Nanxiong Formation

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Nanxiong Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
66.7  Ma
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Type Geological formation
Underlies Shanghu Formation
Overlies Jurassic granite basement, Changba Formation (Nanxiong Group)
Thickness~300 m (980 ft)
Several kilometers (Nanxiong Group)
Lithology
Primary Sandstone, siltstone, mudstone
Other Limestone, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates 23°30′N114°54′E / 23.5°N 114.9°E / 23.5; 114.9
Approximate paleocoordinates 23°48′N110°30′E / 23.8°N 110.5°E / 23.8; 110.5
Region Guangdong Province
CountryFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Extent Nanxiong Basin
China edcp relief location map.jpg
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Nanxiong Formation (China)
China Guangdong rel location map.svg
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Nanxiong Formation (Guangdong)

The Nanxiong Formation (also known as Yuanpu Formation) is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in Guangdong Province. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Contents

Description

It consists of continental siliciclastic red beds, with fauna which similar to that of the Nemegt Formation. It has been dated to about 66.7 ± 0.3 million years ago. [1] It is the lowest unit of the Nanxiong Basin, a small graben created during Mesozoic rifting. [2] Buck et al. state that it overlies Jurassic granite basement, and is conformably overlain by the Shanghu Formation. [1] Alternative stratigraphic schemes for the Nanxiong basin have been proposed, [3] one of which refers to the Nanxiong succession as the Nanxiong Group, and dividing it into the Yuanfu, Zhutian and Zhenshui formations, and overlying the Albian to Turonian Changba Formation. [4]

Paleobiota of the Nanxiong Formation

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Crocodilians

Crocodilians
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Jiangxisuchus [5] J. nankangensisNearly complete skull and mandibleA crocodyloid

Lizards

Lizards
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Chianghsia [6] C. nankangensisA partial skull and lower jawsA monstersaurian lizard
Tianyusaurus [7] T. zhengiA skull, mandible, first eight cervical vertebrae and nearly complete pectoral girdlesA polyglyphanodontian lizard, also known from the Qiupa Formation
Tianyusaurus.jpg

Turtles

Turtles
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Jiangxichelys [8] J. ganzhouensisA complete shellA nanhsiungchelyid turtle
Nanhsiungchelys [9] N. wuchingensisA partial skeletonA nanhsiungchelyid turtle [10]
Oolithes [11] [10] O. elongatus, O. nanhsiungensis, O. rugustus and O. spheroides.Egg and egg clutches. Some of these were probably laid by Nanhsiungchelys. [11] [10] Turtle and/or theropod eggs
Oolithes spheroides (Senckenberg).jpg

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians

Hadrosaurs
Hadrosaurs of the Nanxiong Formation
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Microhadrosaurus [11] M. nanshiungensisPartial lower jaw from a juvenile that was about 2.6 m longA nomen dubium hadrosaur taxon. [4]
Hadrosauropodus isp. [4] IndeterminateThree-toed footprints [4] A hadrosaur

Sauropods

Sauropods of the Nanxiong Formation
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Gannansaurus [12] G. sinensisA single, nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebraA sauropod closely related to Euhelopus
GannanosaurusScale.png
Jiangxititan [13] J. ganzhouensisThe three posteriormost cervical vertebrae with two cervical ribs, articulated with the first four dorsal vertebrae with three dorsal ribsA somphospondylan of controversial affinities; originally described as a derived lognkosaurian titanosaur, later analyses recovered a more basal, non-titanosaurian position more likely. [14]
Jiangxititan UDL.png

Theropods

Oviraptorosaurs
Oviraptorosaurs of the Nanxiong Formation
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Banji [15] B. longNearly complete skull and lower jawAn oviraptorid
Banji long.jpg
Corythoraptor [16] C. jacobsiNearly complete skeleton including the skull and lower jawAn oviraptorid with a distinct cassowary-like crest
Corythoraptor Restoration.png
Elongatoolithidae indet.IndeterminateThree eggs with embryonic remains. [17] Oviraptorid eggs
Nanxiong Formation oviraptorid eggs (IVPP V2018).png
Ganzhousaurus [18] G. nankangensisLower jaw, leg bone, hip bone and caudal vertebraeA transitional oviraptorid with both basal and derived traits
Ganzhousaurus.jpg
Huanansaurus [19] H. ganzhouensisNearly complete skull, lower jaws, neck vertebrae, a humerus, arm fragments, lower part of the right thighbone, the upper part of the right shinbone, and parts of the right footAn oviraptorid
Huanansaurus restoration.jpg
Jiangxisaurus [20] J. ganzhouensisIncomplete skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, nearly complete pectoral girdle, the left forelimb, ribs, and a partially preserved pelvic girdleAn oviraptorid
Jiangxisaurus.jpg
Macroolithus IndeterminateFive egg clutches containing over 60 eggs. [21] Oviraptorid eggs
Nanxiong Formation egg clutches.png
IndeterminateThree eggs with embryonic remains. [22] Oviraptorid eggs Oviraptorid eggs (SMNH-20140105).png
M. yaotunensisTwo eggs with embryonic remains. [23] Oviraptorid eggs. Skeletal proportions resemble Heyuannia huangi
M. yaotunensisA nest of 24 eggs associated with an adult oviraptorid. [24] Oviraptorid eggs
Nankangia [25] N. jiangxiensisA partial lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a nearly complete right humerus, pubic bones, and some dorsal ribsAn oviraptorid
Nankangia Restoration.jpg

Oviraptoridae indet.

IndeterminateA female individual preserving the pelvic girdle, some caudals and two eggs inside the abdominal cavity. [26] A pregnant oviraptorid
IndeterminateA nesting adult over a nest of eggs, preserving cervical vertebrae, arms and the pelvic region. [24] An oviraptorid that represents the fifth nesting taxon
IndeterminateA female individual preserving a partial pelvic girdle, hindlimbs and some caudals with two eggs associated near the pelvic region. [27] A pregnant oviraptorid
Shixinggia [28] S. oblitaSparse postcranial remains lacking the skullAn oviraptorid
Tongtianlong [29] T. limosusAlmost complete skeleton, portions of the arms, right leg, and tail were destroyed by TNT blastsAn oviraptorid, the pose indicates that it may have died trying to free itself from mud
Tongtianlong-5.jpg


Therizinosaurs
Therizinosaurs of the Nanxiong Formation
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Nanshiungosaurus N. brevispinusEleven cervical vertebrae, ten dorsal vertebrae, six sacral vertebrae and the pelvis. [11] [30] A therizinosaurid
Nanshiungosaurus Restoration.png
Tyrannosaurs
Tyrannosaurs of the Nanxiong Formation
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Asiatyrannus [31] A. xuiA skull, partial legs, and fragmentary caudal vertebraeA small-bodied tyrannosaurine
Asiatyrannus xui.png
Qianzhousaurus [32] Q. sinensisA skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a left femur and a left tibiaA tyrannosaurid, could represent a third species of Alioramus [33]
Qianzhousaurus sinensis by PaleoGeek.png

Tyrannosauridae indet.

IndeterminateTwo isolated teeth. [11] A tyrannosaurid
IndeterminateLarge and well-preserved tooth. [34] A tyrannosaurid
Other Theropods
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages

Theropoda indet.

IndeterminateA maxillary tooth that differs from tyrannosaurid and carcharodontosaurid dentition. [34] A notably large theropod
IndeterminateIsolated dorsal vertebra. [11] A theropod

See also

Related Research Articles

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Heyuannia is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous epoch, in what is now China and Mongolia. It was the first oviraptorid found in China; most others were found in neighbouring Mongolia. Two species are known: H. huangi, named by Lü Junchang in 2002 from the Dalangshan Formation; and H. yanshini, originally named as a separate genus Ingenia from the Barun Goyot Formation by Rinchen Barsbold in 1981, and later renamed to Ajancingenia in 2013 due to the preoccupation of Ingenia. The latter name was eventually discarded due to various ethical issues surrounding the author.

<i>Nanshiungosaurus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Nanshiungosaurus is a genus of therizinosaurid that lived in what is now Asia during the Late Cretaceous of South China. The type species, Nanshiungosaurus brevispinus, was first discovered in 1974 and described in 1979 by Dong Zhiming. It is represented by a single specimen preserving most of the cervical and dorsal vertebrae with the pelvis. A supposed and unlikely second species, "Nanshiungosaurus" bohlini, was found in 1992 and described in 1997. It is also represented by vertebrae but this species however, differs in geological age and lacks authentic characteristics compared to the type, making its affinity to the genus unsupported.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caenagnathidae</span> Extinct family of dinosaurs

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<i>Banji</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

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<i>Macroolithus</i> Oogenus of dinosaur egg

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qiupa Formation</span>

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<i>Gannansaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Gannansaurus is an extinct genus of somphospondylan sauropod dinosaur known from the latest Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation of Ganzhou Basin, Jiangxi Province of southern China. It is known from specimen GMNH F10001 which consists of a single, nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebra. Gannansaurus was first named by Lü Junchang, Yi Laiping, Zhong Hui and Wei Xuefang in 2013 and the type species is Gannansaurus sinensis. Gannansaurus shares some characters with Euhelopus, indicating that it is more closely related to it rather than to other titanosauriforms.

<i>Jiangxisaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

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<i>Nankangia</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Nankangia is an extinct genus of caenagnathoid oviraptorosaurian dinosaur known from the Upper Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation of Nankang County, Ganzhou City of Jiangxi Province, southeastern China. It contains a single species, Nankangia jiangxiensis. N. jiangxiensis coexisted with at least four other caenagnathoids, including but not limited to Corythoraptor, Banji, Ganzhousaurus and Jiangxisaurus. The relatively short dentary and non-downturned mandibular symphysis of Nankangia suggest that it may have been more herbivorous than carnivorous. Its diet consisted of leaves and seeds.

<i>Qianzhousaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Qianzhousaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous period. There is currently only one species named, the type species Qianzhousaurus sinensis, which is a member of the tribe Alioramini and most closely related to Alioramus, the only other known alioramin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of oviraptorosaur research</span>

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<i>Huanansaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Huanansaurus is an extinct genus of oviraptorid dinosaur that lived approximately 72 million years ago, between the Campanian and Maastrichtian, during the latter part of the Cretaceous period in what is now China, in the Nanxiong Formation.

<i>Tongtianlong</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Tongtianlong is a genus of oviraptorid theropod dinosaurs that lived in the late Maastrichtian epoch of the late Cretaceous period. It contains one species, T. limosus.

Lü Junchang was a Chinese palaeontologist and professor at the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. An expert on Mesozoic reptiles, he described and named dozens of dinosaur and pterosaur taxa including Tongtianlong, Qianzhousaurus, Heyuannia, Gannansaurus, Yunnanosaurus youngi, and Darwinopterus.

<i>Asiatyrannus</i> Genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs

Asiatyrannus is an extinct genus of tyrannosaurine theropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation of China. The genus contains a single species, A. xui, known from a single specimen consisting of a skull and partial postcranial skeleton. Asiatyrannus is notable for its deep-snouted skull and small body size, in contrast to the gracile snout and larger size of the contemporary Qianzhousaurus. It represents the southernmost record of an Asian tyrannosaurid.

References

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  32. ↑ Lü, Junchang; Yi, Laiping; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Yang, Ling; Li, Hua; Chen, Liu (2014). "A new clade of Asian Late Cretaceous long-snouted tyrannosaurids". Nature Communications. 5: 3788. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.3788L. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4788 . PMID   24807588.
  33. ↑ Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. (2017). "A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system". Scientific Reports. 7: 44942. Bibcode:2017NatSR...744942C. doi:10.1038/srep44942. PMC   5372470 . PMID   28358353.
  34. 1 2 Mo, J.-Y.; Xu, X. (2015). "Large theropod teeth from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi, southern China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 53 (1): 63−72.
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