| Maoricolpus roseus | |
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Family: | Turritellidae |
| Genus: | Maoricolpus |
| Species: | M. roseus |
| Binomial name | |
| Maoricolpus roseus | |
| Synonyms | |
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Maoricolpus rosues has a spiral cone shape shell that grows up to 87mm in length and 25mm in width. [2] Maoricolpus roseus is brownish/purple in colour with a tint of marble. [2] The protoconch of the shell has three to four tiny round sections and does not have a visible nucleus. [3] The teleoconch of the shell has about 18 whorls which forms a shape with two angles and a slightly indented middle. [3] The texture of the shell involves three thick ridges with the middle appearing first followed by the lower one, then the upper. [3] The shell is covered with very fine and coarse lines. [3] The base of the shell is flat with many strong lines and growth marks. [3]
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Maoricolpus roseus is native to New Zealand but inhabits large parts of Australian waters. It can be found off the coast of New South Wales, the Eastern coast of Victoria, Tasmania and around New Zealand. [4] It is tolerant in different temperatures and depths allowing the distribution to extend down the coast of Australia. [4] Many samples have been found at beaches in Australia such as Botany Bay in 1999 and in the D’Entrecasteuax Channel in 1935. [4]
Maoricolpus roseus can be identified into two subspecies. The Maoricolpus roseus manukauensis subspecies is only found in parts of New Zealand such as Manukau, Raglan and Kawhia Harbours. [4] These harbours are shallow and the depth that M. roseus manukaunesis is found at does not go deeper than 20 m. [4] Maoricolpus roseus roseus is found around most of New Zealand's coastlines. [4] Some locations that M. roseus has been found in New Zealand is Otago Harbour and in Tauranga. [5]
Maoricolpus roseus is often found at the benthos of the ocean. Maoricolpus roseus are found frequently in the crevices of rocks walls and sheltered pockets on more exposed reefs. [4] Maoricolpus roseus can also be found on soft sediment such as silt and gravel. [2] Maoricolpus roseus is able to tolerate at a range of temperatures. Maoricolpus roseus can tolerate minimum temperatures of 8.4°C and maximum of 20°C for adults. [6] They are able to survive depths up to 200 m but also low intertidal zones. [6]
Maoricolpus roseus can either have direct or indirect embryonic development. Direct embryonic development is where the veliger stage occurs within the egg capsule. [4] Indirect embryonic development involves a veliger larvae spending a longer time in the water which is suggested by the multispiral protoconch. [4] The egg capsule is held onto by the adults right before or just after the eggs hatch. [4] A study done on M. rosues in Otago 1969, showed that each shell stored between 100–150 egg capsules, each containing 120 embryos. However only 7–8 embryos per capsule developed into veligers and the rest were abortive. [7] It takes over a year for M. roseus to mature with the fastest growth occurring in the first two years. [6] Some planktonic veligers of M. roseus can began shell coiling and doubling in size after two weeks. [8] Growth rates are positively related to the levels of planktonic microalgae. [8] The average life span occurs around the 2–3 year mark with some isotope analysts suggest the max ages of 6–7 years. [9] Male M. roseus gonads contain active sperm from December to March, while female gonads are enlarged from November to January. [4] In New Zealand, egg capsules have been found absent in March meaning that larvae hatch around the late summer to autumn period.
Maoricolpus roseus are suspension feeders that forage for food by filtering small particles from the water column. [6] It is common that for other Turritellidae, when phytoplankton abundance levels are low, they are able to switch to a ‘deposit feeding’ system; however, it is unknown whether M. roseus can switch modes. [4] Analysis from isotopes done off species off the coast off southeast Australia, compared with organic matter and sediment reveals that the food source for M. roseus originates from lower trophic levels. [4]
Maoricolpus roseus does not have many known predators; [2] however, a study done between 1993–1996, sampled 5684 specimens of 100 different species of fish guts for analysis. From the 100 species, 17 species recorded remains of M. roseus with 6 species having frequencies of 20%. Many of the species that had recorded remains of M. roseus all had mouthparts that were strong enough to crush their prey. [4] Most predation is found to be done on juveniles. [6]
Maoricolpus roseus is believed to have dispersed from New Zealand to Tasmania and other parts of Australia in the 1920s via oyster shipments and water ballast from vessels from New Zealand. [8] Tiostrea chilensis and/or Crassostrea glomerata were shipped and imported to Tasmania to improve the local oyster industry. During the 1920s until 1930, they were held alive in crates in water to be sold at the Hobart fish market. [4] Water currents that carried planktonic larvae in the Tasman Sea travelling from west to east also is an explanation for the rapid spread of M. roseus in Australian waters. [4]
In a 2008 study conducted at the D’Entrecasteux Channel in Tasmania, researchers investigated larvae and sex ratios of M. roseus [8] . Their findings revealed that at the location, the sex ratio of 1:1 remained relatively stable. [8] Moreover, the male and female gonads were both distinctive in color and morphology indicating that M. roseus has two sexes. [8]
A veliger is the planktonic larva of many kinds of sea snails and freshwater snails, as well as most bivalve molluscs (clams) and tusk shells.
A protoconch is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called "nucleus". The protoconch may sometimes consist of several whorls, but when this is the case, the whorls show no growth lines.
Dicathais is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, the rock snails. This genus is monotypic; the only species in it is Dicathais orbita, common name the white rock shell or cart-rut shell, found round the coasts of Australia and New Zealand.
Maoricolpus, common name the "New Zealand screw shells", is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Turritellidae, the Turritella snails.
Turbinella laevigata, common name the Brazilian chank, is a species of very large sea snail with a gill and an operculum, a marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Turbinellinae of the family Turbinellidae.
Littoraria angulifera or the mangrove periwinkle is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae, the winkles.
Epidirella xanthophaes is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.
Vexillum cancellarioides, common name the cancellaria mitre, is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.
Olivella miliola is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.
Gazameda iredalei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae.
Turritella annulata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae.
Turritella carinifera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae.
Turritella torulosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae.
Vermicularia knorrii, commonly known as the Florida worm snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod in the family Turritellidae. V. knorrii has been concluded to be the junior synonym to Vermicularia lumbricalis. The shell of Florida worm snail is light brown or tan in color with an apex that is white. It is found living in reefs on the coasts of the southern states of the United States to the top of South America. V. knorri use their ciliated appendages to trap plankton and sperm.
Vermicularia spirata, common name the West Indian worm-shell or the West Indian wormsnail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Turritellidae. Juveniles can move around, but larger individuals become sessile.
Limacina retroversa is a distinct species of swimming planktonic gastropods, belonging to a group of predatory sea snails known as sea butterflies (Thecosomata). The name Limacina retroversa describes the unique morphology of this sea snail, including its slug-like body and coiled, backwards-turning shell. They are typically found in the epipelagic zone of cold, polar waters, but can be found worldwide, in any ocean. L. retroversa are currently under threat, as their numbers are decreasing due to rising global carbon levels and other human-caused climate threats.
Annachlamys flabellata is a species of scallop, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Pectinidae. It is found in the sublittoral zone of the continental shelf north of Australia.
A prodissoconch is an embryonic or larval shell which is present in the larva of a bivalve mollusk. The prodissoconch is often but not always smooth, and has no growth lines. It is sometimes still present and visible in the adult shell, if there has been no erosion of the shell in that area.
Kelletia kelletii, common name Kellet's whelk, is a species of large sea snail, a whelk, a marine gastropod mollusc in the whelk family Austrosiphonidae.
Stylocheilus striatus is a species of sea hare found in the Indo-pacific region living from the intertidal zone to a depth of 30 metres. Common names include lined sea hare, blue ring sea hare and furry sea hare. Mature animals can reach sizes of up to 65 mm in length and are brown in colour with blue spots. Their diet mainly consists of blue algae. They play an important role in controlling toxic blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula.
| Authority control databases: National |
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