay-Constantinople.svg
Țara Litua Câmpulung, Curtea de Argeșprincipality12411290 Litovoi COA.png
Despotate of Lovech Lovechdespotate13301446 Stratemirovic Coat of Arms.jpg
League of Lezhë confederacy14441479 Albania Flag.png
Lower Pannonia variousprincipality/client839875
Narentines tribal chiefdom/county/duchy6th cent.10th cent.
Moldavia Baia/Siret (1343-1388), Suceava (1388-1564)principality13461859 Coat of arms used by Alexandru cel Bun.jpg
Neopatras Neopatrasduchy13191390 Coat of Arms of the Duchy of Neopatria.svg
Lordship of Prilep Prilepkingdom13711395 Royal banner of Mrnjavcevic family.svg
Ragusa Ragusarepublic13581807 St. Blaise - State Flag of the Ragusan Republic.svg
Salona Salonalordship12121394
Principality of Serbia Rasprincipality7th cent.c. 970 Seal of Strojimir.gif
Grand Principality of Serbia Rasgrand principalityc. 10801217 Seal of Stefan Nemanja.svg
Kingdom of Serbia Ras, Žiča, Prizrenkingdom12171346 Flag of Serbia (1281).svg
Serbian Empire Skopje, Prizrenempire13461371 Flag of the Serbian Empire, reconstruction.svg
Principality of Serbia Kruševacprincipality13711402 Flag of Moravian Serbia.svg
Serbian Despotate Kuševac, Beograd, Smederevodespotate14021459 Coat of arms of the Serbian Despotate.svg
Travunia Trebinjeprincipality/client8501482
Thessalonica Thessalonicakingdom12041224 Kingdom of Thessalonica arms.png
Principality of Valona Valonaprincipality13461417
Vidin Vidintsardom13561365 Flag of Bulgaria (14th century).svg
Wallachia Câmpulung, Curtea de Argeș (1330-1418) Târgoviște (1418-1659)principality12901859 Coa Romania Country Wallachia History 2 (14th century).svg

Iberian Peninsula

NameCapital/sState typeFromToFlag
Aragon Jaca, Zaragozakingdom11621716 Royal Banner of Aragon.svg
Asturias variouskingdom718924 Cruz de Asturias.svg
Castile variouskingdom12301516 Royal Banner of the Crown of Castille (15th Century Style).svg
Catalonia Barcelonaprincipality11621716 Royal Banner of Aragon.svg
Córdoba Córdobaemirate756929
Córdoba Córdobacaliphate9291031
Galicia A Coruñakingdom9101833 Bandeirareinogaliza.svg
Hispanica Girona?marquisate795801
León Leónkingdom9101230
Majorca Palma, Perpignankingdom12311715 Bandera del Reino de Mallorca.svg
Navarre Pamplonakingdom8241841 Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg
County of Portugal Guimarães, Coimbrakingdom8681139 PortugueseFlag1095.svg
Portugal variouskingdom11391910 Royal Arms of Portugal.svg
Spain Toledo, Madridcomposite monarchy/kingdom1479present Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg
Suebi Bragakingdom409585
Taifa variousconfederation of kingdoms/principalities10111571
Valencia Valenciakingdom12381707 Royal Banner of Aragon.svg
Visigothic variouskingdom418720 Leovigild CNG 97-722237 (obverse).jpg

Italy

NameCapital/sState typeFromToFlag
Ancona Anconarepublic1001532 Flag of the Republic of Ancona (c. 1174-1532).svg
Apulia and Calabria Malfi, later Salernocounty10431130
Benevento Beneventoduchy/principality/client5711074 Lombard Calvary cross potent (transparent).png
Capua Capuaprincipality8611139
Ceva Cevamarquisate11251427 Arms of the house of Ceva.svg
Republic of Cospaia Cospaiarepublic14401826 Flag of Cospaia.svg
Florence Florencerepublic11151532 State Flag of the Republic of Florence.svg
Duchy of Gaeta Gaetaduchy8391140 Flag of Gaeta (10th century).svg
Genoa Genoarepublic10051797 Flag of Genoa.svg
Lombard Paviakingdom568774
Lucca Luccarepublic11601805 Flag of Lucca.svg
Milan Milanduchy13951796 Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg
Naples Naplesduchy6611137
Republic of Noli Nolirepublic11921797 Flag of the Republic of Noli.svg
Papal Romepontifical states7541870 Flag of the Papal States (1825-1870).svg
Republic of Pisa Pisarepublic10001406 Flag of the Republic of Pisa.svg
Salerno Salernoprincipality8511077 Principatus Salerni coat of arms.svg
San Marino San Marinorepublic301present San Marino 1465 Battle Standard - Verter Casali reconstruction.svg
Sardinian kingdoms variousvarious kingdoms10th cent.1420
Sardinia Cagliari, Turinkingdom13241861
Savoy Chambeery, later Turinduchy14161714 Flag of Savoie.svg
Emirate of Sicily Balarmemirate8311091
County of Sicily Palermocounty10711130 Coat of Arms of Roger I of Sicily.svg
Kingdom of Sicily variouskingdom11301816 Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg
Siena Sienarepublic11251555 Flag of Siena.svg
Sorrento Sorrentoduchy8401137 Stemma del Ducato di Sorrento.png
Venice Venicerepublic6971797 Flag of Republic of Venice (1659-1675).svg
Western Roman Empire Ravennaempire395480 Labarum of the Roman Empire (simple).png

Hungary/Poland/Baltics

NameCapital/sState typeFromToFlag
Avar Khaganate not specifiedkhaganate567804 Flag of Avar Khaghanate.png
Principality of Hungary Esztergom, Székesfehérvárprincipality8951000 Flag of Hungary (895-1000).svg
Kingdom of Hungary variouskingdom10001918 Flag of Hungary (13th century).svg
Lithuania Vilniusgrand duchy12361569 Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg
Livonia variousconfederated bishopric principalities (religious)14351561 Zakon Kawalerow Mieczowych COA.svg
Moravia Veligradkingdom833907
Duchy of Poland Gnieznokingdom9661025 Emblem of Civitas Schinesghe.svg
Kingdom of Poland Gniezno, later Cracoviakingdom10251385
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland Krakowkingdom13851795
Terra Mariana variousconfederated bishopric principalities (religious)12071561 Flag of the State of the Teutonic Order.svg

Russia/Ukraine/Belarus/Lithuania

NameCapital/sState typeFromToFlag
Principality of Beloozero Beloozero principality11991550 Coat of Arms of Principality of Beloozero.jpg
Old Great Bulgaria Phanagoria absolute monarchy, khaganate632668 Flag of Constantine Tikh of Bulgaria 13th century.png
Principality of Chernihiv Chernihivprincipality10241402 COA of Chernihiv Principality.svg
Crimean Khanate Stary Krym, Bakhchisaraykhanate14491783 Flag of the Crimean Khanate (15th century).svg
Principality of Dmitrov Dmitrovprincipality13381460 Flag of Dmitrov (Moscow oblast).png
Duchy of Lithuania Aukštaitijaduchy11111236 Flag of Aukstaitija.svg
Galicia–Volhynia variousprincipality/kingdom/client11991349 Alex K Halych-Volhynia-flag.svg
Principality of Galich Galichprincipality12001481 Galich COA (Kostroma Governorate) (1779).png
Principality of Galicia Halychprincipality11241199 Alex K Halych.svg
Principality of Kholm Kholmprincipality13301487 Pogorelskoe gerb.gif
Kievan Rus' Kievfederated principalities8821283
Principality of Kiev Kievprincipality11321471 Flag of Kiev.svg
Lithuania Vilniusgrand duchy12361569 Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg
Principality of Mikulin Mikulinprincipality13391485 Coat of arms of Mikulino.png
Moscow Moscowgrand duchy/client12831547
Principality of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal Nizhny Novgorodprincipality13411425 Coat of arms of the Principality of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal.svg
Novgorod Republic Novgorodrepublic11361478
Principality of Pereyaslavl Krakowkingdom9881239/1323 Flag of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky.svg
Great Perm Perm principality11901600 Emblema permskoi zemli (Saadachnyi pokrovets, okolo 1626 god).gif
Polotsk Polotakprincipality9871504 Polotsk Flag.png
Tsardom of Russia Moscow, Saint Petersburgtsardom15471721 Flag of Oryol ship (variant).svg
Principality of Ryazan Ryazanprincipality11291521 Symbol Duchy of Ryazan.svg
Principality of Serpukhovsko-Borovsky Serpukhovprincipality13381460 Flag of Serpukhov.svg
Principality of Smolensk Smolenskprincipality, vassal state10541508 Coat of Arms of Smolensk (1430s).svg
Principality of Starodub Starodubprincipality12151451
Principality of Tver Tverprincipality12461485 Flag of Tver.svg
Principality of Vereya Vereyaprincipality14001491 Flag of Vereya (Moscow oblast).png
Vladimir-Suzdal Vladimirprincipality11571331 Flag of Vladimir.svg
Principality of Volhynia Volhyniaprincipality11571331 Alex Volhynia.svg
Principality of Yaroslavl Yaroslavlprincipality12171470 Flag of Yaroslavl Oblast.svg

Middle East and North Africa

Middle East

Anatolia

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Ahis Ankarabeylik12301392
Alaiye Alanyabeylik12931471 Flag of the Afshar Tribe.svg
Aydinids Birgi, Selçukbeylik13001425 Flag of the Beylik of Aydin.svg
Armenian Cilicia Tarsus, Siskingdom11981375 Flag of the Rubenid Dynasty.svg
Arminiya Dvinprincipality/client653884
Byzantine Empire Constantinopleempire3301453
Beyliks of Canik variousbeylik14601330s
Candar dynasty Eflani, Kastamonu, Sinopbeylik12911461 Flag of Semiso in Catalan atlas.svg
Chobanids Kastamonubeylik12111309
Beylik of Çubukoğulları Harputbeylik10851112
Beylik of Dilmaç Bitlisbeylik10851398
Beylik of Dulkadir Elbistan, Marasbeylik13481522
Germiyanids Kütahyabeylik13001429
Hamidids Eğirdirbeylik13001391
Inalids Diyarbakırbeylik10851183
Karamanids Karamanbeylik12501487
Karasids Balıkesir, Bergama, Çanakkalebeylik12861357
Kurdish emirates variouschiefdoms/principalities16th cent.19th cent.
Beylik of Lâdik Denizli,beylik12621391
Mengujekids Erzurumbeylik10721277
Menteshe Milasbeylik12611424
Marwanids Diyarbakiremirate9831085
Nicaea Nicaeaempire/client12041261 Lascaris-Arms.svg
Ottoman Empire Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbulempire12991922 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg
Pervâneoğlu Sinopbeylik12771322
Ramadanid Emirate Adanaemirate13521608
Rüm Nicaea, Iconiumsultanate10771307
Sahib Ataids Afyonkarahisarbeylik12751341
Saltukids Erzurumbeylik10721202
Sarukhanids Manisabeylik13001510
Shah-Armens Ahlatbeylik11101207
Beylik of Smyrna Izmirbeylik10811098
Beylik of Tanrıbermiş Alaşehirbeylik10711098
Teke Antalya, Korkutelibeylik13211423 Flag of Sattalia in Catalon atlas.svg
Trebizond Empire Trebizondempire/client12041461

Arabia

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Abbasid Caliphate Baghdadempire (religious)7501256 Abbasid banner.svg
Ghassanid Balka, Harith, Petra, Sideirkingdom220712
Jabrids emirate14171524 Flag of Bani Khalid Emirate.svg
Jarwanid dynasty Qatifkingdom13101417
Mahdids sultanate11551174
Mecca Meccaemirate9671916 Hashemite banner.svg
Medina MedinaIslamic state630632
Nabhanis Bahlakingdom11541624
Najahid dynasty Zabidemirate10221158
Ormus Hormuzkingdom162211th cent. Flag of Ormus.png
Ottoman Empire Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbulempire12991922 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg
Qarmatians al-Hasarepublic (utopia)8991067
Rassids not specifiedimamate8971962
Rasulid dynasty Zubidsultanate12291454
Sulaymanids sultanate10631174
Sulayhid dynasty Sana'asultanate10471138
Tahirids Zabidsultanate14541517
Umayyad Caliphate Damascus, Harranempire (religious)661750
Usfurids Al-Hasakingdom12531320
Uyunid Al Hasa, Awal, Qatifemirate10761253
Wajihids Suharemirate926965
Yu'firids Sana'a, Shibam Kawkabamprincipality847997
Ziyadid Zabidemirate (religious)8191018
Zurayids Adentribal confederacy (religious)10831174

Iran

NameCapitalState typeFromTo
Abbasid Caliphate Baghdadempire (religious)7501256 Abbasid banner.svg
Afrasiyab dynasty Amolkingdom13491504
Ahmadilis Maraghehkingdom11221225
Alavids Amolkingdom864900
Alavids Amolkingdom914928
Aq Qoyunlu variousconfederate/sultanate13781501 Flag of the Aq Qoyunlu.svg
Baduspanids kingdom6651598
Banu Ilyas Bardsiremirate923968
Bavand Perim, Sari, Amolkingdom6511349
Buwayhids Shiraz, Ray, Baghdademirate9341062
Chobanids Tebrizkingdom13381357
Dabuyid Amol, Sari, Fumankingdom642760
Ghurid varioussultanate8791215
Hasanwayhids Dinawaremirate9591015
Hazaraspids chiefdom11151424
Ilkhanate Maragha, Tabriz, Soltaniyehnomadic kingdom12561335 Flag of the Ilkhanate.svg
Injuids Shirazempire13351357
Jalayirid Sultanate Baghdad, Tabrizsultanate13351432
Justanids Rudbarkingdom79111th cent.
Kakuyids Isfahan, Yazdkingdom10081141
Kara Koyunlu Tabrizconfederation13741468
Khorshidi dynasty Khorramabadkingdom11841497
Mar'ashis Anol, Sari, Vatashankingdom13591596
Masmughans of Damavand Damavandkingdom651760
Muzaffarids Kermankingdom13141393
Nizari Ismaili Alamut Castle, Masyafmilitary order10901273 Flag of Nizari Ismaili state (1162-1256).svg
Qarinvand dynasty Lafurkingdom550s11th cent.
Rawadids Tabrizemirate9551071
Sadakiyanschiefdom770827/8
Saffarid dynasty Zaranjempire8611002
Safavid Iran Tabriz, Qazvin, Isfahanempire15011736 Safavid Flag.svg
Sajid dynasty Maragah, Ardabilkingdom789929
Salghurids Shirazatabegate11481282
Sallarid dynasty Taromkingdom9191062
Sarbadars Sabzevarkingdom13371381
Sasanian Empire Istakhr, Cteisphonempire224651 Derafsh Kaviani flag of the late Sassanid Empire.svg
Seljuk Nishapur, Rey, Isfahan, Merv, Hamadanempire10371194
Umayyad Caliphate Damascus, Harranempire (religious)661750
Atabegs of Yazd Yazdkingdom11411319
Ziyarid dynasty variouskingdom9311090

Mesopotamia

NameCapitalState typeFromTo
Abbasid Caliphate Baghdadempire (religious)7501256 Abbasid banner.svg
Artuqids Hasankeyf, Diyarbakır, Harput, Mardinbeylik11021409
Buwayhids Shiraz, Ray, Baghdademirate9341062
Hamdanid Mosul, Aleppoemirate8901003
Jalayirid Sultanate Baghdad, Tabrizsultanate13351432
Numayrids Harranemirate9901081
Ottoman Empire Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbulempire12991922 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg
Uqaylid Mosulemirate9901096
Umayyad Caliphate Damascus, Harranempire (religious)661750
Zengid Aleppoemirate11271250

Levantine/Cyprus

NameCapitalState typeFromTo
Abbasid Caliphate Baghdadempire (religious)7501256 Abbasid banner.svg
Antioch Antiochprincipality/client10981268
Assaf Ghazirlordship/client13061591
Banu Ammar Tripoliprincipality/client (religious)10701109
Cyprus Nicosiakingdom11921489 Stemma reale di Giano di Cipro.svg
Edessa Edessa, Turbesselcounty10981150 Arms of the House of Courtenay (undifferencied arms).svg
Galilee Tiberiasprincipality/client10991187 Vexillum Regni Hierosolymae.svg
Harfush Baalbeklordship/client14901865 Rectangular green flag.svg
Jarrahids Ramlaemirate/client9701107
Jerusalem Jerusalemkingdom10991291 Vexillum Regni Hierosolymae.svg
Ma'n Chouflordship/client11201697 Maanid Emirate Flag.svg
Mirdasid Aleppoemirate10241080
Ottoman Empire Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbulempire12991922 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg
Oultrejordain Montreal (Arabah), Keraklordship/client11181199
Sidon Sidonlordship/client11101260 Blason famille Agrain.svg
Tripoli Tripolicounty/client11021289
Tulunids Al-Qata'iemirate868905
Umayyad Caliphate Damascus, Harranempire (religious)661750

North Africa

Egypt

NameCapitalState typeFromTo
Abbasid Caliphate Baghdadempire (religious)7501256 Abbasid banner.svg
Ayyubid Cairoconfederated principalities/empire11711341
Banu Kanz Aswanempire9431365
Fatimid Caliphate Mahdia, Al-Mansuriya, Caironomadic kingdom9091171
Ikhshidid Fustatemirate935969
Mamluk Cairosultanate12501517 Flag of the Mameluke Sultanate.png
Ottoman Empire Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbulempire12991922 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg
Tulunids Al-Qata'iemirate868905
Umayyad Caliphate Damascus, Harranempire (religious)661750

Maghreb

NameCapitalState typeFromTo
Aghlabids Kairouanvassal state800909
Almoravid Aghmat, Marrakeshempire10401147
Almohad Tinmel, Marrakeshempire (religious)11211269
Kingdom of the Aurès Arris, Khenchelakingdom484703
Banu Khazrun Tripolikingdom10011146
Banu Khattab Zawilakingdom9181177
Banu Khurasan Tuniskingdom11081159
Banu Talis Bani Walidemirate12581551
Banu Thabit Tripolikingdom14th cent.14th cent. Flag of Tripoli (1350) as reported by the "Book of All Kingdoms".svg
Barghawata tribal confederation7441058
Fatimid Caliphate Mahdia, Al-Mansuriya, Cairoempire9091171
Hammadid Beni Hammad, Bejaiakingdom10141152
Hafsid Tunissultanate12291574
Idrisids Fezempire (religious)788985
Kingdom of Kuku Kukusultanate15151638
Midrarid dynasty Sijilmasakingdom757976
Maghrawa Oujdaemirate9881069
Marinid Sultanate Fezsultanate12441465
Nekor Temsaman, Nekoremirate7101012
Ottoman Empire Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbulempire12991922 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg
Kingdom of Ouarsenis Jedarskingdom430735
Rustamid dynasty Tahertimamate707999
Saadi Sultanate varioussultanate15101659
Sulaymanid dynasty Tlemcenkingdom814922
Tlemcen Tlemcenkingdom12351554 Flag of Kingdom of Tlemcen (1388-1488).svg
Emirate of Tlemcen Tlemcenemirate757790
Umayyad Caliphate Damascus, Harranempire (religious)661750
Wattasid dynasty Fezkingdom14721554
Zab Emirate Biskraemirate14021350s
Zirid dynasty variousvassal state9721148

Caucasus,Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia

Caucasus

NameCapitalState typeExistedExistedFlag
Kingdom of Abkhazia Anakopia, Kutaisikingdom7781008 Flag of the Kingdom of Egris-Abkhazia v2.svg
Principality of Abkhazia Sukhumiprincipality14631864 Principality of Abkhazia coat of arms.svg
Ahmadilis Maraghehkingdom11221225
Alania Maghaskingdomlate 9th cent.1240
Kingdom of Artsakh Khachen, Haterk, Vaykunikkingdom12611603 Royal Standard of the Principality of Khachen (1214-1261).svg
Avaria Khunzakhkhaganate13th cent.1864 Flag of the Avars (Variant 3).svg
Bagratid Armenia variouskingdom880s1045 Bagratuni flag.svg
Circassia variouskingdom7th cent.1864 Circassian flag.svg
Eldiguzids Nakhchivanatabeg11261245
Georgia Kutaisi, Tbilisikingdom10081491 Flag of Georgia.svg
Iberia Tbilisiprincipality580891 Kartli - drosha jvari.svg
Kingdom of Kakheti Gremikingdom14651762 Flag of Kingdom of Kakheti.svg
Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti Telavikingdom10141104
Karluk Yabghu Suyab, later Balasaguntribal kingdom756840
Kingdom of Kartli Tbilisikingdom14781762 Coat of arms of Kartli Georgia.png
Principality of Khachen Gandzasar, Haterk, Tsarprincipality12611603 Royal Standard of the Principality of Khachen (1214-1261).svg
Lazica Phasiskingdom/client1st cent. BC7th cent. AD
Shirvanshahs Shamakhi, later Bakukingdom8611534 Coat of arms of Shirvan.svg
Simsim kingdom13491470
Sarir Humrajkingdom/client4531000
Tarki Shamkhalate Tarkikingdom8th cent.1867 Flag of the Shamkhalate of Tarki.jpg
Kingdom of Syunik Kapankingdom9871170
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget Matsnaberd, Lorikingdom9791118
Kingdom of Vaspurakan Vankingdom9081021
Zakarid Armenia Vankingdom12011050Ani

Eurasian Steppe

NameCapitalState typeExistedExistedFlag
Astrakhan Khanate Astrakhankhaganate14661556
Avar Khaganate khaganate567804
Barsil tribal union600700
Old Great Bulgaria Phanagoria absolute monarchy, khaganate632668 Monogram of Kubrat.svg
Volga Bulgaria Bolghar, Bilär monarchy, khaganate7th cent.1240s
Chagatai Khanate Almaliqnomadic empire12261660
Cumania not specifiednomadic confederation9001220
Eastern Turkic Khaganate Otukennomadic empire603645
Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom Ganzhoukingdom8941038
Göktürk Khaganate Ordu Baliqnomadic confederation552747 Tamga of Ashina.png
Golden Horde Sarai Batukhanate12401502
Karluk Yabghu Suyab, later Balasaguntribal kingdom756840
Kangar union located in Ulutau mountainsnomadic kingdom659750
Khanate of Kazan Kazan khanate 14381552
Khamag Mongol tribal confederation/khanate11201206
Kara-Khanid Khanate variousnomadic confederation8401212
Khazar Khaganate variousnomadic kingdom6181048
Khitan Shangjingkingdom/client3881211
Kimek–Kipchak confederation Imekiatribal confederation8801035
Moghulistan Almaliqkhaganate13471660s
Mongol Empire variousempire12061368 Flag of the Mongol Empire 3.png
Nogai Horde Saray-Jükhorde1440s1634
Northern Yuan Shangdukingdom13681635
Oghuz Yabgu State Jankentkhaganate7661055
Qocho Kingdom Qochokingdom84314th cent.
Oirat Confederation Tarkitribal confederation13991634
Second Turkic Khaganate Otuken, Yarγan yurtïnomadic empire682744 Tamga of Ashina.png
Khanate of Sibir Sibirkhaganate14681598
Tatar not specifiedconfederation8th cent.1202
Uyghur Khaganate Otuken, later Ordu-Baliqnomadic empire744840 Yaglakar clan tamga.png
Western Turkic Khaganate Navekat, Suyubnomadic empire603742
Xueyantuo Ih Hureetribal confederation623728
Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate Ordo-Baliq, Kemijketkhaganate6931207
Yuan Empire Khanbaliqnomadic empire12711368

Central Asia

NameCapitalState typeExistedExistedFlag
Afrighid Kathkingdom/client305995
Farighunids Maymanaclient kingdom9th cent.1010
Ghaznavids Empire Ghazni, later Lahoreempire9771186
Ghurid varioussultanate8791215
Guzgan principality7th cent.8th cent.
Kashgar Kashgarkingdom/client80850
Khotan Khotankingdom561006
Khwarazmian Empire Gurgani, Samarkand, Tabrizempire10771231
Mihrabanids Zaranjkingdom12361537
Nasrid dynasty Zaranjkingdom10291225 Nasrid-coin-obv-Taj.png
Samanid Empire Samarkand, later Bukharaempire819999
Timurid Empire Samarkand, Heratempire13701507
Tokhara Yabghus Kunduzsub-kingdom625758
Principality of Ushrusana Bunjikatprincipality600892/3
Uzbek Khanate Chimgi-Tura, Sighnaq, Isayconfederate khaganate14281471
Zunbils Ghazninomadic empire680870

East Asia

Map of the world 13th century AD East-Hem 1200ad.jpg
Map of the world 13th century AD

China

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Dali Kingdom Dali Town chiefdom9371253
Dachanghe Dalichiefdom902928
Eastern Liao kingdom12131269
Eastern Xia Kaiyuankingdom12151233
Later Han Kaifengkingdom947951
Northern Han Taiyuankingdom951979
Great Jin variousempire11151254
Later Jin Kaifengkingdom936947
Later Liang Luoyang, Kaifengkingdom90723
Ma Chu Changshakingdom908951
Middag Middagkingdom?17th cent.
Min Changlekingdom909945
Mongol Empire Avarga, Karakorum, Daduempire12061368 Flag of the Mongol Empire 3.png
Former Shu Chengdukingdom907925
Later Shu Chengdukingdom934965
Chiefdom of Sizhou Sizhouchiefdom5821413
Song Empire Bianjing, Lin'anempire9601279
Southern Han Xingwang Fukingdom917971
Tang Empire Chang'an, Luoyangempire618907
Later Tang Luoyang, Kaifengkingdom923937
Southern Tang Jinlingkingdom937976
Western Xia Xingqingkingdom10381237
Wuyue Qiantangkingdom907978
Yang Wu Yangzhoukingdom907937
Yuan Empire Khanbaliqnomadic empire12711368
Later Zhou Kaifengkingdom951960

Japan

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Ashikaga shogunate Heian-kyōmilitary regime13361573 Ashikaga mon.svg
Azuchi–Momoyama Azuchi, Heian-kyōmilitary regime15681600 Mon-Oda.png
Chūzan Urasoekingdom13141429
Hokuzan Nakijinkingdom13221466
Ikkō-ikki Ishiyama Hongan-jimilitary confederacy14571586 Turumaru Flags.jpg
Japan kingdom4th cent.7th cent.
Kamakura shogunate Kamakura-kyō, Heian-kyōmilitary regime11921333 Sasa Rindo.svg
Ryukyu Shurikingdom14291879 Seal of the Ryukyu Kingdom.svg

Korea

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Later Baekje Wansanjukingdom892936
Balhae EmpireDongmoempire698926
Goryeo Gaegyeong kingdom9181392 Royal flag of Goryeo (Bong-gi).svg
Jeongan kingdom938986
Silla Gyeongjukingdom55 BC935 AD
Tamna kingdom?1404
Taebong Somgak, Cheorwonkingdom901918
Usan kingdom512930

Tibet

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Guge Tsaparangkingdom9101630
Khasa Kingdom Sinja Valleykingdom11th cent.14th cent.
Maryul Sheykingdom9301842
Phagmodrupa dynasty Nedongkingdom13541618
Rinpungpa Shigatsekingdom14351565
Tibetan Empire Lhasa, Pho brangempire618841
Tsangpa Shigatsetheocracy15651642
Tsongkha Tsongkhatheocracy9971104
Xiliangfu Liangzhoutribal confederation9061016

Southeast Asia

Burma

NameCapitalState typeExistedFlag
Kingdom of Ava AvaKingdom1365–1555
Hanthawaddy kingdom variousKingdom1287–1552 AD Golden Hintar flag of Burma.svg
Kingdom of Mrauk U Mrauk UKingdom1430–1785 AD
Myinsaing Kingdom MyinsaingKingdom1237–1313 AD
Pagan Kingdom PaganKingdom849–1297 AD
Pinya Kingdom PinyaKingdom1313–1365 AD
Prome Kingdom NanzanKingdom1482–1542 AD
Pyu Sri KsetraFederated City States250 BC–1085 AD
Sagaing Kingdom SagaingKingdom1315–1365 AD
Shan States VariousKingdoms1215–1985
Thaton ThatonKingdom300 BC–1085 AD
Toungoo dynasty Toungoo, Pegu, AvaKingdom1510–1752 AD
Möng Mao Lông SelanKingdom1335–1444 AD

Cambodia/Laos/Thailand

NameCapitalState typeExistedFlag
Dvaravati Si Thep, Ayodhyapura, Mueang UthongKingdom629–1292 AD
Haripuñjaya HaripuñjayaKingdom629–1292 AD
Khmer Empire Angkor Empire802–1431 AD
Lan Na Chiang Rai, Fang, Wiang Kum Kam, Chiang MaiKingdom1292–1775 AD Seal of Lanna Kingdom.png
Lavo Lavo, AyodhayaKingdom450–1388 AD
Lan Xang Luang Prabang, later Vientiane Kingdom1353–1707 AD
Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom Nakhon Si ThammaratKingdom13th century–1782 AD
Ngoenyang NgoenyangKingdom638–1292 AD
Phayao Kingdom PhayaoKingdom1094–1338 AD
Sukhothai Kingdom Sukhothai, Song KhwaeKingdom1238–1438 AD

Vietnam

NameCapitalState typeExistedFlag
Đại Việt / Annam Thăng Long Kingdom938–1400 AD / 1428–1804 AD
Đại Ngu Tây Đô Kingdom1400–1407 AD
Ngưu Hống Murong MoiKingdom1000–1432 AD
Vạn Xuân Longbian Kingdom544–603 AD

Indonesia/Malaysia

NameCapitalState typeExistedFlag
Aru Kingdom Kota RentangKingdom1225–1613
Bali Kingdom BaliKingdom914–1908 AD Old Flag of Bali.svg
Blambangan Kingdom BanyuwangiKingdom13th–18th century AD
Bruneian Empire VariousEmpire7th–19th centuries AD Old Flag of Brunei.svg
Sultanate of Cirebon VariousSultanate1447–1679 AD COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Katoenen banier met Arabische kalligrafie TMnr 5663-1.svg
Demak Sultanate Demak Sultanate1475–1554 AD
Galuh Kingdom KawaliKingdom669–1482 AD
Sultanate of Jailolo JailoloSultanate13th century–1832 AD
Janggala Hujung GaluhKingdom1045–1135 AD
Kahuripan KahuripanKingdom1019–1045 AD
Kalingga Kingdom Kingdom6th–7th century AD
Kalinyamat Sultanate KalinyamatSultanate1527–1599 AD
Kantoli KantoliKingdom???–471 AD
Kedah Kedah cityKingdom, later Sultanate330–present AD Flag of Kedah.svg
Kediri Kingdom DahanapuraKingdom1042–1222 AD
Kutai Kingdom, later Sultanate399–1844 AD
Lambri Kingdom822–1503 AD
Langkasuka Kedah, PattaniKingdom100–1516 AD
Kingdom of Maynila MaynilaKingdom1500–1571 AD
Majapahit TrowulanEmpire1293–1527 AD Naval flag of Majapahit Kingdom.svg
Malacca Sultanate MalaccaSultanate1400–1528 AD
Mataram kingdom VariousKingdom716–1016 AD
Mataram Sultanate Kota Gede, Karta, Plered, KartosuroSultanate1586–1755 AD Flag of the Mataram Sultanate.svg
Negara Daha Kingdom?
Pahang InderapuraKingdom5th century–1454 AD
Kingdom of Pajang PajangKingdom1568–1586 AD
Pannai PannaiKingdom11th century–14th century AD
Pan Pan ?Kingdom300–700 AD
Segati Kingdom VariousKingdom?–16th century AD
Samudera Pasai Sultanate PasaiSultanate1267–1524 AD
Singhasari TumapelKingdom1222–1292 AD
Kingdom of Singapura SingapuraKingdom1299–1398 AD
Srivijaya PalembangKingdom671–1025 AD
Sulu VariousSultanate/client1405–1915 AD Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu.svg
Sunda Pakuan Pajajaran, KawaliKingdom669–1579 AD

Philippines

NameCapitalState typeExistedFlag
Caboloan BinalatonganKingdom1225–1556 AD
Cebu SinghapalaKingdom1400–1565 AD
Dapitan Kingdom DapitanKingdom13th century–1595
Kumalarang Kingdom13th century–1565
Madya-as Confederation1200–1569 AD
Kingdom of Maynila MaynilaKingdom1500–1571 AD
Ma-i Kingdom971–1339 AD
Namayan NamayanKingdom(before) 1175–1571 AD
Tondo Empire TondoCity State900–1589 AD

South Asia

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Ahmadnagar Sultanate varioussultanate14901636 Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg
Alupa dynasty variouskingdom2001444
Ay Aykudikingdom4th cent. BC12th cent. AD
Bhauma-Kara dynasty Jajpurkingdom8th cent.10th cent.
Bahmani Gulbarga, Bidarsultanate13471527
Baise Rajya variousconfederation of kingdoms?1744
Bengal Sultanate Pandua, Sonargaon, Gaursultanate13521576
Berar Sultanate Ellichpursultanate14901572
Bidar Sultanate Bidarsultanate14921619
Bijapur Sultanate Gulbarga, Bidarsultanate14901686
Bumthang Chakhar Guthokingdom7th cent.17th cent.
Chanda Bhutamabilikakingdom8071751
Chaubisi Rajya variousconfederation of principalities?1744
Chavda dynasty Panchaserkingdom690942
Chero dynasty variouskingdom12th cent.19th cent.
Chindaka Naga Barasurkingdom10231324 Chindaka Naga coat of arms.png
Chowta dynasty variouskingdom12th cent.18th cent.
Cochin variouskingdom12th cent.1947 Cochin flag.svg
Chahamanas of Shakambhari Shakambhari, Ajayamerukingdom6th cent.1192
Eastern Chalukya Vengi, Rajamundrykingdom6241129
Chudasama dynasty variouskingdom10th cent.1472
Chutia Kingdom Sadiyakingdom14th cent.1524
Delhi Sultanate Delhiempire12061526Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png
Deva dynasty Bikrampurkingdom12th cent.13th cent.
Dimasa Kingdom variouskingdom13th cent.1832
Gahadavala dynasty Banaras and Kannaujkingdom10891197
Gajapati Empire Cuttackempire14341541
Garha Kingdom Garhakingdom15th cent.1781
Garhwal variouskingdom8881949 Flag of the Princely State of Tehri Garhwal.svg
Golconda Sultanate Golconda, Hyderabadsultanate15181687 Qutbshahi Flag.svg
Gurjara Pratihara EmpireKannaujempire6501036
Kingdom of Gujarat Patan, Gujarat kingdom9411298 Kingdom of Gujarat Chaulukya Royal Insignia.png
Gujarat Sultanate Ahmedabadsultanate13941573 Gujarat Sultanate Flag.gif
Habbari Emirate Mansuraempire8541011
Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom Rayapurakingdom14th cent.1758
Hoysala Empire Sosavur, Belur, Halebiduempire10261343
Jaintia Kingdom Nartiang, Jaintiapurkingdom5001835
Jaunpur Sultanate Jaunpursultanate13941493
Kakatiya dynasty Orugalluempire11631323
Kalachuris of Sarayupara kingdom8001080
Kalachuris of Tripuri Tripurikingdom7th cent.1212
Kalachuri dynasty Mahishmatikingdom550625
Kalachuris of Kalyani Kalyanikingdom11641181
Kalachuris of Ratnapura Ratanpurkingdom11th cent.1758
Kamarupa Pragjyotishpur, Haruppeswara, Durjayakingdom3501140
Kamata Kingdom Kamarupanagarakingdom12571587
Kampili kingdom kingdom12301886
Karnat dynasty variouskingdom10971324
Karkota dynasty kingdom625855
Kashmir Sultanate Srinagarsultanate13201589
Later Gupta dynasty Pataliputra kingdom490750
Nayakas of Keladi Keladi, Ikkeri, Bidanurkingdom14991763
Khandesh Sultanate sultanate13821601
Khasa Kingdom Sinja Valleyempire11th cent.14th cent.
Kolathunadu variouskingdom6th cent. BCpresent
Kumaon Kingdom Baijnath, Champawat, Almorakingdom6001791 Flag of the Kumaon Kingdom.svg
Langah Sultanate Multansultanate14451540
Licchavi kingdom400750
Limbuwan various kingdoms5501609
Lohara dynasty Srinagarkingdom10031320
Malwa KingdomDharkingdom9471304
Malwa Sultanate Dharsultanate13921562
Madurai Sultanate Maduraisultanate13351378
Mallabhum kingdom Laugram, Bishnupurkingdom6941947
Malla dynasty variouskingdoms12011769
Mana dynasty Wairagarhkingdom650850
Maukhari EmpireKannaujempire550700
Madurai Nayak dynasty Maduraikingdom15291736
Emirate of Multan Multanempire8551010
Musunuri Nayakas Warangalkingdom13351358
Mysore Mysore, Srirangapatnakingdom13991947 Flag of Kingdom of Mysore.svg
Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh Lehkingdom14601842
Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur variouschiefdom4th cent.1952
Odanad Mavelikkara, Kayamkulamsultanate11th cent.1746
Oiniwar dynasty Sugaunakingdom13251526
Pala Empire variousempire7501161
Pallava Empire Kanchiempire250 BC800 AD
Pamduvamshis Sirpurkingdom7th cent.8th cent.
Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya Bodh Gayakingdom11th cent.13th cent.
Pratapgarh Kingdom Patharkandikingdom14891700s
Rashtrakuta dynasty Manyakhetakingdom753982
Reddi Kingdom Addankikingdom13251448
Saindhava Bhutamabilikakingdom735920
Sambuvarayar Rajagambhiramkingdom12361375
Sena Empire Gauda, Bikrampur, Nabadwip, Lakhnauti, Vijaynagarempire10701230
Seuna dynasty Devagirikingdom11871317
Shailodbhava dynasty kingdom6th cent.8th cent.
Shilahara Kingdom Thanekingdom8th cent.13th cent.
Sindh Arorkingdom632712
Somavamshi dynasty Yayatinagarakingdom9th cent.12th cent.
Taraf Rajpur, later Laskarpurkingdom12001610
Tomara dynasty Anangpurkingdom7361152
Utpala dynasty Awantiporakingdom8551003
Vaghela dynasty Dhavalakkakingdom12441304
Venad Kingdom Quilonkingdom8/9th cent.1729
Vijayanagara Empire Vijayanagaraempire13361646
Western Ganga Kolar, Talakadkingdom3501000
Western Chalukya Empire Manyakhetaempire9751184
Yajvapala dynasty kingdom13th cent.13th cent.
Zamorin Calicutkingdom11241806

Sri Lanka

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Anuradhapura Anuradhapurakingdom377 BC1017 AD Flag of King Dutugemunu.svg
Kingdom of Dambadeniya Dambadeniya12201345
Kingdom of Gampola Gampola13411408 Flag of the Kingdom of Raigama.svg
Jaffna kingdom Nallur12151619 Nandi flag.png
Kingdom of Kandy Kandy14691815 King of Kandy.svg
Kingdom of Kotte Kotte14121597 Flag of Kotte.svg
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa Vijayarajapura10551232
Kingdom of Sitawaka Sitawaka15211594 Flag of Sitawaka Kingdom (1521 - 1594).png
Vanni chieftaincies chiefdom13th cent.1782 Flag of Pandara Vanniyan.PNG

Sub-Saharan Africa

Map of the world during the early Middle Ages 700 AD East-Hem 700ad.jpg
Map of the world during the early Middle Ages 700 AD

Horn of Africa

NameCapitalState typeFromToFlag
Adal Zeila, Dakkar, Harrarsultanate14151559Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg
Ajuran Empire Mareeg, Qelafo, Meccaempire13th cent.17th cent.Muzzaffar (Mogadishu area) flag according to 1576 Portuguese map.svg
Aksumite Empire empire100960
Sultanate of Arababni sultanate12th cent.1840
Sultanate of Bale sultanate13th cent.1320s
Dankali Sultanate Dankalisultanate13th cent.18th cent.
Sultanate of Dahlak Dahlaksultanate9601557
Kingdom of Damot Maldaredekingdom9601317
Dawaro principality960s1601 cent.
Ennarea Yadare, Gowikingdom14th cent.1710 Ennarea royal flag.png
Ethiopian Empire Addis Ababaempire11371975 Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1974).svg
Fatagar state9th cent.15th cent.
Gidaya Islamic state9th cent.15th cent.
Hargaya Islamic state9th cent.15th cent.
Harla Kingdom Hubatkingdom5011500
Sultanate of Ifat Wafat, Zielasultanate12751403
Makhzumi dynasty Walalesultanate8961286
Medri Bahri Debarwakingdom11371879
Sultanate of Mogadishu Mogadishusultanate10th cent.16th cent. Muzzaffar (Mogadishu area) flag according to 1576 Portuguese map.svg
Moro Islamic state9th cent.15th cent.
Kingdom of Simien kingdom3501625
Tunni Sultanate Baraeasultanate9th cent.13th cent.
Zagwe dynasty Lalibelakingdom9601270

Sudan

NameCapitalState typeExistedFlag
Al-Abwab Kingdom13th century–15th/16th century AD
Alodia SobaEmpire680–1504 ADPossible Flag of the Kingdom of Alodia (c. 1350).svg
Beja kingdoms Tribal Kingdoms7th–16th century
Blemmyes Tribal Kingdom600 BC–8th century AD
Daju kingdom DajuKingdom12th century–15th century AD
Kingdom of Fazughli Kingdom1500–1685 AD
Makuria DongolaKingdom340–1312 ADThe flag of the 'Kingdom of Dongola' (Makuria) in the "Book of all kingdoms" (C. 1350).svg
Nobatia PachorasKingdom350–650 AD
Shilluk FashodaKingdom1490–1865 AD
Tunjur kingdom UriKingdom1400s–1650s AD

Sahel/West Africa

NameCapitalState typeExistedFlag
Sultanate of Agadez AgadezSultanate1404–1906 AD
Kingdom of Ardra AlladhKingdom12th/13th century–1724 AD
Benin Empire Benin CityEmpire1440–1897 AD
Bornu Empire NgazargamuEmpire1380–1893 ADBornu flag.tif
Denkyira Dunkwa-on-OffinKingdom1500–1701 AD
Gao GaoEmpire9th century–1430 AD
Ghana Empire Koumbi SalehEmpire400–1235 AD
Great Fulo Anyam-GodoEmpire1490–1776 AD
Guinala BrucoKingdom14th–19th century
Gyaaman SampaState1450-1895
Hausa Kingdoms VariousCity-state kingdoms9th century–1808 AD
Ife Empire Ile-IfẹEmpire1200–1410 AD
Isedo IsedoKingdom1300–17th century
Jolof LinguereEmpire1350–1549 AD
Igodomigodo UbinuKingdom40 BC –1100 AD
Kaabu KansalaEmpire1537–1867 AD
Kanem Empire NjimiEmpire700–1387 AD Kanem flag from dulcerta 1339-pt.svg
Mali Niani, KangabaEmpire1230–1670 AD
Nri Igbo-UkwuKingdom948–1911 AD
Oron Nation OronKingdom1200-1908 AD
Oyo Empire Oyo-IleKingdom1400–1905 AD
Songhai Empire GaoEmpire1464–1591 AD
Sosso Empire SossoEmpire1076–1235 AD
Takedda TakeddaKingdom1200–1600
Takrur Tumbere Jiinge, Taaga, HoorewenduKingdom500s–1456

Bantu States

NameCapitalState typeExistedFlag
Angoche Angoche, MomaKingdom1485–1910 AD
Ankole MbararaKingdom1478-1967 AD
Kingdom of Butua KhamiKingdom1450–1683 AD
Kasanze Kingdom Kingdom1500–1648 AD
Kilwa Sultanate KilwaSultanate957–1513 AD Flag used in the east coast of Tanzania according to a Portuguese 1576 map.svg
Kongo São SalvadorKingdom/client1390–1914 ADFlag of the Kingdom of Kongo according to Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo.svg
Kongo dia Nlaza Confederation of kingdoms14th–15th century
Mapungubwe Not specifiedKingdom1075–1220 AD
Mutapa ZvongombeKingdom1430–1760 AD Coat of arms granted in 1569 by the King of Portugal to Monomatapa.svg
Swahili city-states City-states9th–18th century
Kingdom of Zimbabwe Great ZimbabweKingdom1220–1450 AD Zimbabwe Bird of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe.svg

Americas

These are prehistoric states, listed either based on archaeological evidence or based on their existence at the time of European contact.

NameCapitalState typeExistedFlag
Chiefdom of Ameca AmecaChiefdom1325–1522 AD
Aymara kingdoms VariousKingdoms1151–1477 AD
Azcapotzalco AzcapotzalcoKingdom995–1428 AD
Aztec Empire TenochtitlanEmpire1428–1521 AD Aztec Triple Alliance.png
Cañari TumebambaTribal Confederacy500–1533 AD
Chachapoya Tribal Confederacy800–1470 AD
Chalco variousKingdom13th century – 1521 Chalco Glyph ZP.svg
Chimor Chan ChanKingdom900–1470 AD
Cocollán CocollanChiefdom1100–1521 AD Cocollan.jpg
Chincha Kingdom Kingdom900–1450 AD
Colhuacan ColhuacanCity-state717–1521 AD
Kingdom of Cusco CuscoKingdom1200–1438 AD
Ichma Kingdom PachacamacKingdom1100–1469 AD
Inca Empire CuscoEmpire1438–1533/72 AD
Iroquois OnondagaTribal Confederacy1450–1660 AD
Maya VariousKingdom City States2000 BC–900AD
Mississippian culture various800–1600 AD
Moche Moche-Trujillo.United Independent Polities100–800 AD
Nazca VariousTribal chiefdoms100 BC–800 AD
Tsenacommacah WerowocomocoTribal Confederacy16th century–1677 AD
Pueblo VariousTribal chiefdoms12th century BC–14th century AD
Purépecha Empire TzintzuntzanEmpire1300–1530 AD Glifo Michhuahcan.png
Quilmes QuilmesChiefdom850–1500 AD
Teotihuacan Empire TeotihuacanEmpire100 BC–8th century AD
Tiwanakun EmpireTiwanakuEmpire300–1000 AD
Tlatelolco TiwanakuEmpire1337–1473 AD Tlatelolco glyph.svg
Tlaxcala TlaxcalaConfederacy1348–1520 AD Vexilloids de Tlaxcala.png
Toltec Empire TulaEmpire674–1122 AD
Veracruz El Tajíncity-states1200–1438 AD
Xochimilco XochimilcoKingdom900–1521 AD
Wari Empire HuariEmpire500–1100 AD
Zapotec Kingdom City States700 BC–1521 AD
Muisca Confederation Hunza and BacatáTribal Confederacy~1450–1540 AD
Tairona VariousTribal chiefdoms2nd century BC–16th century AD

See also

References