| Black-throated toucanet | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Family: | Ramphastidae |
| Genus: | Aulacorhynchus |
| Species: | A. atrogularis |
| Binomial name | |
| Aulacorhynchus atrogularis (Sturm, JHCF & Sturm, JW, 1841) | |
| Subspecies | |
See text | |
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| Synonyms | |
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The black-throated toucanet (Aulacorhynchus atrogularis) is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru. [2]
The black-throated toucanet was originally described in the genus Pteroglossus . What is now the black-throated toucanet was three of many subspecies of the then emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus sensu lato ). In 2008 the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) split 10 of those subspecies to create seven new species, one of which is the black-throated toucanet, and retained four of them as subspecies of their current emerald toucanet sensu stricto . BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) concurred. However, the North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy declined to follow them. In 2017 they did split the emerald toucanet into two species, the northern (A. prasinus) and southern (A. albivitta) emerald-toucanets, each with seven subspecies. They treat the IOC's "black-throated" as three subspecies of the southern emerald-toucanet. [3] [4] [2] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Three subspecies of black-throated toucanet are recognized by the IOC and HBW: [2] [5]
Like other toucans, the black-throated toucanet is brightly marked and has a large bill. Adults are 33 to 38 cm (13 to 15 in) long and weigh about 120 to 210 g (4.2 to 7.4 oz). The sexes are alike in appearance although the female generally is smaller and shorter-billed. The bills of A. a. dimidiatus and A. a. atrogularis are black a wide yellow stripe along the culmen; that of A. a. cyanolaemus is black with the only yellow on the tip of the maxilla. The bills of all three have a white vertical strip at the base. All three subspecies have plumage that is mainly green like that of other members of genus Aulacorhynchus, and is somewhat lighter below than above. Subpecies A. a. dimidiatus and A. a. atrogularis have black throats and A. a. cyanolaemus a blue throat. All subspecies have olive green legs and feet with dusky yellow soles. [9]
The three subspecies of white-throated toucanet are found thus: [2] [9]
The black-throated toucanet primarily inhabits the interior of humid montane forest but is also found in more open landscapes like the forest's edge, secondary forest, plantations, and clearings with scattered trees. In Amazonia it is also found in lowland evergreen forest. [9]
The black-throated toucanet is non-migratory. [9]
The black-throated toucanet is gregarious and frequently gathers in small groups. [9]
The black-throated toucanet forages by gleaning in the middle to upper levels of the forest, usually while perched. Its diet is eclectic and includes a wide variety of fruits, terrestrial invertebrates, and small vertebrate prey. [9]
Little is known about the black-throated toucanet's breeding biology. Its nesting season in Peru is from May to September. It nests in a tree cavity like others of its family. [9]
The black-throated toucanet's vocalization in Peru is described as "a long series of grinding grunts grra grra grra...or barking yaps yak yak yak yak yak." In flight its wings make a whirring sound. [9]
The IUCN has assessed the black-throated toucanet as being of Least Concern. It has a large range, but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is "vulnerable to habitat destruction". [9]
The emerald toucanet or northern emerald toucanet is a species of near-passerine bird in the Ramphastidae family occurring in mountainous regions of Mexico and Central America.
The blue-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama and far northwestern Colombia.
An aracari or araçari is any of the medium-sized toucans that, together with the saffron toucanet, make up the genus Pteroglossus.
The sapphire-spangled emerald is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is regularly found in Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela; as a vagrant in Argentina; and has possibly occurred in Ecuador.
The green-fronted hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Mexico and possibly Guatemala.
The western emerald is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The violet-throated starfrontlet is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru and possibly Ecuador.
The Pirre hummingbird, also somewhat misleadingly known as the rufous-cheeked hummingbird, is a Near Threatened species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Panama and far northwestern Colombia.
The amethyst-throated sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The flame-throated sunangel or little sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The purple-throated sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The black-throated brilliant is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The green-tailed trainbearer is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Venezuela.
The bearded mountaineer or eastern mountaineer is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Peru.
The ash-throated crake is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in every mainland South American country except Chile.
Green toucanets are near-passerine birds from the genus Aulacorhynchus in the toucan family. They are native to Mexico, and Central and South America. All are found in humid forests and woodlands in highlands, but a few also occur in adjacent lowlands. They are relatively small toucans, 30–44 centimetres (12–17 in) long, with colorful, mainly green, plumage. They are typically seen in pairs or small groups, and sometimes follow mixed species flocks.
The Amazonian trogon, is a near passerine bird in the family Trogonidae, the trogons and quetzals. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Mérida sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
Wagler's toucanet is a species of bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is endemic to southwestern Mexico.
The white-throated toucanet or greyish-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
