Grey-breasted mountain toucan

Last updated

Grey-breasted mountain toucan
Grey-breasted mountain toucan (Andigena hypoglauca) Caldas.jpg
A. h. hypoglauca, Colombia
Gray-breasted Mountain-Toucan (Andigena hypoglauca).jpg
A. h. lateralis, Peru
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Ramphastidae
Genus: Andigena
Species:
A. hypoglauca
Binomial name
Andigena hypoglauca
(Gould, 1833)
Grey-breasted Mountain-Toucan map.PNG
Range of grey-breasted mountain toucan
Synonyms
  • Pteroglossus hypoglaucus

The grey-breasted mountain toucan (Andigena hypoglauca) is a Near Threatened species of bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. [2] [1]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The grey-breasted mountain toucan was originally described in the genus Pteroglossus . [3] Two subspecies are recognized, the nominate A. h. hypoglauca (Gould, 1833) and A. h. lateralis (Chapman, 1923). [2]

Description

The grey-breasted mountain toucan is 41 to 48 cm (16 to 19 in) long and weighs 244 to 370 g (8.6 to 13 oz). Males and females within each subspecies have the same plumage, and the two subspecies have the same bill pattern though the female's bill is shorter. The bill's base is yellow to greenish with a black band near the base. The maxilla's outer 2/3 is red, meeting the yellow diagonally. The mandible's outer half is black. Both subspecies have a black cap, face, and nape; a gray-blue band on the hindneck; a greenish brown back; and gray to gray-blue underparts. Their tail is blackish with chestnut tips on the two or three central pairs of feathers. The nominate subspecies has a bright yellow rump, pale gray-blue flanks, chestnut thighs, and red undertail coverts. Its eye is brown and surrounded by bare blue skin. Subspecies A. h. lateralis has a paler yellow rump than the nominate, pale yellow to gray-white flanks, and a yellow to green eye. [4]

Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of grey-breasted mountain toucan is found from central and southern Colombia into eastern Ecuador. A. h. lateralis is found from eastern Ecuador south well into Peru. The species inhabits wet temperate montane forest including cloud, elfin, and secondary forest. In elevation it mostly ranges between 2,200 and 3,650 m (7,200 and 12,000 ft) though it is found as low as 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Peru and 1,700 m (5,600 ft) in Ecuador. [4]

Behavior

Movement

The grey-breasted mountain toucan is not known to have a pattern of movement. [4]

Feeding

The grey-breasted mountain toucan forages from near the ground up to the forest's canopy, singly, in pairs, or in small groups that might be extended families. It sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks. Its diet is known to include fruit and berries and is assumed to also include some vertebrates. [4]

Breeding

The grey-breasted mountain toucan's breeding season spans from December to February in Colombia and from June or July to November in Ecuador and Peru. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology. [4]

Vocal and non-vocal sounds

The grey-breasted mountain toucan's song is a "low 'gweeeeeeeat'". Its calls include "wek" notes made singly or in a series, and "kek" notes in alarm or aggression. Songs and calls can include "bill-whacking". [4]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the grey-breasted mountain toucan as Near Threatened. Its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. The principal threat is deforestation from expanding agriculture, mining, and logging. [1] Though it occurs in some protected areas and is thought to be locally common, "[p]opulation fragmentation and inbreeding are possible problems". [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aracari</span> Genus of birds

An aracari or araçari is any of the medium-sized toucans that, together with the saffron toucanet, make up the genus Pteroglossus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chestnut-eared aracari</span> Species of bird

The chestnut-eared aracari or chestnut-eared araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sapphire quail-dove</span> Species of bird

The sapphire quail-dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-throated leaftosser</span> Species of bird

The grey-throated leaftosser is a Near Threatened species of bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dark-breasted spinetail</span> Species of bird

The dark-breasted spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hooded mountain toucan</span> Species of bird

The hooded mountain toucan is a species of bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mountain toucan</span> Genus of birds

Andigena, the mountain toucans, is a genus of birds in the family Ramphastidae. They are found in humid highland forests in the Andes of South America, ranging from Bolivia to Venezuela. These medium-sized toucans all have olive-brown upperparts, a black crown, yellow rump, blue-grey underparts and a red vent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plate-billed mountain toucan</span> Species of bird

The plate-billed mountain toucan is a species of bird in the family Ramphastidae. It is native to the west slope of Ecuador and extreme southern Colombia, where it lives in the high-altitude humid mountain forests of the Andes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-billed mountain toucan</span> Species of toucan

The black-billed mountain toucan is a species of bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crimson-rumped toucanet</span> Species of bird

The crimson-rumped toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scaly-breasted woodpecker</span> Species of bird

The scaly-breasted woodpecker, also known as the scale-breasted woodpecker, is a subspecies of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. Some taxonomists consider it a separate species. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waved woodpecker</span> Species of bird

The waved woodpecker is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-necked aracari</span> Species of bird

The black-necked aracari or black-necked araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ivory-billed aracari</span> Species of bird

The ivory-billed aracari or ivory-billed araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pale-mandibled aracari</span> Species of bird

The pale-mandibled aracari or pale-billed araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lettered aracari</span> Species of bird

The lettered aracari or lettered araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Many-banded aracari</span> Species of bird

The many-banded aracari or many-banded araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stripe-billed aracari</span> Species of bird

The stripe-billed aracari or stripe-billed araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden-collared toucanet</span> Species of bird

The golden-collared toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-throated toucanet</span> Species of bird

The white-throated toucanet or greyish-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

References

  1. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2016). "Andigena hypoglauca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682055A92929841. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682055A92929841.en . Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  2. 1 2 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022). "Jacamars, puffbirds, barbets, toucans, honeyguides". IOC World Bird List. v 12.2. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  3. Gould, John (1833). "Pteroglossus Hypoglaucus". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. I: 70. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Short, L.L. and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Gray-breasted Mountain-Toucan (Andigena hypoglauca), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.gybmot1.01 retrieved 3 January 2023