| Citron-throated toucan | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Family: | Ramphastidae |
| Genus: | Ramphastos |
| Species: | R. citreolaemus |
| Binomial name | |
| Ramphastos citreolaemus Gould, 1844 | |
| Synonyms | |
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The citron-throated toucan (Ramphastos citreolaemus) is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae, the toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. [2]
The citron-throated toucan is treated as a species by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World . [2] [3] However, the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy treat it as a subspecies of the channel-billed toucan (R. vitellinus). [4] [5] The citron-throated toucan is monotypic. [2]
The citron-throated toucan is about 48 cm (19 in) long and weighs about 360 g (13 oz). The sexes are alike. Their bill is mostly black. It has a narrow greenish-yellow culmen, a wide yellow band at the base of the maxilla, and a blue-green base to the mandible. The eye is surrounded by bare pale blue skin. Most of the plumage is black. The rump, uppertail coverts, throat, and breast are pale lemon yellow with a narrow red band below the breast. The undertail coverts are red. [6]
The citron-throated toucan is found from northern Colombia into northwestern Venezuela. It inhabits mature humid forest in the lowlands and foothills. In elevation it occurs from sea level to 500 m (1,600 ft) in Venezuela and 900 m (3,000 ft) in Colombia. [6]
As far as is known, the citron-throated toucan is a year-round resident throughout its range. [6]
The citron-throated toucan typically forages from the forest mid-storey to its canopy but will pick up fallen fruit from the ground. Its diet is primarily a wide variety of fruits and also includes insects and other arthropods, lizards, and birds and their eggs. [6]
The citron-throated toucan's breeding season appears to include at least January to July. Its breeding biology is assumed to be similar to that of the channel-billed toucan but no studies have been made. [6]
The citron-throated toucan is one of the "croaker" group of toucans. [4] Its song is a "series of frog-like, croaking 'cree-op' notes". [6]
The IUCN has assessed the citron-throated toucan as being of Least Concern. It has a large range, but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [7] It is considered uncommon in Colombia, where it occurs in several protected areas. It is considered scarce and local in Venezuela "where its Andean foothill habitat around [the Lake] Maracaibo basin is fast disappearing". [6]
The russet-throated puffbird is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The two-banded puffbird is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The emerald toucanet is a species of near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found from Mexico to Nicaragua.
The blue-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama and far northwestern Colombia.
The white-throated toucan is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae found in South America throughout the Amazon Basin including the adjacent Tocantins and Araguaia River drainage. It prefers tropical humid forest, but also occurs in woodland and locally in riverine forest within cerrado.
The collared aracari or collared araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found from Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela.
The yellow-throated toucan is a Near Threatened species of bird in the family Ramphastidae, the toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. It is found from Honduras south into northern South America and beyond to Peru.
The Choco toucan is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae, the toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
Geoffroy's daggerbill, Geoffroy's wedgebill, or eastern wedge-billed hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Colombian crake is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
The ash-throated crake is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in every mainland South American country except Chile.
The groove-billed toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The ivory-billed aracari or ivory-billed araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The lettered aracari or lettered araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The brown-mandibled aracari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
The stripe-billed aracari or stripe-billed araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
Longuemare's sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
The black-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
The white-throated toucanet or greyish-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
The white-throated daggerbill, white-throated wedgebill, or western wedge-billed hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
