| Lupinus rivularis | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | Lupinus |
| Species: | L. rivularis |
| Binomial name | |
| Lupinus rivularis | |
Lupinus rivularis is a species of lupine known by the common name riverbank lupine native to North America. It is also commonly known as river lupine, streambank lupine, and stream lupine. [1]
Lupinus rivularis is found in western North America, from southern British Columbia to northern California. [2] Specifically, it is native to California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. [2] It mainly exists from coastal habitat in places such as both Olympic and Redwood National Parks, and at Point Reyes National Seashore. [3] Its development in these regions is driven by its preference for sandy, well-drained, and low nitrogenous soils, along with precipitation levels between 20 and 100 inches. [1] Additionally, this species observes optimal growth in environments with full sunlight. [1] Riverbank lupine is able to well establish a population where there is reduced competition, making it an excellent pioneer species for disturbed environments. [1]
This is a robust, erect perennial herb or subshrub growing up to about a meter tall. [1] The long taproot enables its growth in dry soil environments that are typical of disturbed botanical environments. The mostly hairless stem is thick, hollow, and reddish in color. Each alternate, palmately compound leaf is made up of 5 to 9 wide leaflets 2–4 centimetres (0.79–1.57 in) long. [3] The inflorescence is a raceme of many flowers sometimes arranged in whorls. The flower is light purple in color, often with white parts or shading. The fruit is a somewhat hairy legume pod up to 7 centimetres (2.8 in) long which turns dark as it ages. The seed pods house 6–10 seeds and are coated in sparsely distributed hairs. Riverbank lupine also has a distinct aroma that stimulates the attraction of its pollinators. [1] The bloom occurs from March to July, lasting approximately two to four weeks. [3]
In British Columbia, riverbank lupine is considered endangered due to genetic breeding with other lupine species, loss of habitat, predation, pesticide use, and a multitude of other factors. [3] However, its distribution is fairly stable throughout the rest of its range of distribution. [1]
Riverbank lupine has a range of important applications and uses, such as erosion control, food for wildlife, ornamental decorations, medicinal usage, and cover crops. [1] As a pioneer species, it is capable of mass growth, thus is ideal for renewal of sites that have undergone erosion. This is enabled through their nitrogen fixation abilities, which makes them very effective at promoting revegetation and reforestation. The seeds produced by riverbank lupine serve as a food source for many birds, while other species rely on the abundant vegetation as a site of cover. Additionally, the low alkaloid content in riverbank lupine makes it suitable for livestock grazing. The showy nature of the floral arrangement makes riverbank lupine ideal for ornamental display in certain environmental landscapes. Lastly, the Nlakaʼpamux of British Columbia reportedly utilized riverbank lupine in a variety of medicinal applications. [1]
Lupinus polyphyllus, the large-leaved lupine, big-leaved lupine, many-leaved lupine, blue-pod lupine, or, primarily in cultivation, garden lupin, is a species of lupine (lupin) native to western North America from southern Alaska and British Columbia and western Wyoming, and south to Utah and California. It commonly grows along streams and creeks, preferring moist habitats.
Lupinus arboreus, the yellow bush lupine (US) or tree lupin (UK), is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae.
Lupinus diffusus, commonly known as Oak Ridge lupine, spreading lupine, or sky-blue lupine, is a species of lupine native to the southeastern United States, from North Carolina south to Florida and west to Mississippi. It is restricted to very dry, sandy soils, often in open pine or oak woodlands.
Hibiscus moscheutos, the rose mallow, swamp rose-mallow, crimsoneyed rosemallow, or eastern rosemallow, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is a cold-hardy perennial wetland plant that can grow in large colonies. The hirsute leaves are of variable morphology, but are commonly deltoidal in shape with up to three lobes. It is found in wetlands and along the riverine systems of the eastern United States from Texas to the Atlantic states, its territory extending northward to southern Ontario.
Lupinus albus, commonly known as the white lupin or field lupine, is a member of the genus Lupinus in the family Fabaceae. It is a traditional pulse cultivated in the Mediterranean region.
The Mission blue is a blue or lycaenid butterfly subspecies native to the San Francisco Bay Area of the United States. The butterfly has been declared as endangered by the US federal government. It is a subspecies of Boisduval's blue.
Lupinus perennis is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae.
Lupinus succulentus is a species of lupine known by the common names hollowleaf annual lupine, arroyo lupine, and succulent lupine.
Lupinus bicolor is a species of lupine known as the miniature lupine, Lindley's annual lupine, pigmy-leaved lupine, or bicolor lupine.
Lupinus excubitus is a species of lupine known as the grape soda lupine. Its common name refers to its sweet scent, which is said to be very reminiscent of grape soda. This species and its variants are found in Southwestern United States, especially in California and Nevada, e.g., Death Valley and Joshua Tree National Parks, and northwestern Mexico.
Lupinus nootkatensis, the Nootka lupine, is a perennial plant of the genus Lupinus in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to North America. The Nootka lupine grows up to 60 cm tall. Late in the 18th century it was first introduced to Europe.
Lupinus albicaulis is a species of lupine known by the common name sicklekeel lupine. It is native to the western United States from Washington to California, where it grows mostly in mountain habitat. It is a hairy, erect perennial herb often exceeding a meter in height. Each palmate leaf is made up of 5 to 10 leaflets each up to 7 centimetres long. The inflorescence is up to 44 centimetres (17 in) long, bearing whorls of flowers each 1 to 1.6 centimetres long. The flower is purple to yellowish or whitish in color and has a sickle-shaped keel. The fruit is a silky-hairy legume pod up to 5 centimetres (2 in) long containing several seeds. In Oregon, where the plant is native, it has been cultivated for several uses, including reforestation and revegetation of roadsides and other disturbed habitat.
Lupinus croceus is a species of lupine known by the common names saffron-flowered lupine and Mt Eddy Lupine. It is endemic to the northernmost mountains of California, clustering in the Klamath Mountains, where it grows in generally dry, rocky habitat.
Lupinus flavoculatus is a species of lupine known by the common name yelloweyes, or yellow-eyed lupine.
Symphoricarpos albus is a species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family known by the common name common snowberry. Native to North America, it is browsed by some animals and planted for ornamental and ecological purposes, but is poisonous to humans.
Lupinus aridorum is a rare species of lupine known by the common name scrub lupine. It is endemic to Florida in the United States, where there were 10 known populations remaining in 2003. Fewer than 6000 individual plants were counted. It is threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat. The scrub lupine is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
Lupinus sericeus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name silky lupine or Pursh's silky lupine. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Arizona and east to Alberta and Colorado.
Lupinus kuschei, the Yukon lupine, is a species of flowering plant from the order Fabales which can be found in Alaska and Western Canada.
Lupinus lepidus, the Pacific lupine, prairie lupine or dwarf lupine is a perennial herbaceous plant in the pea family (Fabaceae) native to western North America.
| Authority control databases: National |
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