Live Nation (events promoter)

Last updated
Live Nation
FormerlySFX Entertainment (1996–2000)
Clear Channel Entertainment (2000–2005)
Company type Subsidiary
Industry Event promotion
Founded1996;28 years ago (1996)
Founder Robert F. X. Sillerman
Headquarters
Beverly Hills, California
,
U.S.
RevenueIncrease2.svg US$ 10.34 billion (2017)
Increase2.svg US$ 91.4 million (2017)
Decrease2.svg US$ -6 million (2017)
Total assets Increase2.svg US$ 7.504 billion (2017)
Total equity Increase2.svg US$ 1.418 million (2017)
Number of employees
 Full-time: 8,800
Part-time: 28,000
Parent SFX Broadcasting (1996–2000)
Clear Channel Communications (2000–2005)
Live Nation Entertainment (2010–present)
Website LiveNation.com

Live Nation is an American events promoter and venue operator based in Beverly Hills, California. Founded in 1996 by Robert F. X. Sillerman as SFX Entertainment, the company's business was built around consolidating concert promoters into a national entity to counter the oversized influence of ticket behemoth Ticketmaster. In 2000, the company was sold to Clear Channel Communications for $4.4 billion and operated as Clear Channel Entertainment until 2005, when it was spun off as Live Nation. In 2010, Live Nation merged with the ticketing firm Ticketmaster to form a larger conglomerate named Live Nation Entertainment.

Contents

History

Early years

The company was originally established in 1996 as SFX Entertainment, a subsidiary of media executive Robert F. X. Sillerman's SFX Broadcasting. [1] [2] During the late 1990s, SFX acquired a number of concert promoters, including Sunshine Promotions, [3] The Entertainment Group, [4] and Avalon Entertainment Partners. [5] [1] In 2000, Sillerman sold SFX to Clear Channel Communications for $4.4 billion. [6] In 2005, Clear Channel spun off its entertainment division and named the new company Live Nation. [7] [8] Michael Rapino was appointed as the company's CEO. [9]

2006 to 2009

After spinning off from Clear Channel, Live Nation acquired companies in the music industry while selling off other lines of business. [10] The company acquired the House of Blues chain in 2006. [11] Live Nation also made several international acquisitions between 2006 and 2009, including Gamerco, a concert promoter based in Spain. [12] In January 2008, Live Nation sold its North American theatrical business (including the Broadway Across America business) to Key Brand Entertainment for $90.4 million. [13] [10] Also in September 2008, Feld Entertainment acquired its motorsports division. [14]

Merger with Ticketmaster

In February 2009, Live Nation announced that it had reached an agreement to merge with the ticket broker Ticketmaster in a $2.5 billion, all-stock deal. [15] [16]

The proposal initially received regulatory approval in Norway and Turkey. [17] [18] In October 2009, the United Kingdom's Competition Commission provisionally ruled against the merger with Ticketmaster. [19] The Competition Commission later cleared the merger on December 22, 2009. [17] [18] [20]

The United States Department of Justice approved the merger in 2010. [21] A condition of the approval, Ticketmaster agreed to license its software to rival Anschutz Entertainment Group, and to sell its subsidiary Paciolan to Comcast Spectacor, Comcast's sporting events subsidiary. [21] The company also agreed not to interfere with competition for the ten-year life of the agreement. [21]

In response to the merger, music artist Bruce Springsteen wrote in a post on his website, "the one thing that would make the current ticket situation even worse for the fan than it is now would be Ticketmaster and Live Nation coming up with a single system, thereby returning us to a near monopoly situation in music ticketing." [22] Additionally, Ticketdisaster.org, a coalition of consumer rights and anti-trust groups, released a statement opposing the merger. [23]

2011 to present

Live Nation made acquisitions following the merger with Ticketmaster. In 2011, it acquired the remaining 25% of Front Line Management Group Inc., an artist management firm that was majority owned by Ticketmaster. [24] Also in 2011, Live Nation acquired online measurement company Big Champagne. [25] In June 2013, Insomniac Events, a promoter focused on electronic dance music, announced a major "creative partnership" with Live Nation, giving the promoter access to Live Nation's resources while remaining an independent company. Live Nation did not take any ownership stake in Insomniac. [26] [27]

In December 2015, Live Nation launched Live Nation Productions, a film and television division. [28] In 2018, Live Nation Productions produced A Star is Born, which starred Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper. [29]

Live Nation has acquired a stake in a number of festivals and festival management companies, including Voodoo Music & Arts Experience [30] and Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival. [31] In 2016, Live Nation partnered with Jägermeister to sponsor six electronic dance music festivals. [32] The company has also sponsored Music Midtown, a music festival based in Atlanta. [33] In 2017, Live Nation acquired BottleRock Napa Valley music festival. [34] [35]

In late 2019, Live Nation announced "Lawn Pass", a one-time fee program for concertgoers to attend all 2020 events in the lawn section at 29 outdoor amphitheaters in the United States. [36]

The company has agreed to match a $500,000 donation by singer Lizzo to Planned Parenthood in response to the Supreme Court decision to overturn Roe vs. Wade.

Controversies

According to a Houston Chronicle investigative report, Live Nation had been linked to at least 750 injuries and around 200 deaths at its events in seven countries since 2006. [37]

The company has been under scrutiny by federal regulators for work safety and antitrust violations. [37]

Artists and venues

Live Nation has an artist management division called Artist Nation. [38] In October 2007, Live Nation reached a 10-year deal with Madonna, under which the company would collaborate on several facets of her career, including touring and merchandising. [39]

In March 2008, it was confirmed that Live Nation signed a 12-year deal with U2 worth an estimated $100 million (£70 million).The parties agreed that the band would receive $25 million for 1.6 million shares of the company; as of 17 December 2008, those shares were worth only just over $6 million. It was reported on 18 December 2008 that Live Nation, honoring their financial commitment, bought back the shares at a loss of $19 million. [40]

In July 2008, Shakira signed an estimated $70–100 million contract with Live Nation. [41] [42] [43] The same year, Live Nation signed a 3-tour deal with Canadian rock band, Nickelback. [44] Also in 2008, a deal between Jay-Z and Live Nation for $152 million was confirmed. The deal covered financing of Jay-Z's own entertainment venture, live shows, tours and future recordings. [45] Jay-Z signed a second 10-year deal with Live Nation in 2017. [46] [47]

Live Nation owns several venues and venue chains, including the House of Blues chain of clubs. [11] [48] [49] The company also owns amphitheaters [50] and operates several venues that it does not own. [51]

International

Between 2011 and 2013, Live Nation acquired companies in Dubai, Australia, New Zealand, and the UK. [52]

Venues and artist promotion

Live Nation owns and manages several international venues, including the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London, England, [53] and 3Arena in Ireland. [54] It also owns Ticketmaster and MCD Productions in Ireland. [55] In March 2007 Live Nation/Gaiety bought a majority share in 10 music venues from the Academy Music Group, which owns venues including the Brixton Academy [56] , Shepherds Bush Empire, and others.

In 2017, Live Nation acquired a majority stake in Israeli promoter Bluestone Entertainment. [57]

In Ireland, Live Nation entered into a 50/50 joint venture with Gaiety Investments in 2018, called LN-Gaiety. Gaiety owned MCD Productions. [58] LN-Gaiety has made a number of acquisitions, including the Academy Group and MAMA & Co. in 2015. [59]

The company owns several international artist and venue management firms, including former Welldone Agency & Promotions in Finland (Live Nation Finland), EMA Telstar Group in Sweden (Live Nation Sweden), Gunnar Eide Concerts in Norway (Live Nation Norway), Mojo Concerts in the Netherlands, [60] [61] and Swedish EDM promoter Stureplansgruppen Live. [62]

In Australia, Live Nation Australia owns the operating rights for several live music venues, including the Palais Theatre in Melbourne, the Fortitude Music Hall in Brisbane, Hindley Street Music Hall in Adelaide, and Anita's Theatre in the regional NSW town of Thirroul. [63]

In January 2024 it was reported that Live Nation Ireland had lost €6 million in 2022. [55]

Festivals

The company acquired several international festivals and festival management firms in 2016, including the Sweden Rock Festival; [64] Australia's Secret Sounds Group; and Union Events, an Alberta-owned festival and concert promotion company. [65] [ citation needed ]

As of 2019 Live Nation owns a majority stake in Festival Republic, a UK concert promoter, [56] that organizes festivals such as the Reading and Leeds Festivals, Isle of Wight Festival, and Latitude. [66]

Other festivals owned by Live Nation include the Download Festival in Melbourne, Australia, the Rhythm and Vines Festival in New Zealand, and the Wireless Festival in London. [67] [68] In 2019 Live Nation acquired Finland's leading urban music festival, Blockfest [69]

See also

Related Research Articles

Ticketmaster Entertainment, LLC is an American ticket sales and distribution company based in Beverly Hills, California with operations in many countries around the world. In 2010, it merged with Live Nation under the name Live Nation Entertainment.

Beatport is an American electronic music-oriented online music store owned by LiveStyle. The company is based in Denver, Los Angeles, and Berlin. Beatport is oriented primarily towards DJs, selling full songs as well as resources that can be used for remixes. It also operates a specialized music streaming service oriented towards DJs.

Tour promoters are the individuals or companies responsible for organizing a live concert tour or special event performance. The tour promoter makes an offer of engagement to a particular artist, usually through the artist's agent or music manager. The promoter and agent then negotiate the live performance contract. The majority of live performance contracts are drawn up using the American Federation of Musicians (AFM) standard contract format known as the AFM Performance Agreement.

Live Nation UK is the United Kingdom subsidiary of Live Nation Entertainment. They are best known for promoting concerts, operating venues and running festivals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irving Azoff</span> American entertainment executive

Irving Azoff is an American entertainment executive and chairman of Full Stop Management, a company that represents recording artists. During the course of his career, he has worked as an agent, personal manager, concert promoter, movie producer, independent record label owner, merchandiser, music publisher, and CEO of a record label.

MCD Productions is an Irish concert promotion company. Established in 1980, and headquartered in Dún Laoghaire, County Dublin.

Robert Francis Xavier Sillerman was an American businessman and media entrepreneur. Sillerman was the owner of a range of television and radio stations during the 1970s and 1980s, In 1993 he formed SFX Broadcasting, and then built SFX Entertainment—a concert and stage performance promoter that was sold to Clear Channel in 2000 for $4.4 billion. He refounded SFX Entertainment in 2012 as a promoter of electronic music festivals; that company is now known as LiveStyle. He is also the founder of Viggle and the namesake of The Sillerman Center for the Advancement of Philanthropy at Brandeis University. Once on the Forbes 400 list, he also briefly owned the WLAF's New York/New Jersey Knights.

The Ruoff Music Center is an outdoor amphitheatre located in Noblesville, Indiana. It is the largest outdoor music venue in the Indianapolis metropolitan area of central Indiana, with 6,147 seats under a pavilion and 18,000 general admission lawn seats. It is used mainly for large concerts, but is also frequently a host for high school graduations and political rallies.

MAMA Festivals is a live music and entertainment company which owns and operates a number of live music venues and festivals in the United Kingdom. Founded in 2005, it has acquired many other venue-holding companies, expanding its reach significantly across England.

The John Gore Organization (JGO), formerly known as Key Brand Entertainment (KBE), is a producer and distributor of live theater in North America, as well as an e-commerce company, focused on theater. KBE was founded in the UK in 2004 by 14-time Tony Award-winning Producer John Gore who is the company's Chairman, CEO and Owner.

Live Nation Entertainment is an American multinational entertainment company that was founded in 2010 following the merger of Live Nation and Ticketmaster. It promotes, operates and manages ticket sales for live entertainment internationally. It also owns and operates entertainment venues and manages the careers of music artists.

Hard is a national music festival, music cruise and concert brand founded in 2007. The event line-ups consist of alternative and electronic acts and emerging talents. The first Hard Music Festival was held on December 31, 2007 in Downtown Los Angeles and featured Justice, Peaches and 2 Live Crew. Hard is best known for the Hard Summer Music Festival and Hard Haunted Mansion, though also runs several smaller events and one-off shows. Hard is sometimes called "Hardfest" by fans, based on the event's website and social media shortcuts. Additional Hard brands include the Hard Summer, Hard Red Rocks, Hard at Electric Daisy Carnival, and the Holy Ship! electronic music cruise, and former events include Hard Day of The Dead, Hard 13, Turkey Soup and Hard Miami. Live Nation Entertainment acquired Hard in 2012. In 2013, Live Nation handed control over to Insomniac Events in their merger.

LiveStyle, Inc. is a Los Angeles-based live events conglomerate founded by media entrepreneur Robert F. X. Sillerman. The company was formed in June 2012 as SFX Entertainment—the new incarnation of Sillerman's previous company of the same name, which was sold to Clear Channel Communications in 2000 and later spun-off as Live Nation in 2005.

Insomniac is an American electronic music event promoter and music distributor. Founded by Pasquale Rotella, it is the organizer of various music festivals, including its flagship electronic music festival Electric Daisy Carnival (EDC) in Las Vegas.

Rock in Rio USA was a music festival held in Las Vegas, Nevada from May 8–9 and 15–16, 2015 at the MGM Resorts Festival Grounds on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eventim UK</span> British events and ticket agent

Eventim UK is an events and ticket agent, based in London, England. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Europe's largest ticket retailer, CTS Eventim AG & Co. KGaA.

ALDA is a global operating Dutch producer, concept developer and promoter of international DJ and event concepts. ALDA stands for the first two initials of the names of both entrepreneurs; Allan and David. ALDA was founded in 2007 and is based in Amsterdam.

CTS Eventim is a German company in the leisure-events market, with ticketing and live entertainment, headquartered in Bremen. It is one of the 50 companies comprising the MDAX index, and one of the 40th to 90th largest companies in Germany by market capitalisation.

OCESA is a Mexican concert promoter founded in 1990 by Alejandro Soberon Kuri. The company organizes concerts, music festivals, and other live events. It is currently the largest music promoter in Mexico. It is headquartered in the Hipódromo de las Américas in Mexico City, Mexico. OCESA is a subsidiary of Grupo CIE.

Michael Rapino is a Canadian-American business executive and the Chief Executive Officer and President of Live Nation Entertainment, Inc, which was formed in 2010 following the merger of Live Nation and Ticketmaster.

References

  1. 1 2 Harrington, Richard (28 August 1998). "A CONCERT PROMOTER OUT TO STEAL THE SHOW?" . Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  2. ↑ Hull, Geoffrey P.; Hutchison, Thomas; Strasser, Richard (2011-06-23). The Music Business and Recording Industry. Routledge. ISBN   9781136911118.
  3. ↑ "Sfx Broadcasting Buying Sunshine for $50 Million". The New York Times. 12 March 1997.
  4. ↑ Morgan, Richard (12 January 1999). "SFX lands in Chicago".
  5. ↑ MATZER, MARLA (19 March 1998). "SFX Entertainment to Buy L.A. Concert Promoter Avalon" – via Los Angeles Times.
  6. ↑ "Sale of Promoter AEG Would Radically Alter Concert Business". 2012-09-21. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
  7. ↑ Sisario, Ben (26 February 2013). "SFX Entertainment Buys Electronic Dance Music Site". Media Decoder. The New York Times. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  8. ↑ "Clear Channel Communications, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Dec 23, 2005" (PDF). SEC Database. Retrieved Mar 27, 2013.
  9. ↑ "Clear Channel Gives Details on Spinoff Of Live Nation Unit". Wall Street Journal. 2005-12-15. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  10. 1 2 Cox, Gordon (2008-01-24). "Live Nation sells off theater division". Variety. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  11. 1 2 Duhigg, Charles (2006-07-06). "House of Blues Sold to Live Nation". Los Angeles Times. ISSN   0458-3035 . Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  12. ↑ "Live Nation to expand into Spain, France". The Hollywood Reporter. 20 December 2006. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  13. ↑ Jones, Kenneth (January 24, 2008). "Key Brand Entertainment Acquires Live Nation Tour Markets". Playbill. Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  14. ↑ Plumb, Tierney (September 11, 2009). "Feld Entertainment enters motor sports business". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  15. ↑ Hendrickson, Mark. "TicketMaster and Live Nation Agree to $2.5 Billion Merger". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  16. ↑ Segal, David (2010-04-24). "Ticketmaster Joins Live Nation, and an Industry Quakes". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  17. 1 2 "MEDIA STATEMENT: Ticketmaster and Live Nation Welcome Competition Commission Ruling on Merger" (PDF). files.shareholder.com. April 9, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  18. 1 2 Kreps, Daniel (2009-12-22). "Live Nation-Ticketmaster Merger Approved in U.K." Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  19. ↑ Van Buskirk, Eliot (October 12, 2009). "Live Nation/Ticketmaster Merger Faces Obstacles Here and Abroad". Wired. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  20. ↑ Wearden, Graeme; Clark, Andrew (2009-12-22). "Ticketmaster and Live Nation merger given go-ahead". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  21. 1 2 3 Chmielewski, Dawn C.; Fritz, Ben; Lewis, Randy (January 26, 2010). "Ticketmaster-Live Nation merger gets Justice Department's approval". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 29, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  22. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen "Furious" At Ticketmaster, Rails Against Live Nation Merger". February 4, 2009. Archived from the original on February 7, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  23. ↑ Sisario, Ben (2010-01-25). "Justice Dept. Clears Ticketmaster-Live Nation Merger". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  24. ↑ Stynes, Tess (2011-02-07). "Live Nation Buys Artist Agency". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  25. ↑ "Live Nation acquires BigChampagne". Los Angeles Times Blogs - Company Town. 2011-12-14. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  26. ↑ "Electric Daisy Chain: Insomniac and Dick Clark Prod. Plan 2014 EDM Awards". Spin. 2013-06-21. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  27. ↑ "Live Nation Teams With Insomniac Events in 'Creative Partnership'". Billboard.biz. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  28. ↑ Aswad, Jem (2018-10-30). "Heather Parry's Live Nation Productions Is Booming With 'A Star Is Born,' 'Believer,' More". Variety. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  29. ↑ Steele, Anne (30 October 2018). "With 'A Star Is Born,' Live Nation Gains Hollywood Clout". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  30. ↑ "Live Nation Teams With Insomniac Events in 'Creative Partnership'". Billboard. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  31. ↑ "Live Nation Entertainment buys controlling stake in Bonnaroo festival". Los Angeles Times. 2015-04-28. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  32. ↑ Birkner, Christine. "Jagermeister Cleans Up Its Act for Summer With a Crazy Treehouse-Inspired Installation". www.adweek.com. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  33. ↑ "Music Midtown is an urban balancing act". SaportaReport. 2018-09-18. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  34. ↑ "Live Nation acquires BottleRock Napa Valley". The Mercury News. 2017-01-13. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  35. ↑ "Live Nation Acquires Utah Promoter United Concerts". Billboard. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  36. ↑ "Live Nation Announces Return of Unlimited Concert Access 'Lawn Pass'". Billboard. 5 December 2019.
  37. 1 2 Banks, Gabrielle (2021-11-06). "Astroworld promoters oversaw other events where concertgoers burst through a barricade, trampled fellow fans". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
  38. ↑ "Live Nation companies now manage over 500 artists worldwide". Music Business Worldwide. 2017-02-27. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  39. ↑ "Madonna Deal Done: Material Mom Signs With Live Nation". Rolling Stone. 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  40. ↑ Kamalakaran, Ajay (December 18, 2008). "UPDATE 1-Live Nation takes $19 mln hit on U2 buyback deal". Reuters.
  41. ↑ "Van Halen, Shakira, Seal Support Live Nation/Ticketmaster Merger". Rolling Stone . 24 February 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  42. ↑ "Businesswoman Shakira mesmerises with new album". Emirates 24/7. 16 October 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  43. ↑ "Singer Shakira joins Live Nation". BBC Online . 3 July 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  44. ↑ Kreps, Daniel (2008-07-08). "Nickelback Sign 360 Deal with Live Nation". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  45. ↑ Jay-Z to sign deal with Live Nation Rosie Swash, The Guardian, April 3, 2008. Accessed July 2008
  46. ↑ Makarechi, Kia (9 April 2013). "Jay-Z & Universal Ink Deal To Move Roc Nation Over From Sony" – via Huff Post.
  47. ↑ Greenburg, Zack O'Malley. "Jay Z's New 10-Year Live Nation Deal Is Worth $200 Million". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  48. ↑ Leeds, Jeff (2006-07-06). "Big Promoter of Concerts to Acquire House of Blues". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  49. ↑ "Live Nation Unveils Plans for New Fillmore Venue in New Orleans". Billboard. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  50. ↑ "Live Nation Announces First-Ever Lawn Pass for Season-Long Entry to 29 Amphitheaters: Exclusive". Billboard. 30 November 2018. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  51. ↑ "Live Nation Acquires Red Mountain Entertainment". Billboard. 27 June 2018. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  52. ↑ "Download Festival Rocks Melbourne, Prepares to Expand in 2019". Billboard. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  53. ↑ Vincent, Alice (2013-01-22). "Olympic Park to host Live Nation concerts and festivals from July". Daily Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  54. ↑ Paul, Mark (11 Oct 2016). "Live Nation records big jump in Dublin 3Arena profits". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  55. 1 2 O'Halloran, Barry (16 January 2024). "Live Nation's Irish holding company loses €6.3m in 2022". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  56. 1 2 "LN-Gaiety MCD Productions Merger Probed In Ireland". Pollstar. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  57. ↑ "Live Nation Acquires Majority Stake in Tel Aviv's Bluestone, Launches Ticketmaster Israel". Billboard. 7 February 2017. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  58. ↑ "Live Nation UK President/COO Paul Latham Announces Retirement". Billboard. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  59. ↑ "The MAMA of all takeovers". Irish Times . Archived from the original on 2019-12-05. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  60. ↑ "Subsidiaries of the Company". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  61. ↑ "Evago acquires Mojo Barriers". IQ Magazine. 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  62. ↑ "Live Nation acquires majority stake in Sweden's SPG Live". Music Business Worldwide. 2015-03-05. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  63. ↑ Brandle, Lars (18 July 2022). "Anita's Theatre Becomes Live Nation's First Regional Venue: Exclusive". The Music Network . Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  64. ↑ "Live Nation Acquires Sweden Rock Festival". Billboard. 23 November 2016. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  65. ↑ Griwkowsky, Fish (2016-02-17). "Alberta's Union Events purchased by American concert promoter Live Nation | Edmonton Journal" . Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  66. ↑ "Melvin Benn, Promoter Behind Reading and Leeds Fests, on Fest Economics, Bringing Lolla to Europe". Billboard. 13 January 2015. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  67. ↑ "Live Nation Acquires New Zealand's Rhythm and Vines Festival". Billboard. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  68. ↑ Gelder, Sam (9 January 2019). "Wireless Festival promoter Live Nation withdraws appeal over licensing restrictions after deal struck with Haringey". Islington Gazette. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  69. ↑ "Live Nation Acquires Finland's Leading Urban Music Festival, Blockfest". Live Nation Entertainment. 15 February 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  70. ↑ "e8vk". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  71. ↑ "Freed from Clear Channel, Live Nation masters the Internet - Nov. 30, 2007". money.cnn.com. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  72. ↑ MarketScreener. "LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC. : Shareholders Board Members Managers and Company Profile | MarketScreener". www.marketscreener.com. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  73. ↑ "Live Nation Entertainment (LYV) Q4 2017 Results - Earnings Call Transcript". Seeking Alpha. 2018-02-28. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  74. ↑ "Live Nation Reports a Record 2017 in Year-End Results". Variety. 2018-02-27. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  75. ↑ Edgers, Geoff (2006-01-25). "Live Nation takes over Clear Channel's concerts". Boston.com. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  76. ↑ "History of SFX Entertainment, Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.