Nanxiong Formation

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Nanxiong Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
66.7  Ma
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Type Geological formation
Underlies Shanghu Formation
Overlies Jurassic granite basement, Changba Formation (Nanxiong Group)
Thickness~300 m (980 ft)
Several kilometers (Nanxiong Group)
Lithology
Primary Sandstone, siltstone, mudstone
Other Limestone, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates 23°30′N114°54′E / 23.5°N 114.9°E / 23.5; 114.9
Approximate paleocoordinates 23°48′N110°30′E / 23.8°N 110.5°E / 23.8; 110.5
Region Guangdong Province
CountryFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Extent Nanxiong Basin
China edcp relief location map.jpg
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Nanxiong Formation (China)
China Guangdong location map.svg
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Nanxiong Formation (Guangdong)

The Nanxiong Formation (also known as Yuanpu Formation) is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in Guangdong Province. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Contents

Description

It consists of continental siliciclastic red beds, with fauna which similar to that of the Nemegt Formation. It has been dated about 66.7 ± 0.3 million years ago. [1] It is the lowest unit of the Nanxiong Basin, a small graben created during Mesozoic rifting. [2] Buck et al. state that it overlies Jurassic granite basement, and is conformably overlain by the Shanghu Formation. [1] Alternative stratigraphic schemes for the Nanxiong basin have been proposed, [3] one of which refers to the Nanxiong succession as the Nanxiong Group, and dividing it into the Yuanfu, Zhutian and Zhenshui formations, and overlying the Albian to Turonian Changba Formation. [4]

Paleobiota of the Nanxiong Formation

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Crocodilians

Crocodilians
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Jiangxisuchus [5] J. nankangensisNearly complete skull and mandibleA crocodyloid

Lizards

Lizards
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Chianghsia [6] C. nankangensisA partial skull and lower jawsA monstersaurian lizard
Tianyusaurus [7] T. zhengiA skull, mandible, first eight cervical vertebrae and nearly complete pectoral girdlesA polyglyphanodontian lizard, also known from the Qiupa Formation
Tianyusaurus.jpg

Turtles

Turtles
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Jiangxichelys [8] J. ganzhouensisA complete shellA nanhsiungchelyid turtle
Nanhsiungchelys [9] N. wuchingensisA partial skeletonA nanhsiungchelyid turtle [10]
Oolithes [11] [10] O. elongatus, O. nanhsiungensis, O. rugustus and O. spheroides.Egg and egg clutches. Some of these were probably laid by Nanhsiungchelys. [11] [10] Turtle and/or theropod eggs.
Oolithes spheroides (Senckenberg).jpg

Dinosaurs

GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages

Theropoda indet.

IndeterminateA maxillary tooth that differs from tyrannosaurid and carcharodontosaurid dentition. [12] A notably large theropod.
IndeterminateIsolated dorsal vertebra. [11] A theropod.

Hadrosaurs

Hadrosaurs
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Microhadrosaurus [11] M. nanshiungensisPartial lower jaw from a juvenile that was about 2.6 m longA nomen dubium hadrosaur taxon. [4]
Hadrosauropodus isp. [4] IndeterminateThree-toed footprints [4] A hadrosaur

Oviraptorosaurs

Oviraptorosaurs
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Banji [13] B. longNearly complete skull and lower jawAn oviraptorid
Banji long.jpg
Corythoraptor [14] C. jacobsiNearly complete skeleton including the skull and lower jawAn oviraptorid with a distinct cassowary-like crest
Corythoraptor Restoration.png
Elongatoolithidae indet.IndeterminateThree eggs with embryonic remains. [15] Oviraptorid eggs.
Nanxiong Formation oviraptorid eggs (IVPP V2018).png
Ganzhousaurus [16] G. nankangensisLower jaw, leg bone, hip bone and caudal vertebraeA transitional oviraptorid with both basal and derived traits
Ganzhousaurus.jpg
Huanansaurus [17] H. ganzhouensisNearly complete skull, lower jaws, neck vertebrae, a humerus, arm fragments, lower part of the right thighbone, the upper part of the right shinbone, and parts of the right footAn oviraptorid
Huanansaurus restoration.jpg
Jiangxisaurus [18] J. ganzhouensisIncomplete skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, nearly complete pectoral girdle, the left forelimb, ribs, and a partially preserved pelvic girdleAn oviraptorid
Jiangxisaurus.jpg
Macroolithus IndeterminateFive egg clutches containing over 60 eggs. [19] Oviraptorid eggs
Nanxiong Formation egg clutches.png
IndeterminateThree eggs with embryonic remains. [20] Oviraptorid eggs Oviraptorid eggs (SMNH-20140105).png
M. yaotunensisTwo eggs with embryonic remains. [21] Oviraptorid eggs. Skeletal proportions resemble Heyuannia huangi
M. yaotunensisA nest of 24 eggs associated with an adult oviraptorid. [22] Oviraptorid eggs
Nankangia [23] N. jiangxiensisA partial lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a nearly complete right humerus, pubic bones, and some dorsal ribsAn oviraptorid
Nankangia Restoration.jpg

Oviraptoridae indet.

IndeterminateA female individual preserving the pelvic girdle, some caudals and two eggs inside the abdominal cavity. [24] A pregnant oviraptorid
IndeterminateA nesting adult over a nest of eggs, preserving cervical vertebrae, arms and the pelvic region. [22] An oviraptorid that represents the fifth nesting taxon.
IndeterminateA female individual preserving a partial pelvic girdle, hindlimbs and some caudals with two eggs associated near the pelvic region. [25] A pregnant oviraptorid.
Shixinggia [26] S. oblitaSparse postcranial remains lacking the skullAn oviraptorid
Tongtianlong [27] T. limosusAlmost complete skeleton, portions of the arms, right leg, and tail were destroyed by TNT blastsAn oviraptorid, the pose indicates that it may have died trying to free itself from mud
Tongtianlong-5.jpg

Sauropods

Sauropods
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Gannansaurus [28] G. sinensisA single, nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebraA sauropod closely related to Euhelopus
Jiangxititan [29] J. ganzhouensisThe three posteriormost cervical vertebrae with two cervical ribs, articulated with the first four dorsal vertebrae with three dorsal ribsA derived lognkosaurian likely closely related to Mongolosaurus , but not the coeval Gannansaurus

Therizinosaurids

Therizinosaurids
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Nanshiungosaurus N. brevispinusEleven cervical vertebrae, ten dorsal vertebrae, six sacral vertebrae and the pelvis. [11] [30] A therizinosaurid.
Nanshiungosaurus Restoration.png

Tyrannosaurids

Tyrannosaurids
GenusSpeciesMaterialNotesImages
Qianzhousaurus [31] Q. sinensisA skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a left femur and a left tibiaA tyrannosaurid, could represent a third species of Alioramus [32]
Qianzhousaurus sinensis by PaleoGeek.png

Tyrannosauridae indet.

IndeterminateTwo isolated teeth. [11] A tyrannosaurid.
IndeterminateLarge and well-preserved tooth. [12] A tyrannosaurid.

See also

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References

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  2. ↑ Lucas, Spencer G.; Kirkland, James I.; Estep, John W. (1998). "Vertebrate biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Cretaceous of China". Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems: Bulletin 14. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. p. 14.
  3. ↑ Yan, Yi; Xia, Bin; Lin, Ge; Cui, Xuejun; Hu, Xiaoqiong; Yan, Pin; Zhang, Faqiang (April 2007). "Geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks from the Nanxiong Basin, South China and implications for provenance, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate at the K/T boundary" (PDF). Sedimentary Geology. 197 (1–2): 127–140. Bibcode:2007SedG..197..127Y. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.09.004. ISSN   0037-0738. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-21.
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  15. ↑ Wang, S.; Zhang, S.; Sullivan, C.; Xu, X. (2016). "Elongatoolithid eggs containing oviraptorid (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) embryos from the Upper Cretaceous of Southern China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 16 (67): 67. doi: 10.1186/s12862-016-0633-0 . PMC   4807547 . PMID   27012653.
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  18. ↑ Wei Xuefang; Pu Hanyong; Xu Li; Liu Di; Lü Junchang (2013). "A New Oviraptorid Dinosaur (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 87 (4): 899–904. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12098. S2CID   129797420.
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  28. ↑ Junchang Lü; Laiping Yi; Hui Zhong; Xuefang Wei (2013). "A New Somphospondylan Sauropod (Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province of Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 87 (3): 678–685. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12079. S2CID   140623061.
  29. ↑ Mo, Jin-You; Fu, Qiong-Yao; Yu, Yi-Lun; Xu, Xing (2023-09-21). "A New Titanosaurian Sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, Southern China". Historical Biology: 1–15. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2259413. ISSN   0891-2963.
  30. ↑ Zanno, L. E. (2010). "A taxonomic and phylogenetic re-evaluation of Therizinosauria (Dinosauria: Maniraptora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (4): 503–543. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.488045. S2CID   53405097.
  31. ↑ Lü, Junchang; Yi, Laiping; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Yang, Ling; Li, Hua; Chen, Liu (2014). "A new clade of Asian Late Cretaceous long-snouted tyrannosaurids". Nature Communications. 5: 3788. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.3788L. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4788 . PMID   24807588.
  32. ↑ Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. (2017). "A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system". Scientific Reports. 7: 44942. Bibcode:2017NatSR...744942C. doi:10.1038/srep44942. PMC   5372470 . PMID   28358353.
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