Malaxis monophyllos

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White adder's mouth
Malaxis monophyllos 140706.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Malaxis
Species:
M. monophyllos
Binomial name
Malaxis monophyllos
(L.) Sw.
Varieties [1]
  • M. m. var. brachypoda
  • M. m. var. monophyllos
  • M. m. var. obtusa
Synonyms [1]
List
    • Achroanthes monophyllos
    • Epipactis monophylla
    • Microstylis monophyllos
    • Ophrys monophyllos

Malaxis monophyllos, the white adder's mouth, is a terrestrial species of orchid. It is widespread across much of Europe (Germany, Italy, Poland, Scandinavia, Ukraine, etc.), [2] Asia (China, Japan, Russia, Nepal, Philippines, etc.), and much of southern Canada. [3] [4] In the United States, it grows mostly in southern Alaska, New England and the Great Lakes region, with isolated populations reported from Colorado and California. [5] [6]

Contents

Taxonomy

Malaxis monophyllos was given the scientific name Ophrys monophyllos by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The botanist Olof Swartz moved it to the genus Malaxis in 1800 giving the species its accepted name. Along with it genus it is part of the Orchidaceae family. It has three accepted varieties according to Plants of the World Online. [1]

Malaxis monophyllos has 37 synonyms of the species or one of its three varieties. [1] [7] [8] [9]

Table of Synonyms
NameYearRankSynonym of:Notes
Achroanthes acuminataRaf.1836speciessubsp. brachypoda= het., nom. nud.
Achroanthes cilifoliaRaf.1836speciessubsp. monophyllos= het., nom. nud.
Achroanthes monophyllos(L.) Greene1891speciesM. monophyllos≡ hom.
Achroanthes monophyllos f. diphyllos(Cham.) Koidz. ex Masam.1916formsubsp. monophyllos= het.
Dienia gmeliniiLindl.1830speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Epipactis monophylla(L.) F.W.Schmidt1795speciesM. monophyllos≡ hom.
Leptorkis japonica(Miq.) Kuntze1891speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Liparis inconspicuaMakino1892speciessubsp. monophyllos= het., nom. nud.
Liparis japonica(Miq.) Maxim.1886speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Malaxis arisanensis(Hayata) S.Y.Hu1974speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Malaxis brachypoda(A.Gray) Fernald1926speciessubsp. brachypoda≡ hom.
Malaxis brachypoda f. bifolia(Mousley) Fernald1950formsubsp. brachypoda= het.
Malaxis diphyllosCham.1828speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Malaxis monophyllos f. bifoliaMousley1927formsubsp. brachypoda= het.
Malaxis monophyllos subsp. brachypoda(A.Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve1969subspeciessubsp. brachypoda≡ hom.
Malaxis monophyllos var. diphyllos(Cham.) Luer1975varietysubsp. monophyllos= het.
Malaxis monophyllos f. diphyllos(Cham.) Soó1969formsubsp. monophyllos= het.
Malaxis monophyllos f. triphyllosSoó1938formsubsp. monophyllos= het.
Malaxis muscifera var. stelostachyaTang & F.T.Wang1951varietysubsp. monophyllos= het.
Malaxis taiwanianaS.S.Ying1975speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Malaxis yunnanensis(Schltr.) Tang & F.T.Wang1951speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Malaxis yunnanensis var. nematophyllaTang & F.T.Wang1951varietysubsp. monophyllos= het.
Microstylis arisanensisHayata1916speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Microstylis brachypodaA.Gray1836speciessubsp. brachypoda≡ hom.
Microstylis diphylla(Cham.) Lindl.1830speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Microstylis japonicaMiq.1866speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Microstylis monophyllos(L.) Lindl.1830speciesM. monophyllos≡ hom.
Microstylis monophyllos var. bifolia(Mousley) Marg.2007varietysubsp. brachypoda= het.
Microstylis monophyllos subsp. brachypoda(A.Gray) Szlach. & Marg.2006subspeciessubsp. brachypoda≡ hom.
Microstylis monophyllos var. diphyllos(Cham.) Nakai1952varietysubsp. monophyllos= het.
Microstylis monophyllos var. obtusa(Tsukaya & H.Okada) Marg.2007varietysubsp. obtusa≡ hom.
Microstylis muscifera var. nematophylla(Tang & F.T.Wang) Marg.2012varietysubsp. monophyllos= het.
Microstylis muscifera subsp. stelostachya(Tang & F.T.Wang) Marg.2012subspeciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Microstylis muscifera var. stelostachya(Tang & F.T.Wang) Marg.2007varietysubsp. monophyllos= het.
Microstylis yunnanensisSchltr.1912speciessubsp. monophyllos= het.
Microstylis yunnanensis var. nematophylla(Tang & F.T.Wang) Marg.2007varietysubsp. monophyllos= het.
Ophrys monophyllosL.1753speciesM. monophyllos≡ hom.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym  ; = heterotypic synonym

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 17 October 2025.
  2. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, Microstile, Malaxis monophyllos includes photos and European distribution map
  3. ↑ "Malaxis monophyllos". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  4. ↑ Chen, Xinqi; Wood, Jeffrey J. "Malaxis monophyllos". Flora of China. Vol. 25 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  5. ↑ Catling, Paul M.; Magrath, Lawrence K. (2002). "Malaxis monophyllos". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. ↑ Kartesz, John T. (2014). "Malaxis monophyllos". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP).
  7. ↑ "Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda (A.Gray) P.Morris & Eames". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 17 October 2025.
  8. ↑ "Malaxis monophyllos var. monophyllos". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 17 October 2025.
  9. ↑ "Malaxis monophyllos var. obtusa Tsukaya & H.Okada". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 17 October 2025.


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