| Tucano-de-garganta-azul | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Family: | Ramphastidae |
| Genus: | Aulacorhynchus |
| Species: | A. caeruleogularis |
| Binomial name | |
| Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis Gould, 1853 | |
| Subspecies | |
See text | |
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| Synonyms | |
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The blue-throated toucanet (Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis) is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama and far northwestern Colombia. [2]
What is now the blue-throated toucanet was two of many subspecies of the then emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus sensu lato ). In 2008 the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) split 10 of those subspecies to create seven new species, one of which is the blue-throated toucanet, and retained four of them as subspecies of their current emerald toucanet sensu stricto . BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) concurred. In 2016 the IOC merged the violet-throated toucanet (A. cognatus) into the blue-throated and again HBW concurred. However, the North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy declined to follow them. In 2017 they did split the emerald toucanet into two species, the northern (A. prasinus) and southern (A. albivitta) emerald-toucanets, each with seven subspecies. They treat the IOC's "blue-throated" as two subspecies of the northern emerald-toucanet. [3] [4] [2] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Two subspecies of blue-throated toucanet are recognized by the IOC and HBW: [2] [5]
As in all toucans, the blue-throated toucanet has a large bill. The adult is 29 to 37 cm (11 to 15 in) long and weighs about 120 to 185 g (4.2 to 6.5 oz). The sexes are alike in appearance although the female generally is smaller and shorter-billed. Their bill is black with a wide yellow stripe along its culmen and a white vertical strip at its base. The nominate subspecies has a rufous patch near the base of the culmen; A. c. cognatus does not. Both subspecies have plumage that is mainly green like that of other members of genus Aulacorhynchus, and is somewhat lighter below than above. The nominate's crown has a bronze tinge and its nape and upper back a yellowy bronze tint; A. c. cognatus' crown and nape are almost pure green. Their eye is dark brown surrounded by even darker bare skin. Their lower face and throat are deep blue. Their undertail coverts and the underside of the tail are chestnut. The base of their tail's upper surface is green becoming blue towards the end and the tips of the feathers are chestnut. Immatures are grayer than adults and the chestnut of the tail tips is browner and smaller. [9]
The nominate subspecies of blue-throated toucanet is found along most of the length of Costa Rica into western Panama as far as Veraguas Province. A. c. cognatus is found in central and eastern Panama and slightly into Colombia's Chocó Department. In elevation the species ranges between 800 and 3,000 m (2,600 and 9,800 ft) in Costa Rica and between 600 and 2,400 m (2,000 and 7,900 ft) in Panama. It primarily inhabits humid montane forest but is also found in more open landscapes like secondary forest, shrublands, pastures, and plantations. [9] [1]
A potential problem relates to the distribution limit between A. c. cognatus and A. c. caeruleogularis in Panama. Some authors place the population in central Panama in A. c. caeruleogularis, which limits A. c. cognatus to extreme eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia. [10] [11] However, others assert that the toucanets in central Panama are closer to A. c. cognatus. [12] [13] [9]
The blue-throated toucanet is non-migratory. [9]
The blue-throated toucanet is gregarious and frequently gathers in groups of up to about 10. [9]
The blue-throated toucanet forages by gleaning, usually while perched. Its diet is eclectic and includes a wide variety of fruits, invertebrates of many orders, and vertebrate prey such as birds, eggs, lizards, and snakes. [9]
The blue-throated toucanet's breeding season is from March to August. It nests in tree cavities, either natural or those abandoned by woodpeckers. They can be as high as 27 m (89 ft) above the ground. The typical clutch size is three or four but can range from one to five. Both sexes incubate the eggs but the female does so more than the male. The incubation period is 16 days and fledging occurs 42 to 45 days after hatch. [9]
The blue-throated toucanet's main vocalization is "a loud, far-carrying, dry rrip rrrip rrip rrip or curré curré curré...often continued for minutes on end". In flight its wings make a whirring sound. [9]
The IUCN has assessed the blue-throated toucanet as being of Least Concern. Though its population size is not known, it is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] However, it "is vulnerable to habitat destruction". [9]
The emerald toucanet is a species of near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found from Mexico to Nicaragua.
The white-throated toucan is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae found in South America throughout the Amazon Basin including the adjacent Tocantins and Araguaia River drainage. It prefers tropical humid forest, but also occurs in woodland and locally in riverine forest within cerrado.
The royal flycatchers are a genus, Onychorhynchus, of passerine birds that the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) places in the family Tityridae.
The yellow-throated toucan is a Near Threatened species of bird in the family Ramphastidae, the toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. It is found from Honduras south into northern South America and beyond to Peru.
The sapphire-spangled emerald is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is regularly found in Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela; as a vagrant in Argentina; and has possibly occurred in Ecuador.
The Pirre hummingbird, also somewhat misleadingly known as the rufous-cheeked hummingbird, is a Near Threatened species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Panama and far northwestern Colombia.
The Colombian crake is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
The rusty-vented canastero, or creamy-breasted canastero, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia.
Green toucanets are near-passerine birds from the genus Aulacorhynchus in the toucan family. They are native to Mexico, and Central and South America. All are found in humid forests and woodlands in highlands, but a few also occur in adjacent lowlands. They are relatively small toucans, 30–44 centimetres (12–17 in) long, with colorful, mainly green, plumage. They are typically seen in pairs or small groups, and sometimes follow mixed species flocks.
The chestnut-tipped toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The groove-billed toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The lettered aracari or lettered araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The stripe-billed aracari or stripe-billed araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
The golden-collared toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The tepui toucanet or Whitely's toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The citron-throated toucan is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae, the toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The black-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
Wagler's toucanet is a species of bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is endemic to southwestern Mexico.
The white-throated toucanet or greyish-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
