Marjum Formation

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Marjum Formation
Stratigraphic range: Middle Cambrian
NotchPeakDike.JPG
Notch Peak Sill intruding into the layers of white marble and grey argillite of the Marjum Formation
Type Geological formation
Overlies Wheeler Shale
ThicknessUp to 430 meters [1]
Lithology
Primary limestone
Other shale, metasedimentary rocks
Location
RegionFlag of Utah.svg  Utah
CountryFlag of the United States.svg  USA
Extent House Range
Type section
Named forMarjum Pass [2]
Named by Charles D. Walcott
Year defined1908 [2]

The Marjum Formation is a Cambrian geological formation that overlies the Wheeler Shale in the House Range, Utah. [1] [3] It is named after its type locality, Marjum Pass, and was defined in 1908. [2] The formation is known for its occasional preservation of soft-bodied tissue, and is slightly younger than the Burgess Shale, [4] falling in the Ptychagnostus praecurrens trilobite zone. [5]

Contents

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Ambulacrarians

Ambulacrarians reported from the Marjum Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Castericystis C. valiNumerous specimens. [6] A solutan.
Castericystis (7992686207).jpg
Eldonia E. ludwigiMarjum Pass (Ptychagnostus punctuosus Zone). [7] SM X.50204.1 (part) & SM X.50204.2 (counterpart). [7] A cambroernid.
Eldonia ludwigii life restoration.jpg
Marjumicystis M. mettae7 specimens. [6] An eocrinoid.
Mastigograptus M. sp.A single specimen. [8] A mastigograptid graptolite.
Mastigograptus pepper rock (Kope Formation, Upper Ordovician; Aurora West outrop, Dearborn County, Indiana, USA) 3.jpg
Totiglobus T.? lloydiLocality 811. [9] 1 specimen (USNM 172047). [9] An edrioasteroid.

Arthropods

Arthropods reported from the Marjum Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Anomalocaris A. nathorstiSponge Gully. [10] Partial body (USNM 374593). [10] Species moved to the genus Peytoia .
Asaphiscus A. wheeleriBathyuriscus fimbriatus Subzone. [11] A ptychopariid trilobite.
Asaphiscus Wheeleri 3.jpg
Baltagnostus B. eurypyxAll subzones of the Bolaspidella Zone. [11] Multiple specimens. [11] A diplagnostid trilobite.
Bathyuriscidella B. aff. B. amplicaudaBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] 3 pygidia. [11] A dolichometopid trilobite.
Bathyuriscus B. elegansBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] Numerous specimens. [11] A dolichometopid trilobite.
B. fimbriatusBathyuriscus fimbriatus & lower Bolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] Numerous specimens. [11] A dolichometopid trilobite.
Bathyuriscus fimbriatus trilobite - Cleveland Museum of Natural History - 2014-12-26 (21103632376).jpg
Bolaspidella B. contractaBolaspidella contracta & lower Lepojyge calva Subzones. [11] A menomoniid trilobite.
B. housensisBathyuriscus fimbriatus Subzone. [11] A menomoniid trilobite.
B. jarrardiLocalities 347, 391, and 716 (mid-Bolaspidella Zone). [12] Multiple specimens. [12] A menomoniid trilobite.
Branchiocaris B. pretiosaSponge Gully. [10] [13] 3 specimens. [10] A hymenocarine.
Branchiocaris.png
Buccaspinea B. cooperiKells Knolls locality. [14] An almost complete specimen (BPM 1108). [14] A hurdiid, originally reported as Hurdia sp.
Buccaspinea cooperi, part of holotype specimen (BPM 1108a).png
Burlingia B. halgedahlaeLocalities 347 and 716 (mid-Bolaspidella Zone). [12] Multiple specimens. [12] A burlingiid trilobite.
Caryosyntrips C. camurus'Red Wash' locality. [14] 2 isolated frontal appendages. [14] A panarthropod of uncertain classification.
Caryosyntrips serratus.png
Cotalagnostus C. laevusBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] Over 50 specimens. [11] A diplagnostid trilobite.
C. sp.Bolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] A pygidium.A diplagnostid trilobite.
Dicranocaris D. guntherorumRed Wash, Modocia Flats & Sponge Gully. [13] 4 specimens. [13] An arthropod of uncertain classification.
Dytikosicula D. desmataeWest of Delta, House Range. [7] 1 specimen (SM X.50203). [7] A putative megacheiran.
Elrathia E. alapygeBolaspidella contracta & Lejopyge calva Subzones. [11] Numerous specimens. [11] A ptychopariid trilobite.
E. marjumiBathyuriscus fimbriatus & Bolaspidella contracta Subzones. [11] Numerous specimens. [11] A ptychopariid trilobite.
Emeraldella E.? sp.Red Wash. [10] Part & counterpart (KUMIP 204791). [10] An artiopod.
Emeraldella brutoni reconstruction.png
Hemirhodon H. amplipygeBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] 14 incomplete specimens. [11] A dolichometopid trilobite.
Hemirhodon amplipyge.JPG
Holteria H. problematicaMarjum Pass (Lejopyge calva Subzone). [11] A pygidium. [11] A corynexochid trilobite.
Homagnostus H. incertusBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] Multiple specimens. [11] An agnostid trilobite.
Hypagnostus H. parvifronsAll subzones of the Bolaspidella Assemblage Zone. [11] Numerous specimens. [11] A diplagnostid trilobite.
Hypagnostus parvifrons (Linnarson, 1869) - 6,8 mm.jpg
Itagnostus I. interstrictus House Range. [15] A peronopsid trilobite originally reported as Peronopsis interstricta .
Itagnostus interstrictus (White, 1874) - 8 mm 2 (cropped).jpg
Leanchoilia L.? cf. protogoniaSponge Gully. [13] Part & counterpart of a complete specimen (UU 06011.01). [13] A megacheiran.
20191027 Leanchoilia superlata.png
Lejopyge L. calvaMarjum Pass (Lejopyge calva Subzone). [11] Numerous specimens. [11] A ptychagnostid trilobite.
Linguagnostus L. perplexusBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] Over 20 specimens. [11] A diplagnostid trilobite.
Marjumia M. callasBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] A marjumiid trilobite.
M. typaBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] A marjumiid trilobite.
Modocia M. laevinuchaBathyuriscus fimbriatus & Bolaspidella contracta Subzones. [11] Many specimens. [11] A marjumiid trilobite.
M. nuchaspinaBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] A marjumiid trilobite.
M. typicalis50 or more specimens. [11] A marjumiid trilobite.
Naraoia N. compactaSponge Gully. [16] 4 specimens. [16] A naraoiid.
Naraoia compacta.jpg
Neolenus N. inflatusEast of Antelope Springs. [17] Multiple specimens & fragments. [17] A trilobite.
N. intermediusEast of Antelope Springs. [17] A trilobite.
N. intermedius pugioEast of Antelope Springs. [17] 4 specimens of a pygidium. [17] A trilobite.
N. superbusEast of Antelope Springs. [17] Multiple specimens & fragments. [17] A trilobite.
Nettapezoura N. basilikaSponge Gully. [13] An arachnomorph.
Olenoides O. decorusBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] 7 specimens. [11] A dorypygid trilobite.
O. inflatusBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] A dorypygid trilobite.
Olenoides inflatus, Late Middle Cambrian, Upper Marjum Formation, House Range, Millard County, Utah, USA - Houston Museum of Natural Science - DSC01424.JPG
O. marjumensisBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] A dorypygid trilobite.
O. pugioBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] Numerous specimens. [11] A dorypygid trilobite.
O. superbusBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] 7 specimens. [11] A dorypygid trilobite.
Olenoides superbus, Late Middle Cambrian, Upper Marjum Formation, House Range, Millard County, Utah, USA - Houston Museum of Natural Science - DSC01415.JPG
Pahvantia P. hastataPrecise localities unknown. [14] 3 specimens. [14] A hurdiid.
Pahvantia hastata specimens.png
Peronopsis P. interstricta House Range. [15] Numerous specimens. [11] Reassigned to the genus Itagnostus .
P. segmenta House Range. [15] Multiple specimens. [11] A peronopsid trilobite.
Perspicaris P.? ellipsopeltaPtychagnostus punctuosus Zone. [18] Valves & carapaces. [18] A bivalved arthropod.
Peytoia P. nathorstiSponge Gully. [10] Partial body (USNM 374593) & partial mouthpart (KUMIP 314095). [19] A hurdiid, formerly named Anomalocaris nathorsti.
20191021 Peytoia nathorsti Laggania cambria.png
Ptychagnostus P. akanthodesBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] Numerous specimens. [11] A ptychagnostid trilobite.
P. atavus House Range. [15] A ptychagnostid trilobite.
Ptychagnostus Atavus.jpg
P. hybridusBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] About 10 specimens. [11] A ptychagnostid trilobite.
P. richmondensisBathyuriscus fimbriatus Subzone. [11] Numerous specimens. [11] A ptychagnostid trilobite.
P. sp.Bolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] At least 5 pygidia.A ptychagnostid trilobite.
Trymataspis T. depressaBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] Over 30 specimens. [11] A lonchocephalid trilobite.
T. lomaleieBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] 10 cranidia. [11] A lonchocephalid trilobite.
T. pristinaBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] Over 20 cranidia. [11] A lonchocephalid trilobite.
Tuzoia T. guntheriPtychagnostus punctuosus Zone. [18] Multiple valves & carapaces. [18] [20] A hymenocarine.
Tuzoia guntheri e Olenellus gilberti.jpg
Utagnostus U. trispinulusBolaspidellacontracta & Lejopyge calva Subzones. [11] Multiple specimens. [11] An agnostid trilobite.
Utaspis U. marjumensisHouse Range & Wheeler Amphitheater. [11] A ptychopariid trilobite.
Utaspis marjumensis.jpg
Zacanthoides Z. sp.Wheeler Amphitheater (Bolaspidella contracta Subzone). [11] A cranidium. [11] A zacanthoidid trilobite.
Zacanthoides typicalis 4334.JPG

Chancelloriids

Chancelloriids reported from the Marjum Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Chancelloria C. sp.Bathyuriscus fimbriatus & Bolaspidella contracta Subzones. [11] About 20 spicules. [11] A chancelloriid.
Chancelloria (7991988514).jpg

Chordates

Chordates reported from the Marjum Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Megasiphon M. thylakos House Range. [21] One specimen (UMNH.IP.6079). [21] A tunicate.
Megasiphon.png
Nuucichthys N. rhynchocephalusHouse range. [22] One specimen (UMNH.IP.6084) [22] A basal chordate related to Metaspriggina .
Nuucichthys rhynchocephalus general views.jpg
Skeemella S. clavulaNorth of Red Wash (Ptychagnostus punctuosus Biozone). [23] 2 specimens (KUMIP 314102 & KUMIP 314103). [23] A vetulicolian.
Skeemella clavula copy.jpg

Cnidarians

Moon, Caron & Moysiuk (2023) considered these fossils would be ctenophores instead. [24]

Cnidarians reported from the Marjum Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Coronatae?IndeterminateSponge Gully. [25] 1 specimen (UU07021.05). [25] A scyphozoan jellyfish, may be referrable to the crown jellyfish family.
Cartwright et al. 2007 f9.png
Cubozoa?IndeterminateSponge Gully. [25] 2 specimens (UU07021.01 & UU07021.02). [25] Specimens possibly referrable to box jellyfish.
Cartwright et al. 2007 f10.png
Narcomedusae?IndeterminateSponge Gully. [25] 5 specimens (UU07021.03, UU07021.04, UU07021.06, UU07021.07 & UU07021.08). [25] A hydrozoan tentatively assigned to this family.
Cartwright et al. 2007 f3.png
Semaeostomeae?IndeterminateSponge Gully. [25] 2 specimens (UU07021.09 & UU07021.10). [25] A scyphozoan jellyfish tentatively assigned to this family.
Cartwright et al. 2007 f7.png

Ctenophores

Ctenophores reported from the Marjum Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Ctenorhabdotus C. campanelliformis House Range (likely from the lower Ptychagnostus punctuosus Zone). [26] 1 specimen (UMNH.IP.6125). [26] A ctenophore.
Ctenorhabdotus capulus.jpg
Thalassostaphylos T. elegans House Range (lower Ptychagnostus punctuosus Zone). [26] 1 specimen (UMNH.IP.6086). [26] A ctenophore.

Lophotrochozoans

Lophotrochozoans reported from the Marjum Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Acrothele A. subsiduaBathyuriscus-Elrathina & Bolaspidella Zones. [11] A brachiopod.
Acrothele susidua.jpg
Helcionella "H." argutaBathyuriscus fimbriatus & Bolaspidella contracta Subzones. [11] More than 100 specimens. [11] A helcionellid.
Hyolithes H. sp.All subzones of the Bolaspidella Zone. [11] More than 100 specimens. [11] A hyolith.
Hyolithes (8108159898).jpg
Lingulella L. sp.Bathyuriscus fimbriatus & Bolaspidella contracta Subzones. [11] An obolid brachiopod.
LingulellaWaptaensis-ROM-June11-10.jpg
Micromitra M. modestaMultiple specimens. [11] A paterinide brachiopod.
Estonian Museum of Natural History - Micromitra Undosa.png
Nisusia N. sulcata18 specimens. [27] A kutorginate brachiopod.
Nisusia sp Naturalis.JPG
Pegmatreta P. bellatulaBathyuriscus fimbriatus & Bolaspidella contracta Subzones. [11] Numerous specimens. [11] A brachiopod.
P. ophirensisAll subzones of the Bolaspidella Zone. [11] A brachiopod.
Pelagiella P. sp.Bolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] More than 50 internal molds. [11] A pelagiellid.
Pelagiella atlantoides.jpg
Prototreta P. attenuataBathyuriscus-Elrathina Zone & Bolaspidella Zone. [11] A brachiopod.
P. mimicaBolaspidella contracta Subzone. [11] A brachiopod.
Stenothecoides S. elongataBathyuriscus fimbriatus Subzone. [11] Over 30 valves. [11] A stenothecoid.

Scalidophorans

Scalidophorans reported from the Marjum Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Arrakiscolex A. aaseiGrey Marjum locality (Ptychagnostus punctuosus Zone). [28] Cuticle fragments. [28] A palaeoscolecid also known from the Upper Weeks Formation.
Ottoia O. prolificaSponge Gully. [5] A complete individual (KUMIP 204770). [5] Referral of the specimen to this species is insecure, better classified as O.? sp. [28] [29]
O.? sp.Sponge Gully. [28] A complete individual (KUMIP 204770). [28] A stem-priapulid, specimen formerly referred to Ottoia prolifica or Scathascolex minor. [28]
Ottoia reconstruction.jpg
Scathascolex S. minorSponge Gully. [5] A complete individual (KUMIP 204770). [5] [30] Specimen reassigned to Ottoia? sp. [28]
Selkirkia S. willoughbyiSponge Gully. [5] Tube with associated soft parts (KUMIP 204788). [5] A stem-priapulid.
Selkirkia columbia Restoration.png

Sponges

Sponges reported from the Marjum Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Choia C. carteriSponge Gulch. [31] A demosponge.
Choia carteri reconstruction.JPG
C. hindeiRed Cliffs Wash. [31] 2 specimens & 3 other fragments. [31] A demosponge.
C. utahensisSponge Gulch. [31] Several specimens. [31] A demosponge.
Diagoniella D. cyathiformisRed Cliffs Wash & Kells Knolls Gulch. [31] Numerous specimens. [31] A reticulosan.
D. hindeiSponge Gulch. [31] Approximately 40 specimens. [31] A reticulosan.
Diagoniella hindei.jpg
D. magnaKells Knolls Gulch (Bathyuriscus fimbriatus zone). [32] A fragment (USNM 535922). [32] A reticulosan.
D. sp.Sponge Gulch. [31] 2 large fragments. [31] A reticulosan.
Hamptonia H. bowerbankiRed Cliffs Wash & Sponge Gulch. [31] Multiple specimens. [31] A demosponge.
Hazelia H. palmataNear Marjum Pass. [33] One specimen. [33] A demosponge.
Estonian Museum of Natural History - Hazelia Palmata.png
Hintzespongia H. bilaminaKells Knolls Gulch (Bathyuriscus fimbriatus zone). [31] [32] Multiple specimens. [31] [32] A reticulosan.
Hexactinellida IndeterminateMiscellaneous spicules. [11] Indeterminate glass sponges, originally reported as Hyalospongiae (now a junior synonym).
Kiwetinokia Drum Mountains. [31] 4 large slabs. [31] A reticulosan.
Leptomitus L. mettaRed Cliffs Wash locality. [31] 22 specimens. [31] A demosponge.
Polygoniella P. turrelliHouse Range [34] Around 200 specimens [34] A glass sponge
Restoration of Polygoniella.jpg
Protospongia P.? elongataSponge Gulch. [31] 1 specimen. [31] A reticulosan.
Testiispongia T. venulaSponge Gulch. [31] Several specimens. [31] A glass sponge.
Valospongia V. gigantisSponge Gulch. [31] A reticulosan.
V.? gigantusKells Knolls Gulch (Bathyuriscus fimbriatus zone). [32] A fragment (USNM 535917). [32] A reticulosan.

See also

References

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