List of terrorist incidents in 1975

Last updated

This is a timeline of incidents in 1975 that have been labelled as "terrorism" and are not believed to have been carried out by a government or its forces (see state terrorism and state-sponsored terrorism).

Contents

Guidelines

  0 people were killed/injured by the incident.
  1–19 people were killed/injured by the incident.
  20–49 people were killed/injured by the incident.
  50–99 people were killed/injured by the incident.
  100+ people were killed/injured by the incident.

List

DateTypeDeadInjuredLocationDetailsPerpetratorPart of
January 13, 19 RPG attacks, shooting, hostage-taking 023 Paris, France El Al aircraft at Paris-Orly Airport, were subject to attempted RPG attacks by Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) terrorists led by Carlos the Jackal. While the intended attacks failed, collateral damage was suffered, and the second attack resulted in gunfighting and a seventeen-hour hostage situation. [1] [2] PFLP Israeli–Palestinian conflict
January 19 Shooting 012London, United KingdomThe IRA fired shots into the Carlton Tower Hotel and later the Portman Hotel. 12 people were injured from both attacks. [3] [4] Provisional IRA's Balcombe Street Gang
PIRA
The Troubles
January 23 Bombing 03London, United KingdomA bomb planted at a pumping station injured three people. [3] Provisional IRA's Balcombe Street Gang
PIRA
The Troubles
January 24 Bombing 453New York City, United StatesAt 1:29 p.m., a bomb explodes at the historic Fraunces Tavern at the corner of Pearl and Broad streets in the Financial District, Manhattan. The Puerto Rican nationalist group Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN) claimed responsibility in message found in a nearby telephone booth. Four people were killed (three of them immediately and a fourth at a hospital) and 53 others were injured. [5] [6] FALN
January 28Bombings00 Washington, D.C. and Oakland, California, United StatesA bomb explodes at the Vietnam section of the U.S. Agency for International Development in Washington, D.C. A second bomb was planted at the Department of Defense Supply Agency building in Oakland, California, but fails to detonate. The extremist Weather Underground group was responsible for both attacks. [7] [8] Weather Underground
January 31Kidnapping01 Cali, Colombia FARC guerrillas kidnap Dutch consul Erick Leupin. [9] FARC Colombian Conflict
February 26 Shooting 10London, United Kingdom Police Constable Stephen Tibble, 22, of the London Metropolitan Police Service, was fatally shot three times at point-blank range by Liam Quinn, a Provisional Irish Republican Army gunman escaping from an IRA bomb factory in Baron's Court, West London. Quinn fled to San Francisco and was extradited to face trial in Britain 13 years later. Sentenced to life with a recommended minimum sentence of 30 years in 1988, Quinn was freed in April 1999 under the Good Friday Agreement. [10] Liam Quinn
PIRA
The Troubles
March 1Bombing2660 Nairobi, Kenya An explosion aboard a NairobiMombasa regular route bus kills 26 and injures another 60. [11] The Kenyan People Liberation Front claimed responsibility for the blast [cite?].Kenyan People Liberation Front
March 2Bombings00 Toulouse and Lyon, France Air Algérie's offices were bombed by the Charles Martel Group. No one was killed or injured in either attack. [12] Charles Martel Group
March 3 Plot 00NetherlandsTwo Moluccans were arrested after weapons were found to be hidden in their car during traffic stop. It was later discovered that they had intended to kidnap Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.Moluccan freedom fighters
March 4–5 Shooting, hostage-taking 11 (+7) Tel Aviv, IsraelIn the Savoy Operation, Palestine Liberation Organization gunmen from Lebanon take dozens of hostages at the Savoy Hotel, eventually killing eight hostages and three IDF soldiers, and wounding eleven hostages. [13] PLO Israeli–Palestinian conflict
April 10Attack2Unknown Caquetá, Colombia Nearly 50 guerrillas assault the town of Puerto Rico. Two policemen die. [14] FARC Colombian conflict
April 19Bombing05+New York City, United States FALN sets off four bombs within a forty-minute period in Manhattan, injuring at least five people. FALN
April 24 Hostage-taking 2 (+2)10 (+4) Stockholm, Sweden West German embassy siege: Six Red Army Faction (Baader-Meinhof) terrorists hold 11 people (including the German ambassador) hostage for almost 12 hours in the West German embassy. During the siege, two of the hostages (military attaché Colonel Andreas von Mirbach and economics attaché Heinz Hallagaart) were killed by faction members. Shortly before midnight, dynamite exploded and set the building on fire. The ambassador and the other nine hostages escaped from the embassy, mostly with only light injuries. [15] Red Army Faction
April 28Hostage-taking, siege, shooting482 Johannesburg, South Africa 1975 Fox Street siege was instigated by David Protter, a South African Jew, who seized about 20–30 hostages at the Israeli Consulate General where he worked as a security officer. After killing two consulate employees Protter opened fire on pedestrians and motorists in Fox and Von Brandis Streets, killing 2 and wounding 82. He surrendered to police early the next morning (29 April).David Protter
May 28Shooting, Clash0 (+2)1 (+3) Tucumán, Argentina Part of Operativo Independencia: An armed confrontation between members of the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP) and the Argentine Army in Manchalá, near Rio Colorado. ERP Dirty War
June 1 Hostage-taking 3 (+4) Kfar Yuval, Israel Kfar Yuval hostage crisis Arab Liberation Front Israeli–Palestinian conflict
June 22Shooting, bombing120 Zerok, AfghanistanHN launched an assault against the pro-Daoud governor in Paktika province. [16] Haqqani Network
July 4 Bombing 1577 Jerusalem A bomb detonates in Zion Square killing 13 people and wounding 72. [17] The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs states the death toll at 14 with 80 injured. [18] PLO Israeli–Palestinian conflict
July 14 – AugustShooting21SpainA FRAP command kills a member of the Armed Police. Shortly afterwards another police officer is seriously injured and in August members of the FRAP assassinate a lieutenant of the Civil Guard. [19] FRAP
July 26Shooting10Unknown Boyacá, Colombia Members of the FARC attack a column of civilians at Guaduas Negras in Otanche that was preparing to rescue the corpse of a farmer accused of being an informant in the Army. Ten civilians die. [20] FARC Colombian conflict
July 31 Shooting, bombing 3 (+2)2 County Down, United KingdomMembers of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) attempt to plant a bomb on the tourbus of popular Irish band Miami Showband at a bogus military checkpoint. The bomb exploded prematurely and killed two UVF members. Other UVF members then opened fire killing three band members and injuring two others. Ulster Volunteer Force The Troubles
August 5 Hostage-taking 00 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Five Japanese Red Army members took 53 hostages at the American Insurance Association. The siege ended after five other JRA members were released from prison. Japanese Red Army
August 12 Shooting, bombing 550+ Belfast, United KingdomMembers of the Provisional IRA open fire and bomb a bar that was frequented by Ulster Volunteer Force members. 1 UVF member and four civilians were killed. PIRA The Troubles
August 26Shooting, Assassination10 Córdoba, Argentina A Montoneros member, Fernando Haymal, was shot dead for giving information to the Córdoba Provincial Police after being arrested. According to Montoneros he was guilty of the charges of "traitor and delator". [21] Montoneros Dirty War
August 27 Bombing 033 Caterham, United KingdomBombing of the Caterham Arms public house by the Provisional IRA. PIRA The Troubles
August 28 Bombing 629 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina Operation Gardel was the key name given by the Montoneros to the bombing of a Lockheed C-130 Hercules of Group 1 of Transport of the First Air Brigade during takeoff at the International Airport Lieutenant General Benjamín Matienzo, carrying 114 gendarmes, killing six and wounding 29. [22] Montoneros Dirty War
September 1 Shooting 57 County Armagh, United KingdomFive Protestant civilians were killed and seven were wounded in a gun attack on Tullyvallen Orange Hall near Newtownhamilton. [23] One of the Orangemen was an off-duty RUC officer, who returned fire. [24] The attack was claimed by the South Armagh Republican Action Force (SARAF), which claimed it was retaliation for "the assassinations of fellow Catholics in Belfast". [25] PIRA The Troubles
September 5 London Hilton bombing 263London, United KingdomA bomb exploded at the Hilton Hotel. Two people were killed and 63 were injured. Scotland Yard received a warning a few minutes before the blast, but was unable to get the building evacuated in time. [26] [27] [28] Provisional IRA's Balcombe Street Gang
PIRA
The Troubles
September 5 Assassination attempt 00 Sacramento, United StatesFormer Manson Family member Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme attempts to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford due to his failure to protect ATWA. Her gun failed to fire and she was arrested. Lynette Fromme
September 8Assassination10 Colombia The ELN kills the Inspector General of the Armed Forces General Ramón Arturo Rincón Quiñónez. ELN Colombian conflict
September 22 Assassination attempt 01San Francisco, United States Sarah Jane Moore tries to assassinate President Gerald Ford. The attempt fails when a bystander grabs her arm and deflects the shot. Moore stated the motive was to create chaos to bring "the winds of change" because the U.S. government had declared war on the left. [29] [30] Sarah Jane Moore
October 2Shooting, Bombing11Northern Ireland, United KingdomThe Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) killed seven civilians in a series of attacks. Six were Catholics and one was a Protestant. Four UVF members were killed when the bomb they were transporting prematurely exploded as they drove along the Farrenlester road in Coleraine, County Londonderry. [31] UVF The Troubles
October 5Shooting, Attack17 (+15)30+ Formosa, Argentina A group of 50 guerrillas assaulted the Infantry Regiment of Monte 29, the Subofficers' Casino of that force and the Airport El Pucú. The event was called by its perpetrators as Operation Primicia. [32] Montoneros Dirty War
October 6 Attempted assassination 02Rome, ItalyAttempt to assassinate Bernardo Leighton by the Chilean secret police and National Vanguard. Leighton and his wife were seriously injured. National Vanguard
DINA
October 6Shooting, Clash1 (+12)1 (+Unknown) Acheral, Tucumán, Argentina At least one soldier and 12 ERP militants were shot dead in a confrontation of the so-called Operativo Independencia. [33] ERP Operativo Independencia
9 October Green Park Tube Station Bombing 120London, United KingdomThe IRA left a bomb at a bus stop just outside Green Park tube station. One person was killed and 20 were injured. [34] [35] Provisional IRA's Balcombe Street Gang
PIRA
The Troubles
23 October Bombing 10London, United KingdomThe IRA planted a booby-trap bomb under the car of Conservative MP Hugh Fraser. A passer-by noticed the bomb under the car, and by mistake detonated the device killing himself. [36] Provisional IRA's Balcombe Street Gang
PIRA
The Troubles
30 October Bombing 017London, United KingdomAn IRA unit exploded a bomb at the Trattoria Fiore in Mount Street W1 which injured 17 people.[ citation needed ] Provisional IRA's Balcombe Street Gang
PIRA
The Troubles
12 November Scott's (restaurant) bombing 115London, United KingdomOne person was killed and 15 others injured when the IRA without threw a bomb into a Mayfair restaurant on Mount Street. [37] Provisional IRA's Balcombe Street Gang
PIRA
The Troubles
November 18 Bombing 223London, United KingdomBombing of Walton's Restaurant in the Chelsea neighborhood by the Provisional IRA. PIRA The Troubles
November 22 Ambush 31 County Armagh, United KingdomMembers of the Provisional IRA attack British soldiers near the Northern IrelandRepublic of Ireland border, killing three and wounding one. PIRA The Troubles
November 27 Shooting, Assassination 10London, United KingdomA PIRA active service unit shot dead Guinness Book of Records founder Ross McWhirter at his home. [38] [39] [40] [41] Provisional IRA's Balcombe Street Gang
PIRA
The Troubles
December 2Shooting, Assassination20 Paraná, Argentina General Jorge Esteban Cáceres Monié and his wife Beatriz Isabel Sasiain were murdered by members of the guerrilla Montoneros (who called it "Operativo Cacerola") at approximately 19:00 hours on the way from Villa Urquiza to Paraná (province of Entre Ríos), when they were in their pickup truck rafting the Las Conchas stream. [42] Montoneros Dirty War
December 2–14 Hostage-taking 3 Wijster, NetherlandsSeven Moluccans hijack a train in hopes of forcing the Dutch government to recognize the Republic of South Maluku as an independent state. They kill three hostages before surrendering.Moluccan freedom fighters
December 4–19 Hostage crises 1 (indirect) Amsterdam, NetherlandsSeven Moluccans took hostages at the Indonesian Consulate. One hostage died while attempting to escape by climbing down a rope along the side of the building.Moluccan freedom fighters
December 6–12 Hostage-taking, siege 00London, United KingdomFour members of the Provisional IRA take two people hostage in a flat for six days before surrendering. PIRA The Troubles
December 19Bombing526Dundalk, Ireland, and Silverbridge, United KingdomThe loyalist paramilitary Red Hand Commando exploded a no-warning car bomb in Dundalk, killing two civilians and wounding twenty. Shortly after, the same group launched a gun and bomb attack across the border in Silverbridge. Two local Catholic civilians and an English civilian, married to a local woman, were killed in that attack, while six others were wounded. The attacks have been linked to the "Glenanne gang". [43] [44] RHC The Troubles
December 21–22 Hostage-taking, siege 3Austria Carlos the Jackal and his rebels attack OPEC headquarters in Vienna and take over 60 hostages – mostly they were OPEC countries' leaders. On December 22, the hostages and rebels are transported in a DC-9 to Algiers where 30 hostages were freed; the plane was then flown to Tripoli, Libya, where more hostages were freed before flying back to Algiers where the remaining hostages were freed and the rebels were granted asylum.Arm of the Arab Revolution
December 23Shooting1 Athens, GreeceU.S. Central Intelligence Agency Station Chief Richard Welch was shot dead outside his home by Marxist terrorist group Revolutionary Organization 17 November. Welch's murder led to the passage of the Intelligence Identities Protection Act of 1982, making it illegal to reveal the name of an agent who has a covert relationship with an American intelligence organization. Revolutionary Organization 17 November
December 23–24Shooting, Air Raid14–50 (92+)34 (+25) Buenos Aires, Argentina A failed assault on the Battalion Arsenals Depot 601 Domingo Viejobueno, in the town of Monte Chingolo, was the last great action of the People's Revolutionary Army. It aimed to appropriate 20 tons of weaponry. The attack was frustrated by the Argentine army, Federal Police and Police of the Province of Buenos Aires, and the Air Force. 30 guerrillas who surrendered were later shot dead by the army. [45] ERP Dirty War
December 29 Bombing 1175New York City, United States 1975 LaGuardia Airport bombing: At 6:30 p.m., an explosion occurs at the lower-level TWA and Delta Air Lines baggage claim area at the La Guardia Airport, in Queens, killing 11 and injuring more than 75. The blast set off a fire, which firefighters managed to suppress. The physical damage was estimated at $750,000. An investigation revealed that about 25 sticks (12.5 pounds) of dynamite were placed in a parcel locker between two luggage carousels. The crime remains unsolved today, although Croatian nationalists are believed to be the perpetrators. [46] Croatian nationalists (suspected)
31 December Central Bar bombing 330Gilford, United KingdomIrish National Liberation Army (INLA) members using the covername "Armagh People's Republican Army" killed 3 people in a bomb attack on a pub. INLA The Troubles

See also

Related Research Articles

The Troubles in Ardoyne lists incidents during the Troubles in the Ardoyne district of Belfast, Northern Ireland.

On Tuesday evening 18 November 1975 an Irish Republican Army (IRA) unit nicknamed the Balcombe Street Gang, without warning, threw a bomb into Walton's Restaurant in Walton Street, Knightsbridge, London, killing two people and injuring almost two dozen others.

The 1987 Rheindahlen bombing was a car bomb attack on 23 March 1987 at JHQ Rheindahlen military barracks, the British Army headquarters in West Germany, injuring thirty-one. The large 300 lb (140 kg) car bomb exploded near the visitors officers' mess of the barracks. The Provisional IRA later stated it had carried out the bombing. It was the second bombing in Rheindahlen, the first being in 1973, and the start of the IRA's campaign on mainland Europe from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. Although British soldiers were targeted, most of the injured were actually German officers and their wives.

The 1994 Heathrow mortar attacks were a series of homemade mortar bomb attacks targeted at Heathrow Airport carried out by the Provisional IRA. Over a five-day period, Heathrow was targeted three times by the IRA, which fired 12 mortar rounds. Heathrow was a symbolic target due to its importance to the United Kingdom's economy, and much disruption was caused when areas of the airport were closed over the period due to the IRA attacks. The gravity of the incident was heightened by the fact that Queen Elizabeth II was being flown back to Heathrow by the RAF on 10 March.

The Rose & Crown Bar bombing was a bomb attack carried out against a Catholic-owned pub in Belfast. The attack was carried out by the loyalist paramilitary group the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) just less than two weeks before the start of the Ulster Workers' Council strike of May 1974 which brought down the Sunningdale power sharing agreement and just 15 days before the UVF carried out the Dublin and Monaghan bombings which killed 34 and injured 300 people, the highest casualty rate in a single day during The Troubles in either Ireland or Britain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lichfield gun attack</span> 1990 Provisional IRA shooting

The Lichfield gun attack was an ambush carried out by the Provisional IRA (IRA) on 1 June 1990 against three off-duty British soldiers who were waiting at Lichfield City railway station in Staffordshire. The attack resulted in one soldier being killed and two others badly wounded.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bombings of Paddington and Victoria stations</span> 1991 IRA bombings of two London rail stations during The Troubles

On 18 February 1991 two Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) bombs exploded at London mainline stations, one at Victoria station and the other at Paddington station, killing one person and injuring 38 other people at Victoria station. It was the IRA's second major attack in London in February 1991 after the Downing Street mortar attack eleven days earlier which was an attempt to assassinate the British War cabinet and the British prime minister John Major. It was also the first IRA attack against a civilian target in England since the 1983 Harrods bombing, marking a strategic change in their bombing campaign in England.

On 25 and 27 November 1974 the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) placed several bombs in pillar boxes and one in a hedge behind a pillar box. This was a new tactic used by the IRA in England, although a similar tactic had been used in Northern Ireland during The Troubles several times previously. 40 people were wounded from five explosions in several districts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Lodge Six shooting</span> 1973 mass shooting in Belfast

In the late hours of 3 February and the early hours of 4 February 1973, six men, all of whom were Catholics, were shot and killed in the New Lodge area of north Belfast:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kesh ambush</span>

On 2 December 1984, a four-man Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) active service unit was ambushed by a British Army Special Air Service team while attempting to bomb a Royal Ulster Constabulary patrol who they had lured to Drumrush Lodge Restaurant. Two IRA volunteers and one SAS soldier were killed during the action.

The Central Bar bombing was a bomb attack on a pub in the town of Gilford near Portadown in County Down in Northern Ireland on 31 December 1975. The attack was carried out by members of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) using the covername "People's Republican Army". Three Protestant civilians were killed in the bombing.

The Official IRA's Belfast Brigade was founded in December 1969 after the Official IRA itself emerged in December 1969, shortly after the beginning of the Troubles, when the Irish Republican Army split into two factions. The other was the Provisional IRA. The "Officials" were Marxist-Leninists and worked to form a united front with other Irish communist groups, named the Irish National Liberation Front (NLF). The Brigade like the pre-split IRA brigade before the split had three battalions, one in West Belfast, one in North Belfast and the third in East Belfast. The Belfast Brigade was involved in most of the biggest early confrontations of the conflict like the Falls Curfew in 1970, the battles that followed after the introduction of Internment without trial in 1971 and Volunteers joined forces with the Provisional brigade to fight the British Army and UVF during the Battle at Springmartin in 1972. The first Commanding Officer (CO) of the brigade was veteran Billy McMillen who fought during the IRA Border Campaign. Shortly after the death of Official IRA Belfast "Staff Captain" Joe McCann in April 1972, the battalion structure of the brigade was done away with and command centralized under McMillen.

Roy Walsh is a former Provisional IRA volunteer. He was convicted for his part in the IRA's 1973 Old Bailey bombing which injured over 200 people and one person died from a heart attack due to the bombing.

The following is a timeline of actions during The Troubles which took place in the Republic of Ireland between 1969 and 1998. It includes Ulster Volunteer Force bombings such as the Dublin and Monaghan bombings in May 1974, and other Loyalist bombings carried out in the 1970s, 80s & 90s, the last of which was in 1997. These attacks killed dozens of people and injured hundreds more. Also actions carried out by Irish Republicans including bombings, prison escapes, kidnappings, and gun battles between the Gardaí (police) and the Irish Defence Forces against Republican gunmen from the Irish National Liberation Army, the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and a socialist-revolutionary group, Saor Éire. These attacks killed a number of civilians, police, soldiers, and Republican paramilitaries.

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