Marshallia

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Barbara's buttons
Marshallia trinervia kz3.jpg
Marshallia trinervia
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Marshallia

Schreb. 1791 not J.F.Gmel. 1791 (Salicaceae) [2]
Synonyms [1]

Marshallia is a genus of plants in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family. [3] [4] Marshallia is native to the southeastern and south-central United States. [5] A common name applied to most species in the genus is Barbara's buttons.

Contents

Description

Marshallia is found in open habitats, such as roadsides, bogs, or open woodlands dominated by pines. Several species are associated with wetlands. [6]

The typical blooming period is late spring (May) and early summer (June or early July). The small white-to-pinkish flowers occur in large, compact, spherical heads Marshallia are very attractive to pollinating insects, including butterflies and various beetles, such as flower chafers of the genus Euphoria . [7]

Species [1] [8]

Conservation

One species in the genus, Marshallia grandiflora (Appalachian Barbara's buttons) is extinct, having been wiped out in the early 20th century. It was formerly considered conspecific with Marshallia pulchra (Beautiful Barbara's buttons or Monongahela Barbara's buttons), which is endangered in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee, and has been extirpated in Maryland. That species is found in bogs and scoured riverbanks, and requires periodic flooding to maintain open habitat. [16] Marshallia obovata (Spoonshape Barbara's buttons or Piedmont Barbara's buttons), is listed as endangered in Florida and threatened in Tennessee. [17]

Etymology

The genus name was given by the botanist Schreber (in Genera Plantarum, 1791) to honor the Marshall family, uncle Humphry and nephew Moses, of Pennsylvania. They were botanists of the American colonial period, and cousins of the famous botanists and explorers John and William Bartram.

The origin of the common name "Barbara's buttons" is unknown. The flower heads do resemble buttons, but botanical references giving this name do not quote the Barbara which the name honors (Rickett 1975). The reference is possibly to Saint Barbara, though the association is obscure. Saint Barbara had long hair, and is also associated with lightning—perhaps the individual flowers resemble lightning bolts, or the whole head of flowers resembles Saint Barbara's long locks (Coin 2005). This common name was not, at any rate, widespread in the 19th century. It was not used in Southern Wildflowers and Trees (1901) or Plant Life Of Alabama (1901). The botanist B.W. Wells, in Natural Gardens of North Carolina (1932), called the plants "loudspeakers", referring to the megaphone shape of the individual flowers. The first printed use of the name "Barbara's buttons" is in Small's Manual of the Southeastern Flora (1933).

Related Research Articles

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<i>Uvularia grandiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Marshallia mohrii</i> Species of flowering plant

Marshallia mohrii is a perennial herb species, endemic to the Southeastern United States, in several locations in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. The first recorded discovery of the species was in 1882 by Dr. Charles Mohr, hence the botanical species name and common name.

<i>Packera anonyma</i> Species of flowering plant

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Pityopsis

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<i>Marshallia grandiflora</i> Extinct species of flowering plant

Marshallia grandiflora, the Appalachian Barbara's buttons, is an extinct species of flowering plant in the genus Marshallia within the sunflower family. It was endemic to the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina in the Eastern United States, in Henderson and Polk counties. It was found primarily along gravelly and sandy bars along high-gradient rivers, and was presumably wiped out due to changes in this restricted habitat. It was last sighted in 1919.

<i>Polypremum</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Polygala nana</i> Species of flowering plant

Polygala nana, commonly known as candyroot or low bachelors' buttons, is a small herbaceous plant native to the southeastern United States. The root has a sweet liquorice flavor when it is chewed, but it is usually hidden underground until the plant flowers. The seeds of candyroot are dispersed by ants.

<i>Oxypolis rigidior</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Potentilla simplex</i> Species of flowering plant

Potentilla simplex, also known as common cinquefoil or old-field five-fingers or oldfield cinquefoil, is a perennial herb in the Rosaceae (rose) family native to eastern North America from Ontario, Quebec, and Labrador south to Texas, Alabama, and panhandle Florida.

<i>Aureolaria pedicularia</i> Species of flowering plant

Aureolaria pedicularia, the fernleaf yellow false foxglove, fern-leaved false foxglove, or fernleaf false foxglove, is a parasitic plant of the family Orobanchaceae. Aureolaria pedicularia is native to parts of the eastern US, the Midwest, and adjacent Canada. This plant is known for its distinct leaf shape and overall plant size. The common names for Aureolaria pedicularia come from its fern-like leaves.

<i>Marshallia graminifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Marshallia graminifolia is a perennial herb species, endemic to the coastal plains of the Southern United States, where it often grows in bogs and in sunny locations. Like all species in the genus Marshallia, it has the common name Barbara's buttons, and is specifically known as grassleaf Barbara's buttons.

Marshallia obovata Species of flowering plant

Marshallia obovata, also known as spoonshape Barbara's buttons and Piedmont Barbara's buttons is a flowering plant species in the Aster family. It is endemic to the Southern United States, especially in the state of North Carolina.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-06 at archive.today
  2. Tropicos search for Marshallia
  3. Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von. 1791. Genera Plantarum 2: 810
  4. Tropicos, Marshallia Schreb.
  5. USDA
  6. Flora of North America, Vol. 21 Page 456, Marshallia Schreber, Gen. Pl. 2: 810. 1791.
  7. Coin, Patrick (2005). Marshallia – beetle magnet. New Hope Audubon Society Newsletter 31 (3): 2. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: New Hope Audubon Society.
  8. Biota of North America PRogram 2013 county distribution maps
  9. Tropicos, Persoonia angustifolia Michx.
  10. USDA Plants Profile for Marshallia caespitosa (puffballs)
  11. USDA Plants Profile for Marshallia graminifolia (grassleaf Barbara's buttons)
  12. 1 2 USDA Plants Profile for Marshallia grandiflora (Monongahela Barbara's buttons)
  13. 1 2 Knapp, Wesley M.; Poindexter, Derick B.; Weakley, Alan S. (2020-06-04). "The true identity of Marshallia grandiflora , an extinct species, and the description of Marshallia pulchra (Asteraceae, Helenieae, Marshalliinae)". Phytotaxa. 447 (1): 1–15. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.447.1.1 . ISSN   1179-3163.
  14. 1 2 "Newly Discovered Wetland Flower in North Carolina Already Extinct". Center for Biological Diversity. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  15. USDA Plants Profile for Marshallia mohrii (Mohr's Barbara's buttons)
  16. "Newly Discovered Wetland Flower in North Carolina Already Extinct". Center for Biological Diversity. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  17. (Center for Plant Conservation, USDA Plants)