List of provinces of Balhae

Last updated

The Balhae (or Bohai) kingdom controlled the northern Korean Peninsula, the area from the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) to the Strait of Tartary, and the Liaodong Peninsula. Similar to the workings of the Chinese Tang dynasty, the administration system of the Balhae kingdom was composed of:

Contents

Table of provinces

Former State Province Capitals/Ancient namePrefectures level 속주(屬州)
Hanja Hangul RR, Pinyin Hanja Hangul RR, Pinyin Modern location
Sushen
숙신
肅愼
龍泉府용천부Yongcheon
Longquan
上京/龍州상경/용주Sanggyeong/Yongju
Shangjing/Longzhou
Ning'an (寧安市)
(Manchu: Ninguta 寧古塔)
  • 용주(龍州): the capital of the Bohai Kingdom. Having eight counties under its jurisdiction: 永寧、豐水、扶羅、長平、富利、佐慕、肅慎、永平. The seat was near present-day Ning'an.
  • 호주(湖州): Having one county under its jurisdiction: 長慶. Southwest of Ning'an County, northwest of Jingpo Lake
  • 발주(渤州). having one county under its jurisdiction: 貢珍. Its seat was located in the northeast of present-day Ning'an City, on the east bank of the Mudan River, or in the northwest of present-day Linkou County.
Sushen
숙신
肅愼
顯德府현덕부Hyundeok
Xiande
中京/顯州중경/현주Junggyeong/Hyeonju
Zhongjing/Xianzhou
Helong/Dunhua
(和龍市/敦化市)
Yemaek
예맥
濊貊
龍原府용원부Yongwon
Longyuan
東京/慶州동경/경주Donggyeong/Gyeongju
Dongjing/Qingzhou
Hunchun
  • 경주(慶州) = Baliancheng (Hunchun). Having three counties under its jurisdiction: 龍原、永安 (now Ying'an Town, Hunchun)、壁谷 (now in Chunhua Town, Hunchun)
  • 염주(鹽州) = Zarubino. The seat was in 龍河縣 (now Kraskino). Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 海陽、接海、格川、龍河.
  • 목주(穆州): The seat was in 會農縣 (now Ryongbung-lodongjagu, Kyongwon County, North Korea)
    하주(賀州): Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 洪賀、送誠、吉理、石山
Okjeo
옥저
沃沮
南海府남해부Namhae
Nanhai
南京/沃州남경/옥주Namgyeong/Okju
Nanjing/Wozhou
Hamheung
  • 옥주(沃州): Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 沃沮、鷲岩、龍山、濱海、昇平、靈泉. The seat was in 沃沮縣 (today Hamhung, North Korea. Another theory is that it is located in Namsansŏng (南山城), Kyongsong County and Pukchong County.
  • 정주(睛州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction: 天睛、神陽、蓮池、狼山、仙岩. The seat was in 天睛縣 (today Kujin (구진/舊津) northwest of Hamhung).
  • 초주(椒州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction:椒山、貂嶺、澌泉、尖山、岩淵. The seat was in 東山城裡, Maengsan County)
Goguryeo
고구려
高句麗
鴨綠府압록부Amnok
Yalü
西京/神州서경/신주Seogyeong/Sinju
Xijing/Shenzhou
Linjiang
  • 신주(神州): Having three counties under its jurisdiction:神鹿、神化、劍門. The seat was in 神鹿縣 (today Huludao Village (葫蘆套村), southwest of Linjiang City.)
  • 환주(桓州). The seat was in 桓都縣 (today Jian).
  • 풍주(豊州) = Today Hyesan and Changbai Korean Autonomous County. Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 安豐、渤恪、隰壤、硤石. The seat was in 安豐.
  • 정주(正州). The seat was in Fu'er River basin in Tonghua. Having one county under its jurisdiction: 東那縣.
Goguryeo
고구려
高句麗
長嶺府장령부Jangnyeong
Changling
瑕州하주Haju
Xiazhou
Jingyu
(靖宇县)
하주(瑕州)
하주(河州)
Buyeo
부여
夫餘
夫餘府부여부Buyeo
Fuyu
扶州부주Buju
Fuzhou
Kaiyuan 부주(扶州)· 선주(仙州)= Caoshi
Buyeo
부여
夫餘
鄚頡府막힐부Makhil
Moxie
鄚州막주Makju
Mozhou
Acheng
(阿城)
막주(鄚州)
고주(高州;鳥河郷)=Niǎohé
읍루
揖婁/우루부말갈
虞婁部靺鞨
定理府정리부Jeongni
Dingli
定州정주Jeongju/Dingzhou Partizansk 정주(定州)
반주(潘州)
읍루
揖婁/우루부말갈
虞婁部靺鞨
安邊府안변부Anbyeon
Anbian
安州안주Anju
Anzhou
Olga 안주(安州)
경주(瓊州)
솔빈
率賓
率賓府솔빈부Solbin
Shuaibin
華州화주Hwaju
Huazhou
Ussuriysk/Shuaibin화주(華州)
익주(益州)
건주(建州)=Tongning
불열
拂涅
東平府동평부Dongpyeong
Dongping
伊州이주Iju
Yizhou
Dangbi
(密山市/当壁鎮)
이주(伊州)
몽주(蒙州)
타주(沱州)=Troitskoye
흑주(黑州)
비주(比州)
철리
鐵利
鐵利府철리부Cheolli
Tieli
德理鎮덕리진Deongnijin/Delizhen Yilan
(依蘭郷)
광주(廣州)
분주(汾州)
포주(蒲州)
해주(海州)
귀주(歸州)
월희
越喜
懷遠府회원부Hoewon
Huaiyuan
達州달주Dalju Tongjiang
(同江市)
달주(達州)
월주(越州)
회주(懷州)
기주(紀州)
부주(富州)
미주(美州)
복주(福州)
사주(邪州)
지주(芝州)
월희
越喜
安遠府안원부Anyuan
Anwon
寧州영주Yeongju
Ningzhou
Dalnerechensk 영주(寧州)
미주(郿州)=Spassk-Dalny
모주(慕州)
상주(常州)

Former Balhae provinces

Administrative map of Balhae Balhae Kingdom.png
Administrative map of Balhae

Manzhou Yuanliu Kao provides records which show that the Balhae had occupied the Bisa Fortress at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. The History of Liao records that the Balhae established provinces at the Sin Fortress, Gaemo Fortress, Baegam Fortress, Yodong Fortress and Ansi Fortress area in Liaodong, as well as a substantial portion of the Liaoxi area. The Balhae sovereign's message to Yamato Kingdom in 796 states that it has recovered the entire old Goguryeo territory and its ruler's authority now shines beyond the Liao River. The Balhae came to occupy the Songhua and Wusuli River basins as well as the whole adjoining coastal zone along the Sea of Japan (East Sea).

Correspondence

See also

Related Research Articles

Korea's provinces have been the primary administrative division of Korea since the mid Goryeo (Koryo) dynasty in the early 11th century, and were preceded by provincial-level divisions dating back to Unified Silla and Balhae during the Northern and Southern States period, in the 7th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goguryeo</span> Ancient Korean kingdom (c.37 BC–AD 668)

Goguryeo also later known as Goryeo, was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of modern day Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most of the Korean Peninsula, large parts of Manchuria and parts of eastern Mongolia and Inner Mongolia as well as Russia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balhae</span> Ancient kingdom in Asia (698–926)

Balhae, also rendered as Bohai, was a multi-ethnic kingdom established in 698 by Dae Joyeong and originally known as the Kingdom of Jin until 713 when its name was changed to Balhae. At its greatest extent it corresponded to what is today Northeast China, the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and the southeastern Russian Far East.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goryeo</span> Korean dynasty (918–1392)

Goryeo was a Korean state founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unification" by Korean historians as it not only unified the Later Three Kingdoms but also incorporated much of the ruling class of the northern kingdom of Balhae, who had origins in Goguryeo of the earlier Three Kingdoms of Korea. The name "Korea" is derived from the name of Goryeo, also romanized as Koryŏ, which was first used in the early 5th century by Goguryeo. According to Korean historians, it was during the Goryeo period that the individual identities of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla were successfully merged into a single entity that became the basis of the modern-day Korean identity. Goryeo was the successor state to Later Goguryeo and Goguryeo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Three Kingdoms of Korea</span> Ancient kingdoms of pre-unified Korea

The Three Kingdoms of Korea or Samhan competed for hegemony over the Korean Peninsula during the ancient period of Korean history. During the Three Kingdoms period, many states and statelets consolidated until, after Buyeo was annexed in 494 and Gaya was annexed in 562, only three remained on the Korean Peninsula: Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. The "Korean Three Kingdoms" contributed to what would become Korea; and the Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla peoples became what we know as the Korean people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Gyeongsang Province</span> Province of South Korea

South Gyeongsang Province is a province in the southeast of South Korea. The provincial capital is at Changwon. It is adjacent to the major metropolitan center and port of Busan. The UNESCO World Heritage Site Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple that houses the Tripitaka Koreana and tourist attraction, is located in this province. Automobile and petrochemical factories are largely concentrated along the southern part of the province, extending from Ulsan through Busan, Changwon, and Jinju.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeolla Province</span> Historical province of Korea

Jeolla Province was one of the historical Eight Provinces of Korea during the Kingdom of Joseon in southwestern Korea. It consisted of the modern South Korean provinces of North Jeolla, South Jeolla and Gwangju Metropolitan City as well as Jeju Province. The provincial capital was Jeonju, the current capital of North Jeolla. The entire inland region was called Honam, which is still commonly used today.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eight Provinces of Korea</span> Divisions of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty

During most of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea was divided into eight provinces. The eight provinces' boundaries remained unchanged for about 480 years from 1413 to 1895, and formed a geographic paradigm that is still reflected today in the Korean Peninsula's administrative divisions, dialects, and regional distinctions. The names of all eight provinces are still preserved today, in one form or another. These eight historical provinces form both North and South Korea, and are not to be confused with the provinces that make up South Korea or North Korea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liaodong Peninsula</span> Peninsula in Liaoning, China

The Liaodong or Liaotung Peninsula is a peninsula in southern Liaoning province in Northeast China, and makes up the southwestern coastal half of the Liaodong region. It is located between the mouths of the Daliao River in the west and the Yalu River in the east, and encompasses the territories of the whole sub-provincial city of Dalian and parts of prefectural cities of Yingkou, Anshan and Dandong.

The Protectorate-General to Pacify the East was an administrative division of the Chinese Tang dynasty in Manchuria and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. It was established after the Tang dynasty defeated Goguryeo and annexed its territories. In the place of Baekje and Goguryeo, the Tang dynasty created the Protectorate General to Pacify the East and the Ungjin Commandery. A proposal to set up the Great Commandery of Gyerim by the Emperor Gaozong of Tang to King Munmu of Silla was refused.

Seongjong of Goryeo (r. 981–997) was the sixth ruler of the medieval Korean kingdom of Goryeo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cheolli Jangseong</span> 11th-century defense structure built during the Goryeo dynasty in present-day North Korea

The Cheolli Jangseong or Great Wall of Korea may refer to either of two massive fortifications built between medieval Korea and the Chinese to the west and other tribes to the north. The first is a 7th-century network of military garrisons built by Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. These are now located in Northeast China. The second is an 11th-century wall built by Korea's Goryeo dynasty, now located in North Korea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hejiang Province</span>

Hokiang, was a province in Northeast China, which was established in 1945. It was c.52,300 sq mi (135,500 km²) in size and the provincial capital was Jiamusi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military history of Goguryeo</span> History of Goguryeos involvement in wars

The military history of Goguryeo involves wars with other Korean kingdoms, Chinese dynasties, nomadic states and tribes, and Wa Japan. Goguryeo was a highly militaristic state; it was a powerful empire and one of the great powers in East Asia, until it was defeated by a Silla–Tang alliance in 668 after prolonged exhaustion and internal strife caused by the death of Yeon Gaesomun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mishan</span> County-level city in Heilongjiang, Peoples Republic of China

Mishan is a county-level city in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, China, bordering Russia's Primorsky Krai to the south and southeast. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jixi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tongjiang, Heilongjiang</span> County-level city in Heilongjiang, Peoples Republic of China

Tongjiang is a city of 160,000 in eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located at the confluence and on the right banks of the Songhua and Amur Rivers, the latter which marks the border with Russia. Administratively, it is a county-level city of Jiamusi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hwando</span> UNESCO World Heritage Site in Jilin, China

Hwando is a mountain fortress of the ancient Korean kingdom of Goguryeo, built to protect Goguryeo's second capital, Gungnae. It is located in present-day Ji'an city of the province of Jilin, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Sino–Korean relations</span> Aspect of history

The history of Sino-Korean relations dates back to prehistoric times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yanzhou Village</span>

Yanzhou Village is a small settlement in Dengta Prefecture of Liaoyang Prefecture in Liaoning Province in China. The village is the site of the ancient Goguryeo city of Baegam in Korea or Baiyan City in Chinese. The ancient city was the scene a major battle between the Tang dynasty Chinese emperor Taizong and the Goguryeo in 645 AD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military of the Goryeo Dynasty</span>

The Military of the Goryeo Dynasty was the primary military force of the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Later Three Kingdoms Period, Wang Geom overthrew the Taebong ruler, Gung Ye, and renamed it Goryeo after the Goguryeo Dynasty. He led the kingdom's armies and navies against Silla and Later Baekje and unified the peninsula. Goryeo was able to mobilize sizable military might during times of war.