| Name | Discipline(s) [a] | Description | Size [b] | Created [c] | Provider(s) |
|---|
| AIJR Preprints | Multidisciplinary | AIJR Preprints is an open-access Indian preprint repository which is indexed in Europe PMC [2] and listed in OpenDOAR [3] | >100 | 2020 | AIJR Publisher |
| AAS Open Research | Multidisciplinary | At least one of the authors must be affiliated with the African Academy of Sciences | >100 | 2018 | African Academy of Sciences & F1000 Research Ltd |
| AMRC Open Research | Medicine | At least one of the authors must be affiliated with AMRC member charities | <100 | 2019 | Association of Medical Research Charities & F1000 Research Ltd |
| agriRxiv | Agriculture | Global preprint service for agriculture and allied sciences | >100 | 2017 | Open Access India & CAB International |
| APSA Preprints | Political science | Early research outputs in political science and related disciplines | >100 | 2019 | American Political Science Association & Cambridge University Press |
| mp_arc | Mathematical physics | Main focus: mathematics, physics | >10,000 | 1991–2023 | University of Texas at Austin, Università Roma Tre, Universitat de Barcelona |
| arXiv [4] | Multidisciplinary | Main focus: mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics, quantitative finance and economics | >1,000,000 [5] | 1991 | Cornell University |
| AfricArXiv [6] | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in Africa | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| Arabixiv | Multidisciplinary | Arabic Preprint Server | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| ARPHA Preprints | Multidisciplinary | The submission systems limited to the participating ARPHA journals | <100 | 2020 | Pensoft Publishers |
| Authorea [7] | Multidisciplinary | A collaborative writing platform that can be used as preprint server | >10,000 | 2013 | Atypon |
| Beilstein Archives | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for Beilstein journals | >100 | 2019 | Beilstein Institut |
| BioHackrXiv | Life Sciences | Preprint server to report on works done during BioHackathons, CodeFests, Sprints or similar events | <100 [8] | 2020 | Center for Open Science |
| bioRxiv [9] | Biology | Open access preprint repository for the biological sciences | >100,000 [10] | 2013 | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| BodoArXiv | Medieval Studies | Open Repository for Medieval Studies | <100 | 2019 | ScholarlyHub & Center for Open Science |
| Cell Sneak Peek | Biology | Manuscript under review in Cell Press journals | >1,000 | 2018 | Elsevier |
| ChemRxiv [11] | Chemistry | Open access preprint archive for chemistry | >10,000 | 2017 | American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry & German Chemical Society |
| ChinaXiv | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in China | >10,000 | 2016 | National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| CogPrints | Multidisciplinary | Psychology, Neuroscience, Linguistics, Computer Science, Philosophy, and Biology | >1,000 | 1997–2017 | University of Southampton |
| CrimRxiv | Criminology | Criminology's open archive | >100 | 2020 | University of Manchester |
| Cryptology ePrint Archive | Cryptography | Open access preprint archive for cryptography | >1,000 | 1996 | International Association for Cryptologic Research |
| EarthArXiv [12] | Earth science | All subdomains of Earth Science and related domains of planetary science | >1,000 | 2017 | California Digital Library |
| EcoEvoRxiv | Ecology | A free preprint service for ecology, evolution and conservation | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| EconStor | Economics and Business Studies | A subject based repository with a high share of working papers (preprints) | >100,000 | 2009 | ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics |
| ECSarXiv | Electrochemistry | A free preprint service for electrochemistry and solid state science and technology | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| EdArXiv | Education | A Preprint Server For The Education Research Community | >100 | 2019 | Center for Open Science |
| engrXiv [13] | Engineering | Open archive of engineering preprints | >1,000 | 2016 | Open Engineering Inc |
| ESSOAr | Earth science | Earth and space science preprints and conference posters | >1,000 | 2018 | American Geophysical Union, Atypon, & Wiley |
| Eyexiv | Vision science | The Eye Open Repository, Preprints for ophthalmology, optometry, and vision science | >100 | 2022 | International Virtual Ophthalmic Research Center |
| E-LIS | Library science | Eprints in Library and Information Science | >10,000 | 2003 | E-LIS Governance & CIEPI |
| F1000 Research | Life Sciences | Preprint server with integrated option of peer review by invited experts, suggested by the authors, done openly after publication | >1,000 | 2012 | F1000 Research Ltd |
| figshare | Multidisciplinary | Open content repository | unknown | 2011 | Springer Nature |
| FocUS Archive | Ultrasound research | A free preprint service for the focused ultrasound research community | <100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| Frenxiv | Multidisciplinary | French server for preprints. Closed. | >100 | 2018–2022 | Center for Open Science |
| Gates Open Research | Multidisciplinary | A platform for rapid author-led publication and open peer review of research funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | >100 | 2017 | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |
| HAL [14] | Multidisciplinary | Open archive for scholarly documents from all academic fields | >1,000,000 | 2001 | Centre pour la communication scientifique directe |
| HRB Open Research | Medicine | A preprint platform for HRB-funded researchers | >100 | 2018 | Health Research Board & F1000 Research Ltd. |
| hprints | Arts and humanities | Nordic Arts and Humanities and Social Sciences Open Access repository | >100 | 2008 | French National Centre for Scientific Research & Nordbib |
| INArxiv | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in Indonesia | >10,000 | 2017–2020 [15] | Center for Open Science |
| IndiaRxiv | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in India | >100 | 2019 | Open Access India, Center for Open Science & Society for Promotion of Horticulture |
| Jxiv | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server in Japan [16] | >100 | 2022 | Japan Science and Technology Agency |
| JMIR Preprints | Medicine | Preprint server by publisher JMIR Publications mainly for open review of JMIR submissions | >100 [17] | 2009 [18] | JMIR Publications |
| LatArXiv Preprints | Multidisciplinary | Preprint repository focused on early dissemination and citation of research primarily in the Latin American context. | >100 | 2024 [19] | Paideia Publishing Services |
| LawArXiv | Law | Archive for legal research | >1,000 | 2017–2020 | Center for Open Science |
| LISSA | Library science | Library and Information Sciences Scholarship Archive | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| LingBuzz | Linguistics | Preprint server for linguistics, covering phonology, semantics, syntax, morphology, and diachronic linguistics | >10,000 | 2004(?) | University of Tromsø |
| MarXiv | Marine science | Repository for ocean and marine-climate science. Closed. | >100 | 2017–2020 | Center for Open Science |
| MediArXiv | Communication sciences | Preprints for media, film, and communication research | >100 | 2019 | Center for Open Science |
| medRxiv [20] | Medicine | Open access preprint archive for medicine | >10,000 [21] | 2019 | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| MetaArXiv | Multidisciplinary | Focused on improving research transparency and reproducibility | >100 [22] | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| MindRxiv | Multidisciplinary | Preprints on mind and contemplative practices | >100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| Nature Precedings | Multidisciplinary | Preprint repository of scholarly work in the fields of biomedical sciences, chemistry, and earth sciences | >1,000 | 2007–2012 | Nature Publishing Group |
| NutriXiv | Nutritional sciences | Preprint service for the nutritional sciences | <100 | 2018 | Center for Open Science |
| Optimization Online | Mathematics | Eprint repository for optimization topics | >10,000 | 2000 | Mathematical Optimization Society & Wisconsin institute |
| OSF Preprints | Multidisciplinary | Aggregates over 30 preprint servers (all from COS plus other like arXiv, bioRxiv, etc.). Number of native OSF Preprints documents: 25,114. | >1,000,000 | 2017 | Center for Open Science |
| PaleorXiv [23] | Paleontology | Preprint server for paleontology | >100 | 2017 | Center for Open Science |
| PeerJ PrePrints [24] | Biology, medicine | Initially, developed as preprint server for PeerJ submissions. Closed Sep 30th 2019. | >1,000 | 2013–2019 | O'Reilly Media & SAGE Publishing |
| PhilArchive | Philosophy | A preprint archive for philosophy affiliated with PhilPapers | >10,000 | 2009 | PhilPapers Foundation |
| PhilSci-Archive | Philosophy of science | An archive for preprints in philosophy of science | >10,000 | 2001 | D-Scribe Digital Publishing |
| Preprints with The Lancet | Medicine | Preprints available via SSRN | >1,000 | 2018 | Elsevier |
| Preprints.org | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research governed by MDPI | >10,000 [25] | 2016 | MDPI |
| Preprints.ru | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in Russia | >100 | 2019 | NEICON |
| PsyArXiv [26] | Psychology | Open access preprint archive for psychology | >10,000 [27] | 2016 | Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science |
| Qeios [28] | Multidisciplinary | Open access, open peer review scientific publishing platform | >1000 | 2019 | Qeios |
| RePEc | Economics | Research in economics | >1,000,000 | 1997 | Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis |
| Research Square | Multidisciplinary | Preprint server plus editing (commercial) | >100,000 [29] | 2018 | Research Square R&D LLC |
| Rutgers Optimality Archive | Linguistics | A distribution point for research in Optimality Theory and its conceptual affiliates | >1,000 | 1993 | School of Arts and Sciences at Rutgers University |
| SciELO Preprints | Multidisciplinary | Interdisciplinary research for Latin America, Iberian Peninsula, South Africa | >10,000 | 2020 | SciELO |
| ScienceOpen | Multidisciplinary | A research and discovery network allowing scholars with at least 5 publications to freely review preprints. | >1,000,000 | 2013 | ScienceOpen |
| SocArXiv | Social science | Open archive of the social sciences | >10,000 [30] | 2016 | Center for Open Science |
| SportRxiv | Sports science | Repository dedicated to sport and exercise related research | >100 | 2017 | Center for Open Science |
| SSRN (First Look) | Multidisciplinary | Aggregates over 30 preprint servers (Preprints with The Lancet , Cell Sneak Peek, etc.). More than 55 disciplines. Initially funded by SSRN in 1994, bought in 2016 by Elsevier. | >1,000,000 | 1994 | Elsevier |
| TechRxiv | Engineering | Preprints in Technology Research | >1,000 | 2020 | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| ViXra [31] | Multidisciplinary | Mainly physics and mathematics, but also other. An alternative to arXiv. Well-known for also having many unorthodox papers and also fringe science. | >10,000 | 2009 | Scientific God Inc. |
| Wellcome Open Research | Multidisciplinary | At least one of the authors must be a Wellcome researcher | >100 | 2017 | Wellcome Trust |
| WikiJournal Preprints | Multidisciplinary | Preprint repository of scholarly work in a MediaWiki format | <100 | 2017 | WikiJournal User Group |
| Zenodo | Multidisciplinary | Preprint repository of scholarly work | >100,000 | 2011 | OpenAIRE / CERN |
| Synthical [32] | Multidisciplinary | Open access preprint repository for computer science, mathematics, economics, physics, cryptography, biology, and chemistry | >1,000,000 [33] | 2023 | Synthical |
