Muhlenbergia frondosa

Last updated

Muhlenbergia frondosa
Muhlenbergia frondosa HC-1950.png
Illustration of Muhlenbergia frondosa
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Muhlenbergia
Species:
M. frondosa
Binomial name
Muhlenbergia frondosa
(Poir.) Fernald

Muhlenbergia frondosa is a species of plants in the genus Muhlenbergia and a member of the grass family. Its common name is Common satin grass [1] or Wirestem muhly. [2] It is informally grouped with other satin grasses, which are other species in Muhlenbergia. It is a warm-season C4-photosynthetic grass. [3]

Contents

Taxonomy

Muhlenbergia frondosa is a member of the genus Muhlenbergia . It is a flowering plant, monocot, and a member of the grass family Poaceae.

The genus Muhlenbergia was named after the German-educated Lutheran minister and botanist Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg, who classified and named 150 species of plants in his 1785 work Index Flora Lancastriensis. [4]

Synonyms of M. frondosa include Agrostis frondosa Poir. and Muhlenbergia commutata (Scribn.) Bush.

Description

This is a perennial grass growing about 1.5–3.5 feet (0.5–1.1 m), forming short, lateral branches along the central culm. It usually sprawls across the ground or onto neighboring vegetation.

It has a yellow bloom, which in Texas, occurs from March to May. [4] In Illinois, however, the blooming period occurs during late summer to autumn, lasting around 1-3 weeks for one colony of plants. The florets are cross-pollinated by the wind. [1]

Florets drop individually leaving behind the glumes. The fruit (grains) are 1.6-1.9 mm long, from amber to brown. [5]

Distribution

Muhlenbergia frondosa occurs in most of the central and eastern United States. [4] It naturally inhabits moist to wet forest margins and openings, freshwater littoral habitats, and grasslands. It is invasive in some parts of Canada. [3]

Ecology

According to Illinois Wildflowers, M. frondosa is associated with a variety of animals that feed on or use it as refuge. It is preyed on by insects from dipterans to true bugs. Larvae of a gall fly, Astictoneura agrostis , form scaly galls on this plant. Other larvae that feed on this grass include that of gall wasp ( Eurytomocharis muhlenbergiae ), grass fly (Homaluroides ingratus), and stink bug ( Hymenarcys nervosa ). Adult insects feeding on the grass include leafhoppers ( Plesiommata tripunctata and Flexamia imputans ), and aphids (Schizaphis muhlenbergia and Anoecia cornicola). Additionally, the seeds are probably eaten by birds, and the grass is grazed by cattle and other ungulates. M. frondosa grows in dense clusters, which provide cover for small fauna such as rodents, reptiles, and arthropods. [1]

Management

This grass can be weedy and invasive. [2] It can infest crops of corn and soybean reducing yields in southern Canada and the Midwest to Northeastern United States. It is comparatively shade tolerant, can regrow from rhizomes, and produces abundant seeds. However it is controllable with herbicides, best timed for active growth stages 10–30 centimetres (3.9–11.8 in) [3]

Though it can spread to places where it is unwanted, it is not very aggressive and is slow to develop. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Silphium laciniatum</i> Species of flowering plant

Silphium laciniatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known commonly as compassplant or compass plant. It is native to North America, where it occurs in Ontario in Canada and the eastern and central United States as far west as New Mexico. Other common names include prairie compass plant, pilotweed, polarplant, gum weed, cut-leaf silphium, and turpentine plant. It is a rosinweed of genus Silphium.

<i>Bidens frondosa</i> North American species of flowering plant

Bidens frondosa is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and Mexico It is known in many other parts of the world as an introduced species, including Europe, Asia, Morocco, and New Zealand. Its many common names include devil's beggarticks, devil's-pitchfork, devil's bootjack, sticktights, bur marigold, pitchfork weed, tickseed sunflower, leafy beggarticks, and common beggar-ticks.

<i>Muhlenbergia schreberi</i> Species of flowering plant

Muhlenbergia schreberi, the nimblewill, is a grass species in the family Poaceae native to North America.

<i>Cotinis nitida</i> Species of beetle

Cotinis nitida, commonly known as the green June beetle, June bug or June beetle, is a beetle of the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in the eastern United States and Canada, where it is most abundant in the South. It is sometimes confused with the related southwestern species figeater beetle Cotinis mutabilis, which is less destructive.

<i>Muhlenbergia</i> Genus of plants

Muhlenbergia is a genus of plants in the grass family.

<i>Anguina agrostis</i> Species of roundworm

Anguina agrostis is a plant pathogenic nematode.

<i>Solidago nemoralis</i> Species of plant

Solidago nemoralis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to North America, where it is widely found in Canada and the United States. Its common names include gray goldenrod, gray-stem goldenrod, old-field goldenrod, field goldenrod, prairie goldenrod, dwarf goldenrod, and dyersweed goldenrod.

<i>Muhlenbergia mexicana</i> Species of grass

Muhlenbergia mexicana, known by the common names Mexican muhly and wirestem muhly, is a species of grass. It is native to North America, including most of the United States and southern Canada. It actually does not occur in Mexico.

<i>Muhlenbergia porteri</i> Species of flowering plant

Muhlenbergia porteri is a species of grass known by the common names bush muhly and Porter's muhly.

<i>Muhlenbergia richardsonis</i> Species of flowering plant

Muhlenbergia richardsonis, known by the common name mat muhly, is a species of grass. It is native to North America, where it can be found throughout much of Canada, Alaska, the western half of the contiguous United States through California, and in Baja California, Mexico.

<i>Muhlenbergia cuspidata</i> Species of flowering plant

Muhlenbergia cuspidata is a species of grass known by the common name plains muhly. It is native to North America where it is distributed across central Canada and the central United States.

<i>Muhlenbergia glomerata</i> Species of grass

Muhlenbergia glomerata is a species of grass known as spiked muhly and marsh muhly. It is native to North America, where it occurs across Canada and the northern half of the United States.

<i>Muhlenbergia racemosa</i> Species of grass

Muhlenbergia racemosa is a species of grass known by the common names green muhly and marsh muhly. It is native to North America, where it is most common in the north-central United States. It also occurs in the western United States and northern Mexico.

<i>Hilaria mutica</i> Grass species

Hilaria mutica, synonym Pleuraphis mutica, is a species of grass known by the common name tobosa, or tobosa grass. It is native to Northern Mexico, and the Southwestern United States, in Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.

<i>Muhlenbergia torreyana</i> Species of grass

Muhlenbergia torreyana is a species of grass known by the common names New Jersey muhly, Torrey's muhly, and Torrey's dropseed. It is native to the eastern United States, where today it occurs in Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Tennessee. It has been extirpated from Delaware, Georgia, and New York.

<i>Muhlenbergia capillaris</i> Species of plant

Muhlenbergia capillaris, commonly known as the hairawn muhly, is a perennial sedge-like plant that grows to be about 30–90 cm (0.98–2.95 ft) tall and 60–90 cm (2.0–3.0 ft) wide. The plant includes a double layer; green, leaf-like structures surround the understory, and purple-pink flowers outgrow them from the bottom up. The plant is a warm-season grass, meaning that leaves begin growth in the summer. During the summer, the leaves stay green, but they morph during the fall to produce a more copper color. The seasonal changes also include the flowers, as they grow out during the fall and stay healthy till the end of autumn. The muhly grows along the border of roads and on plain prairies. The grass clumps into herds, causing bush-like establishments in the area the hairawn muhly inhabits. The flowers are very feathery and add a cloudlike appearance to the top of the grass. It is native to eastern North America and can be used for a multitude of purposes, including ornamental gardening and farming. It was voted 2012 plant of the year by the Garden Club of America.

<i>Muhlenbergia lindheimeri</i> Species of flowering plant

Muhlenbergia lindheimeri is a species of bunch grass, 3-6' H, known by the common names big muhly, blue muhly, and Lindheimer's muhly. It is native to North America, where it can be found in northern Mexico and up to the Edwards Plateau region of Texas. It is also grown as an ornamental grass. as it is useful as a green screen, erosion control, water retention and nest material for many species of birds

<i>Senecio minimus</i> Species of plant

Senecio minimus, commonly known as toothed fireweed and coastal burnweed, is a species of plant in the sunflower family. It is native to Australia and New Zealand, and also naturalized on the Pacific Coast of the United States.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Common Satin Grass (Muhlenbergia frondosa)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
  2. 1 2 "Plants Profile for Muhlenbergia frondosa (wirestem muhly)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
  3. 1 2 3 Darbyshire, Stephen J.; Francis, Ardath; Crompton, Clifford W.; Swanton, Clarence J. (2011). "The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 145. Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fernald". Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 91 (1): 205–219. doi:10.1139/CJPS10118. ISSN   0008-4220.
  4. 1 2 3 "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
  5. "Muhlenbergia frondosa (Wirestem Muhly): Minnesota Wildflowers". www.minnesotawildflowers.info. Retrieved 2020-01-24.

Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Muhlenbergia frondosa at Wikispecies