List of toucans

A collared aracari (Pteroglossus torquatus) in Costa Rica

Toucans are birds in the family Ramphastidae in the order Piciformes. There are currently 43 extant species of toucans recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union. ^[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically Endangered (0 species)
EN	Endangered (1 species)
VU	Vulnerable (0 species)
NT	Near threatened (5 species)
LC	Least concern (28 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the toucan’s range is provided. Ranges are based on the IOC World Bird List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population estimates are of the number of mature individuals and are taken from the IUCN Red List.

This list follows the taxonomic treatment (designation and order of species) and nomenclature (scientific and common names) of version 13.2 of the IOC World Bird List. ^[1] Where the taxonomy proposed by the IOC World Bird List conflicts with the taxonomy followed by the IUCN ^{[lower-alpha 1]} or the 2023 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, ^[3] the disagreement is noted next to the species's common name (for nomenclatural disagreements) or scientific name (for taxonomic disagreements).

Classification

The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) recognises 43 species of toucans in five genera. ^[1] This list does not include hybrid species, extinct prehistoric species, or putative species not yet accepted by the IOU.

Family Ramphastidae

• Genus Aulacorhynchus : eleven species
• Genus Pteroglossus : fourteen species
• Genus Selenidera : six species
• Genus Andigena : four species
• Genus Ramphastos : eight species

Toucans

Genus Aulacorhynchus – Gould, 1835 – 11 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Wagler's toucanet	A. wagleri [lower-alpha 2] (Sturm, J. H. C. F., & Sturm, J. W., 1841)	Southwestern Mexico	LC  Unknown [4]
Emerald toucanet	A. prasinus [lower-alpha 2] (Gould, 1833) Four subspecies A. p. warneri A. p. prasinus A. p. virescens A. p. volcanius	Eastern Mexico to Nicaragua	LC  Unknown [5]
Blue-throated toucanet	A. caeruleogularis [lower-alpha 2] Gould, 1853 Two subspecies A. c. caeruleogularis A. c. cognatus	Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia	LC  Unknown [6]
White-throated toucanet [lower-alpha 3]	A. albivitta [lower-alpha 4] (Boissonneau, 1840) Four subspecies A. a. lautus A. a. griseigularis A. a. phaeolaemus A. a. albivitta	Colombia, western Venezuela and eastern Ecuador	LC  Unknown [7]
Black-throated toucanet	A. atrogularis [lower-alpha 4] [lower-alpha 5] (Sturm, J. H. C. F. & Sturm, J. W., 1841) Four subspecies A. a. cyanolaemus A. a. dimidiatus A. a. atrogularis	Central Ecuador to western Bolivia	NE  Unknown
Groove-billed toucanet	A. sulcatus [lower-alpha 6] (Sturm, J. H. C. F. & Sturm, J. W., 1841) Three subspecies A. s. sulcatus A. s. erythrognathus A. s. calorhynchus	Northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela	NE  Unknown
Chestnut-tipped toucanet	A. derbianus Gould, 1835	Southeastern Colombia to central Bolivia	LC  Unknown [8]
Tepui toucanet	A. whitelianus Salvin & Godman, 1882 Three subspecies A. w. duidae A. w. whitelianus A. w. osgoodi	Southern Venezuela and southern Guyana	LC  Unknown [9]
Crimson-rumped toucanet	A. haematopygus (Gould, 1835) Two subspecies A. h. haematopygus A. h. sexnotatus	Western Venezuela to eastern Ecuador	LC  Unknown [10]
Yellow-browed toucanet	A. huallagae Carriker, 1933	Northern Peru	EN  600–1,500 [11]
Blue-banded toucanet	A. coeruleicinctis D'Orbigny, 1840	Central Peru to southeastern Bolivia	LC  Unknown [12]

Genus Pteroglossus – Illiger, 1811 – 14 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Green aracari	P. viridis (Linnaeus, 1766)	Northeastern Amazon rainforest	LC  Unknown [13]
Lettered aracari	P. inscriptus [lower-alpha 7] Swainson, 1822 Two subspecies P. i. inscriptus P. i. humboldti	Western and southern Amazon rainforest	NE  Unknown
Red-necked aracari	P. bitorquatus [lower-alpha 8] Vigors, 1826 Three subspecies P. b. sturmii P. b. reichenowi P. b. bitorquatus	Southern Amazon rainforest	NE  Unknown
Ivory-billed aracari	P. azara [lower-alpha 9] Vieillot, 1819 Two subspecies P. a. flavirostris P. a. azara	Northwestern Amazon rainforest	NE  Unknown
Brown-mandibled aracari	P. mariae [lower-alpha 9] Gould, 1854	Southwestern Amazon rainforest	NE  Unknown
Black-necked aracari	P. aracari (Linnaeus, 1758) Three subspecies P. a. atricollis P. a. aracari P. a. wiedii	Northeastern and eastern South America	LC  Unknown [14]
Chestnut-eared aracari	P. castanotis Gould, 1834 Two subspecies P. c. castanotis P. c. australis	Western Amazon rainforest to southeastern Brazil	LC  Unknown [15]
Many-banded aracari	P. pluricinctus Gould, 1835	Northwestern Amazon rainforest	LC  Unknown [16]
Collared aracari	P. torquatus [lower-alpha 10] (Gmelin, J. F., 1788) Three subspecies P. t. torquatus P. t. erythrozonus P. t. nuchalis	Mexico to Venezuela	LC  Unknown [17]
Stripe-billed aracari	P. sanguineus [lower-alpha 10] Gould, 1854	Western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador	LC  Unknown [18]
Pale-mandibled aracari	P. erythropygius [lower-alpha 10] Gould, 1843	Western Ecuador	LC  Unknown [19]
Fiery-billed aracari	P. frantzii Cabanis, 1861	Costa Rica and Panama	LC  50,000–499,999 [20]
Curl-crested aracari	P. beauharnaisii Wagler, 1831	Western Amazon rainforest	LC  Unknown [21]
Saffron toucanet	P. bailloni (Vieillot, 1819)	Southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina	NT  Unknown [22]

Genus Selenidera – Gould, 1837 – 6 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Yellow-eared toucanet	S. spectabilis Cassin, 1858	Honduras to southwestern Colombia	LC  50,000–499,999 [23]
Guianan toucanet	S. piperivora (Linnaeus, 1758)	Northeastern Amazon rainforest	LC  Unknown [24]
Golden-collared toucanet	S. reinwardtii [lower-alpha 11] (Wagler, 1827) Two subspecies S. r. reinwardtii S. r. langsdorffii	Western Amazon rainforest	NE  Unknown
Tawny-tufted toucanet	S. nattereri (Gould, 1835)	Northcentral Amazon rainforest	LC  Unknown [25]
Gould's toucanet	S. gouldii (Natterer, 1837)	Southern Amazon rainforest	LC  Unknown [26]
Spot-billed toucanet	S. maculirostris (Lichtenstein, M. H. C., 1823)	Southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina	LC  Unknown [27]

Genus Andigena – Gould, 1851 – 4 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Grey-breasted mountain toucan	A. hypoglauca (Gould, 1833) Two subspecies A. h. hypoglauca A. h. lateralis	Central Colombia to Peru	NT  Unknown [28]
Plate-billed mountain toucan	A. laminirostris Gould, 1851	Southeastern Colombia to southern Ecuador	NT  Unknown [29]
Hooded mountain toucan	A. cucullata (Gould, 1846)	Southeastern Peru to central Bolivia	LC  Unknown [30]
Black-billed mountain toucan	A. nigrirostris (Waterhouse, 1839) Three subspecies A. n. occidentalis A. n. spilorhynchus A. n. nigrirostris	Western Venezuela to northern Peru	LC  Unknown [31]

Genus Ramphastos – Linnaeus, 1758 – 8 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Red-breasted toucan	R. dicolorus (Linnaeus, 1766)	Southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina	LC  Unknown [32]
Channel-billed toucan	R. vitellinus [lower-alpha 12] [lower-alpha 13] Lichtenstein, M. H. C., 1823 Three subspecies R. v. culminatus R. v. vitellinus R. v. ariel	Amazon rainforest and eastern and southeastern Brazil	NE  Unknown
Citron-throated toucan	R. citreolaemus [lower-alpha 12] Gould, 1844	Northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela	LC  Unknown [33]
Choco toucan	R. brevis Meyer de Schauensee, 1945	Northwestern Colombia to southwestern Ecuador	LC  Unknown [34]
Keel-billed toucan	R. sulfuratus Lesson, R. P., 1830 Two subspecies R. s. sulfuratus R. s. brevicarinatus	Eastern Mexico to northwestern Venezuela	NT  50,000–499,999 [35]
Toco toucan	R. toco Müller, P. L. S., 1776 Two subspecies R. t. toco R. t. albogularis	Northeastern, central, and southeastern South America	LC  Unknown [36]
White-throated toucan	R. tucanus [lower-alpha 14] Linnaeus, 1758 Three subspecies R. t. tucanus R. t. cuvieri R. t. inca	Amazon rainforest	NE  Unknown
Yellow-throated toucan	R. ambiguus Swainson, 1823 Three subspecies R. a. swainsonii R. a. ambiguus R. a. abbreviatus	Central and northwestern South America	NT  Unknown [37]

Notes

1. The IUCN follows the taxonomy proposed by the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist. ^[2]
2. The Clements Checklist treats the Wagler's, emerald, and blue-throated toucanets as a one species, the northern emerald-toucanet. ^[3]
3. Called greyish-throated toucanet by the IUCN.
4. The Clements Checklist treats the white-throated and black-throated toucanets as a one species, the southern emerald-toucanet. ^[3]
5. The IUCN splits the black-throated toucanet sensu lato into two species, the black-billed toucanet (A. cyanolaemus) and black-throated toucanet sensu stricto (A. atrogularis). ^[2]
6. The IUCN splits the groove-billed toucanet sensu lato into two species, the yellow-billed toucanet (A. calorhynchus) and groove-billed toucanet sensu stricto (A. sulcatus). ^[2]
7. The IUCN splits the lettered aracari sensu lato into two species, the Humboldt's aracari (P. humboldti) and lettered aracari sensu stricto (P. inscriptus). ^[2]
8. The IUCN splits the red-necked aracari into two species, the western red-necked aracari (P. sturmii) and eastern red-necked aracari (P. bitorquatus). ^[2]
9. The Clements Checklist and IUCN treat the brown-billed aracari as a subspecies of the ivory-billed aracari. ^{[3] [2]}
10. The Clements Checklist treats the stripe-billed and pale-billed aracaris as subspecies of the collared aracari. ^[3]
11. The IUCN splits the golden-collared toucanet into two species, the red-billed toucanet (S. reinwardtii) and green-billed toucanet (S. langsdorffii). ^[2]
12. The Clements Checklist treats the citron-throated toucan as a subspecies of the channel-billed toucan. ^[3]
13. The IUCN splits the channel-billed toucan sensu lato into three species, the yellow-ridged toucan (R. culminatus), Ariel toucan (R. ariel), and channel-billed toucan sensu stricto (R. vitellinus). ^[2]
14. The IUCN splits the white-throated toucan into two species, the red-billed toucan (R. tucanus) and Cuvier's toucan (R. cuvieri). ^[2]

References

1. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (July 2023). "Jacamars, puffbirds, barbets, toucans, honeyguides". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
2. "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7". HBW and BirdLife International. 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
3. Clements, James F.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, Denis; Billerman, S. M.; Sullivan, B. L.; Wood, C. L. (2022). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022". Clements Checklist. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
4. BirdLife International (2022). "Aulacorhynchus wagleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T22726177A186729530. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
5. BirdLife International (2022). "Aulacorhynchus prasinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T22726170A168664135. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
6. BirdLife International (2022). "Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T22726263A186724272. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
7. BirdLife International (2016). "Aulacorhynchus albivitta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T42611196A95138483. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42611196A95138483.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
8. BirdLife International (2016). "Aulacorhynchus derbianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22727086A94940722. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727086A94940722.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
9. BirdLife International (2016). "Aulacorhynchus whitelianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22727094A94940906. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727094A94940906.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
10. BirdLife International (2016). "Aulacorhynchus haematopygus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22681978A92927477. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681978A92927477.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
11. BirdLife International (2019). "Aulacorhynchus huallagae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T22681981A155420330. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22681981A155420330.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
12. BirdLife International (2016). "Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22681984A92927922. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681984A92927922.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
13. BirdLife International (2016). "Pteroglossus viridis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22681994A95210922. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681994A95210922.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
14. BirdLife International (2016). "Pteroglossus aracari". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682017A92928534. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682017A92928534.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
15. BirdLife International (2016). "Pteroglossus castanotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682014A92928299. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682014A92928299.en . Retrieved 22 December 2022.
16. BirdLife International (2016). "Pteroglossus pluricinctus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682038A92928914. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682038A92928914.en . Retrieved 23 December 2022.
17. BirdLife International (2016). "Pteroglossus torquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22726200A94914704. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22726200A94914704.en . Retrieved 23 December 2022.
18. BirdLife International (2022). "Pteroglossus sanguineus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22726208A168666334. Retrieved 23 December 2022.{{cite iucn}}: |volume= / |date= mismatch (help)
19. BirdLife International (2016). "Pteroglossus erythropygius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22724652A94874977. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22724652A94874977.en . Retrieved 23 December 2022.
20. BirdLife International (2022). "Pteroglossus frantzii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682028A168668139. Retrieved 24 December 2022.{{cite iucn}}: |volume= / |date= mismatch (help)
21. BirdLife International (2016). "Pteroglossus beauharnaisii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682041A92929106. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682041A92929106.en . Retrieved 24 December 2022.
22. BirdLife International (2016). "Pteroglossus bailloni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682044A92929297. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682044A92929297.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
23. BirdLife International (2022). "Selenidera spectabilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T22682071A168669309. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
24. BirdLife International (2016). "Selenidera piperivora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682084A92930820. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682084A92930820.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
25. BirdLife International (2016). "Selenidera nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682081A92930636. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682081A92930636.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
26. BirdLife International (2016). "Selenidera gouldii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682096A92931217. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682096A92931217.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
27. BirdLife International (2016). "Selenidera maculirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682093A92931021. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682093A92931021.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
28. BirdLife International (2016). "Andigena hypoglauca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682055A92929841. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682055A92929841.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
29. BirdLife International (2016). "Andigena laminirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682050A92929574. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682050A92929574.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
30. BirdLife International (2016). "Andigena cucullata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682061A92930101. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682061A92930101.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
31. BirdLife International (2018). "Andigena nigrirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22682066A130076475. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682066A130076475.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
32. BirdLife International (2018). "Ramphastos dicolorus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22682129A131278894. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682129A131278894.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
33. BirdLife International (2016). "Ramphastos citreolaemus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T62220237A95192753. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T62220237A95192753.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
34. BirdLife International (2016). "Ramphastos brevis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682105A92931639. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682105A92931639.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
35. BirdLife International (2021). "Ramphastos sulfuratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T22682102A168670038. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22682102A168670038.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
36. BirdLife International (2017). "Ramphastos toco". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22682164A113557535. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22682164A113557535.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
37. BirdLife International (2016). "Ramphastos ambiguus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22727999A94967701. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727999A94967701.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.