Nemegt Formation

Last updated
Nemegt Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
~70  Ma
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Avimimus excavation.jpg
Nemegt, the type locality of the Nemegt Formation
Type Geological formation
Sub-unitsLower, Middle and Upper units
Underlies Alluvium
Overlies Barun Goyot Formation
ThicknessOver 235 m (771 ft)
Lithology
Primary Shale, sandstone
Other Mudstone, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates 43°30′N101°00′E / 43.5°N 101.0°E / 43.5; 101.0
Approximate paleocoordinates 40°48′N90°12′E / 40.8°N 90.2°E / 40.8; 90.2
Region Bayankhongor Aimag, Omnogov, Ovorkhangai
CountryFlag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia
Extent Gobi Desert
Cretaceous-aged dinosaur fossil localities of Mongolia.PNG
Cretaceous-aged dinosaur fossil localities of Mongolia. Nemegt localities at area A.

The Nemegt Formation (also known as Nemegtskaya Svita) is a geological formation in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, dating to the Late Cretaceous. The formation consists of river channel sediments and contains fossils of fish, turtles, crocodilians, and a diverse fauna of dinosaurs, including birds.

Contents

Description

The Nemegt Formation is composed of mudstones and sandstones that were deposited by ancient lakes, streams, and flood plains. The Altan Uul locality was described by Michael Novacek as "a canyon carved out of a very rich series of sedimentary rocks" with "steep cliffs and narrow washes". The climate associated with it was wetter than when preceding formations were deposited; there seems to have existed at least some degree of forest cover. Fossilized trunks have been also found. These petrified wood, and the remains of Araucariaceae conifers indicate that the forests of the Nemegt were thickly wooded, with a high canopy formed by tall conifer trees. When examined, the rock facies of this formation suggest the presence of stream and river channels, mudflats, and shallow lakes. Sediments also indicate that there existed a rich habitat, offering diverse food in abundant amounts that could sustain massive Cretaceous dinosaurs. [1] [2]

Stratigraphy

Nemegt and Barun Goyot formations intersection Nemegt and Baruungoyot Formations.png
Nemegt and Barun Goyot formations intersection

The most recent stratigraphy divides the Nemegt Formation into three informal members. The lower member is dominated by fluvial deposits, while middle and upper members consist of alluvial plain, paludal, lacustrine, and fluvial deposits. The colour of the sediments is usually light grey to tan in colour in comparison to the typically red colour of the underlying Barun Goyot Formation. [3] It overlies and sometimes interfingers with the Barun Goyot Formation. Interfingering has been noted at the stratotype (Red Walls) and Hermiin Tsav. [3] There has been no absolute dating of the Nemegt Formation. Historically the Nemegt has been considered late Campanian to Maastrichtian, based on comparisons of fossils present, but no exact dating has been performed. The age for the underlying Baruungoyot Formation (= Svita) has been suggested as Santonian to Campanian, and Shuvalov (2000) found K-Ar dating of basalts that they referred to the mid and upper Baruungoyot to be 75 to 80 million years old. [4]

Paleobiota of the Nemegt Formation

Stratigraphic positions are based on Eberth (2018) who correlated localities to their approximate position within the formation. [3]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Amphibians

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Altanulia A. alifanoviAltan Uul IIMiddle or Upper"Partial maxilla." [5] A discoglossid. Its classification has been criticized. [6]

Crocodylomorphs

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Paralligator [7] P. gradilifrons [7] Nemegt, Nogon Tsav, Ulaan BulagLower"Partially complete skulls with sparse body elements." [7] A paralligatorid. Nemegt Formation paralligatorids.png

Fish

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Harenaichthys H. luiAltan Uul, Bügiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav, Ulan Khushu"Partial skull parts, isolated and articulated centra, and articulated caudal fin." [8] An osteoglossomorph. Includes previously reported material. [9] [8]
Hiodontidae indet.IndeterminateUlan Khushu"Partial vertebrae and premaxilla." [9] A mooneye.
Teleostei indet.IndeterminateNot specified."Vertebral centra found within a specimen of Raptorex ." [9] A teleost.
Osteichthyes indet.IndeterminateBügiin Tsav"Vertebrae and scales found within a specimen of Deinocheirus''." [10] A bony fish.

Flora

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Araucariaceae indet.IndeterminateAltan Uul II, Nemegt"Petrified wood and trunks." [11] [2] An araucarian.
Monilitheca M. minutaUlaan Bulag"Two isolated megasporophylls and megaspore casts." [12] A sporophyll related to quillworts.
Lemnaceae indet.IndeterminateTsagan Khushu, Ulaan Bulag"Fruits." [13] Duckweed.
Potamogeton -like indet.IndeterminateUlaan Bulag"Shoots and leaves." [13] Pondweed.

Invertebrates

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Altanicypris A. bispiniferaAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Complete carapace and left valve." [14] An ostracod.
A. multispinaAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Nine carapaces and some detached valves." [14] An ostracod.
A. szczechuraeAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Multiple carapaces and detached valves." [14] An ostracod.
Candona C. altanulaensisAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt"Multiple specimens with carapaces and valves." [14] An ostracod.
cf. C. fabaeformisAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Several carapaces and detached valves." [14] An ostracod.
Candoniella C. altanicaAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt"Multiple specimens with carapaces and valves." [14] An ostracod.
C. mordvilkoiAltan Uul IVLower"Three adult carapaces." [15] An ostracod.
Cyclocypris C. transitoriaBügiin Tsav, Nemegt"Seven adult carapaces." [14] An ostracod.
Cypria C. elataBügiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav"Several carapaces and valves." [14] An ostracod.
Cypridopsis ?C. bugintsavicusAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu"Ten adult carapaces." [14] An ostracod.
IndeterminateNemegtLower"Several complete carapaces." [14] An ostracod.
Cypris ?C. ectypaAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Ulan Bulag"Complete carapaces and some detached valves." [14] An ostracod.
Cypridea cf. C. punctilataeformisNemegt"One adult carapace." [15] An ostracod.
C. barsboldiAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt"Multiple specimens with carapaces and valves." [14] An ostracod.
C. cavernosaAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Nogon Tsav"Multiple specimens with carapaces and valves." [14] An ostracod.
C. rostrataBügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Nogon Tsav"Caparaces." [15] An ostracod.
IndeterminateAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Five juvenile carapaces." [14] An ostracod.
Gobiella G. primaAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Several carapaces and detached valves." [14] An ostracod.
Khandia K. stankevitchaeAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Multiple carapaces and valves." [14] An ostracod.
Leiria IndeterminateNemegtLower"Several detached valves." [14] An ostracod.
IndeterminateNemegtLower"Complete carapace." [14] An ostracod.
Limnocythere sp.IndeterminateNemegtLower"Juvenile carapace." [14] An ostracod.
Lycopterocypris ?cf. L. profundaAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Multiple complete carapaces and left valve." [14] An ostracod.
Mongolianella M. palmosa?Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt"Several adult carapaces." [14] An ostracod.
Mongolocypris M. distributaAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu"Multiple specimens with complete carapaces and valves." [14] An ostracod.
Nemegtia N. biformataAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu"Multiple complete carapaces and several detached valves." [14] An ostracod.
N. obliquecostaeAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Multiple carapaces and valves." [14] An ostracod.
N. reticulataAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Nogon Tsav, Tsagan Khushu"Several carapaces and detached valves." [14] An ostracod.
Paracypridea ?P. mongolicaAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Multiple carapaces and detached valves." [14] An ostracod.
Rhinocypris sp.IndeterminateNemegtLower"Several carapaces." [14] An ostracod.
Scabriculocypris S. ingenicus?Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Naran Bulag, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu"Multiple carapaces and valves." [14] An ostracod.
S. rasilis?Altan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Several carapaces and detached valves." [14] An ostracod.
Timiriasevia cf. T. miaogouensisAltan Uul IV, NemegtLower"Seven valves." [14] An ostracod.
cf. T. opinabilisAltan Uul IVLower"Adult carapace." [15] An ostracod.
T. minusculaAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt"Multiple specimens with carapaces and valves." [14] An ostracod.
T. naranbulakensisAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt"Four carapaces and one right valve." [14] An ostracod.
Ziziphocypris Z. costataAltan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt"Fourteen carapaces." [14] An ostracod.

Mammals

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Buginbaatar [16] B. transaltaiensis [16] Bügiin TsavMiddle or Upper"Fragmentary skull." [16] A multituberculate.
"Gurlin Tsav skull"IndeterminateMiddle orPartial skullA mysterious metatherian, possibly a sparassodont.

Pterosaurs

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Unnamed azhdarchid IndeterminateGuriliin TsavMiddle or Upper"Fragmentary cervical vertebrae." [17] A giant azhdarchid. Mongol Giant.png

Turtles

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Gobiapalone G. breviplastraAlak Shand Khuduk, Altan Uul I, Bügiin Tsav, Bügiin Tsav II, Nemegt, Ulan Khushu"Shell and body elements from multiple specimens." [18] A trionychid.
Gravemys G. barsboldiBamba Khuduk, Hermiin Tsav, Ingeni Khobur, Tsagan Khushu"Partial to complete shells." [19] [20] A lindholmemydid.

Nanhsiungchelyidae indet.

IndeterminateHermiin Tsav IILower"Shell fragment." [21] A nanhsiungchelyid.
IndeterminateKhuren Tsav"Damaged shell." [21] A nanhsiungchelyid.
IndeterminateNemegtLower"Partial plastron." [21] A nanhsiungchelyid.
Mongolemys M. elegansBügiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav, Tsagan Khushu"Skull, shell and body elements from multiple specimens." [22] [23] A lindholmemydid. Mongolemys elegans.JPG
Mongolochelys M. efremoviAltan Uul II, Altan Uul III, Bügiin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu"Skull, shell and body elements from multiple specimens." [24] [25] A sichuanchelyid.
Nemegtemys N. conflataBügiin Tsav, Nemegt"Partial plastron elements." [18] A trionychid.

"Trionyx"

"T". gilbentuensisGilbentu"Fragmentary shell." [18] A trionychid.
"T". gobiensisAltan Uul III, Bamba Khuduk, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu"Fragmentary shell and carapace fragments." [18] A trionychid.
Trionychidae indet.IndeterminateBamba Khuduk, Bügiin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav, Ingeni Khobur"Shell and body remains." [18] A trionychid. Originally identified as Amyda menneri . [18]

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians

Ankylosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
"Dyoplosaurus" [26] "D". giganteus [26] NemegtLowerA series of caudal vertebrae, metatarsals, phalanges, osteoderms, and an undescribed partial tail club. [27] An ankylosaurid now regarded as nomen dubium . Tarchia gigantea tail club.jpg
Saichania [28] S. chulsanensis [28] Altan Uul IVLowerPartial vertebrae, tail club, and osteoderms. [29] An ankylosaurid also present in the Barun Goyot Formation. Saichania.jpg
Tarchia [28] T. teresae [29] Altan Uul IV, Hermiin Tsav ILowerA skull, mandibles, vertebrae, tail club, and other undescribed postcranial material. [29] An ankylosaurid. Tarchia gigantea skull front 4.JPG
T. tumanovae [30] Hermiin TsavLower [3] "Partial skeleton with complete skull." [30] An ankylosaurid. Tarchia tumanovae holotype skeletal.png
Tetrapodosaurus -like indet.IndeterminateBügiin Tsav, Shar Tsav"Footprint casts." [31] Ankylosaurid tracks.
Ankylosauridae indet.IndeterminateAltan Uul II-III-IV, Bügiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I, Khuree Tsav, NemegtA partial dentary, caudal vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, metatarsals, phalanges, pedal phalanx, humeri, partial pelvis, tail clubs, cervical half-rings, osteoderms, skin impressions, and undescribed juveniles and partial skeletons. [27] Cranial and postcranial material representing numerous individuals of different ages. Ankylosaurine tails.jpg
Hadrosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Amblydactylus -like indet.IndeterminateBügiin Tsav, Bügiin Tsav II, Guriliin Tsav, Yagaan Khovil"Footprint casts." [31] Three-toed hadrosaurs tracks. Attributed to Saurolophus.
Barsboldia [32] B. sicinskii [32] NemegtLower [3] "Partial vertebrae, pelvis, and ribs." [32] [33] A hadrosaurid. Barsboldia sicinskii (2).jpg
Hadropodus IndeterminateNemegt"Numerous footprints." [34] Hadrosaurid tracks. Attributed to Saurolophus.
Saurolophus [35] S. angustirostris [36] Presence in most localities [37] "Multiple specimens, including articulated skulls, postcranial skeletons and mass death assemblage." [38] [39] [40] [41] A saurolophine hadrosaurid which was the most common hadrosaur in the area. [42] Saurolophus angustirostris.png
Unnamed ichnotaxon IndeterminateNemegt"Numerous footprint casts with trackways." [43] Hand and feet hadrosaur tracks. Attributed to Saurolophus.
Pachycephalosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Homalocephale [44] H. calathocercos [44] NemegtLower [3] "Partial skull and skeleton including hindlimbs." [44] A pachycephalosaurid. Homalocephale NT small.jpg
Prenocephale [44] P. prenes [44] Guriliin Tsav, Nemegt"Complete skull and partial postcranium of several specimens." [44] [46] A pachycephalosaurid. Prenocephale bickering.jpg
P. sp. [46] Tsagan Khushu, NemegtLower [3] "complete left squamosal"; large skull
IndeterminateBugiin TsavMiddle [45] "incomplete frontoparietal dome and fragments of associated braincase bones" [46]

Sauropods

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Brontopodus IndeterminateNemegtLower"Large footprint and several four-toed tracks." [47] [34] Sauropod tracks. Attributed to Opisthocoelicaudia.
Brontopodus -like indet.IndeterminateBügiin Tsav, Yagaan Khovil"Footprint casts." [31] Sauropod tracks.
Nemegtosaurus [48] N. mongoliensis [48] NemegtLower"Skulls and body remains from several specimens." [49] [50] [51] A titanosaur. Nemegtosaurus3.jpg
Opisthocoelicaudia [52] O. skarzynskii [52] Altan Uul IVLower"Nearly complete skeleton without the skull and cervical series." [50] A titanosaur. Opisthocoelicaudia.jpg
Undescribed sauropods IndeterminateAltan Uul I-II-II-IV, Bügiin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav, Khamaryn Khural, Khuree Tsav, Nemegt, Nogon Tsav, Tsagan Khushu, Ulan Khushu"Several fragmentary remains." [50] Sauropod remains that may represent already named taxa.
Unnamed ichnotaxon IndeterminateNemegt"Footprint casts with skin impressions." [43] Four-toed sauropod tracks. Attributed to Opisthocoelicaudia.

Theropods

Alvarezsaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Mononykus [53] M. olecranus [53] Bügiin TsavMiddle [45] "Fragmentary skull, vertebrae, limbs and fragmented pelvis." [54] An alvarezsaurid. Mononykus Restoration.png
IndeterminateAltan Uul III"Caudal vertebrae and left hindlimb." [55]
Nemegtonykus [55] N. citus [55] Altan Uul III"Partially complete skeleton from two specimens lacking the skull." [55] An alvarezsaurid.
Birds
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Brodavis [56] B. mongoliensis [56] Bügiin Tsav"Nearly complete left tarsometatarsus." [56] A hesperornithine.
Gurilynia [57] G. nessovi [57] Guriliin TsavMiddle [45] "Left coracoid and partial humerii." [57] An enantiornithine.
Judinornis [58] J. nogontsavensis [58] Nogon Tsav"Dorsal vertebra." [58] A hesperornithine.
Laevisoolithus [59] L. sochavai"Whole egg with partly broken pole" [59] Laid by a bird or small theropod. [59]
Subtiliolithus [59] S. microtuberculatus [59] "Eggshell fragments" [59]
Teviornis [60] T. gobiensis [60] Guriliin TsavMiddle [45] "Partial forelimbs." [60] A presbyornithid anseriform.
Unnamed ornithurans IndeterminateTsagan Khushu"A humerus and two tibiotarsi." [61] Ornithuran remains.
Dromaeosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Adasaurus [62] A. mongoliensis [62] Bügiin TsavMiddle [45] "Partial skull and fragmentary postcrania from two specimens." [63] A dromaeosaurid. Adasaurus Restoration.jpg

Dromaeosauridae indet.

IndeterminateBügiin TsavMiddle [45] "Cervical vertebra." [64] A dromaeosaurid.
IndeterminateHermiin TsavLower"Dorsal vertebra." [65]
IndeterminateKhaichin I"Three teeth." [66]
IndeterminateNemegtLower"Dorsal vertebra and other elements." [65] [67]
IndeterminateIndeterminateBügiin Tsav"Footprints with poor claw marks." [68] Two-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to either Adasaurus or Zanabazar.
Ornithomimosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Anserimimus [69] A. planinychus [69] Bügiin TsavMiddle or Upper [3] "Partial skeleton lacking the skull." [69] [70] An ornithomimid. Anserimimus LM.png
Deinocheirus [71] D. mirificus [71] Altan Uul III-IV, Bügiin Tsav"Complete skull with virtually complete postcranial remains from three specimens." [10] A giant deinocheirid. Hypothetical Deinocheirus.jpg
Gallimimus [72] G. bullatus [72] Presence in most localities [73] "Multiple specimens with nearly complete skull and postcranial elements." [73] [74] An ornithomimid. Gallimimus Steveoc86.jpg
IndeterminateIndeterminateBügiin Tsav"Nine trackways including an articulated Gallimimus foot." [68] Three-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to ornithomimids.
Unnamed ornithomimid [75] IndeterminateTsagan Khushu"Partial vertebral column with fore and hindlimbs." [75] [73] An ornithomimid.
Oviraptorosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Avimimus [76] A. portentosus [76] Shar Tsav"Skull roof with fragmentary body elements." [77] An avimimid. Also present in the Djadokhta Formation. Avimimus mmartyniuk wiki.png
A. nemegtensis [77] NemegtLower [3] "Fragmented skull with partial skeleton." [77] An avimimid. Avimimus nemegtensis skeletal.png
Conchoraptor C. gracilisGuriliin TsavMiddle [45] "Skull and a flock of articulated individuals." [78] An oviraptorid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation. Conchoraptor Restoration.png
Elmisaurus [79] E. rarus [79] Altan Uul II, Nemegt
  • Lower
  • Middle or Upper
"Fragmentary skull and partially skeletons from several specimens." [77] [80] A caenagnathid. Elmisaurus.jpg
Elongatoolithidae indet.IndeterminateBügiin Tsav"Three eggs containing embryonic remains." [81] Oviraptorid eggs.
Gobiraptor [82] G. minutus [82] Altan Uul III"Partial crania with complete lower jaws and fragmented postcrania." [82] An oviraptorid.
IndeterminateIndeterminateHermiin Tsav, Shar Tsav, Yagaan Khovil"Footprint casts." [31] Three-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to Avimimus.
Nemegtomaia [83] N. barsboldi [83] NemegtLower"Multiple specimens including a nesting specimen and eggs." [84] An oviraptorid also present in the Barun Goyot Formation. Nesting Nemegtomaia.jpg
Nomingia [85] N. gobiensis [85] Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt"Vertebral series with partial hindlimbs and a referred pygostyle." [77] A caenagnathid. May be synonymous with Elmisaurus . [80] Nomingia gobiensis.png
Oksoko [86] O. avarsanBügiin Tsav, Guriliin TsavMiddle [45] "Multiple associated skeletons." [86] An oviraptorid. Oksoko skeletal.jpg
Rinchenia [87] R. mongoliensis [87] Altan Uul IIMiddle or Upper"Skull with nearly complete skeleton." [77] An oviraptorid. Rinchenia Restoration.png


Therizinosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Therizinosaurus [88] T. cheloniformis [88] Altan Uul, Hermiin Tsav, NemegtLower [3] "Fore and hindlimb elements from multiple specimens." [89] [90] A giant therizinosaurid. Therizinosaurus Restoration.png
Undescribed therizinosaurids IndeterminateAltan Uul, Bügiin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav, Ulan Khushu"Partial remains." [91] Therizinosaurid remains.
Troodontids
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Borogovia [92] B. gracilicrus [92] Altan Uul IVLower"Partial hindlimbs." [92] A troodontid.
IndeterminateIndeterminateBügiin Tsav"Footprints with poor claw marks." [68] Two-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to either Adasaurus or Zanabazar.
Tochisaurus [93] T. nemegtensis [93] NemegtLower"Left metatarsus." [93] A troodontid.
Zanabazar [94] Z. junior [95] Bügiin TsavMiddle [45] "Skull with fragmentary postcranial skeleton." [94] A troodontid originally identified as "Saurornithoides junior". Zanabazar.jpg
Tyrannosaurs
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImage
Alioramus [96] A. remotus [96] Nogon Tsav"Partially preserved skull with very sparse postcranial remains." [96] An alioramin. Alioramus Life Restoration.jpg
A. altai [97] Tsagan Khushu"Nearly complete skull with partial postcrania." [97] An alioramin. Alioramus altai.jpg
Bagaraatan [98] B. ostromi [98] NemegtLower [3] "Fragmentary lower jaw, hindlimb and caudal vertebrae." [98] A tyrannosauroid.
IndeterminateIndeterminateBügiin Tsav, Bügiin Tsav II"Footprint casts." [31] Three-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to Tarbosaurus.

Raptorex [99]

R. kriegsteni [99]

"Nearly complete skeleton including the skull." [99] A controversial genus of tyrannosaurid that could be a juvenile Tarbosaurus . [100] Raptorex NT.jpg
Tarbosaurus [101] T. bataar [102] Presence in most localities [2] "Nearly complete skeletons from multiple specimens." [101] [102] [2] A large tyrannosaurid which was the most common large carnivore in the area. [103] Tarbosaurus Restoration.png
Unnamed ichnotaxon IndeterminateNemegt"Footprint casts with skin impressions." [43] Three-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to Tarbosaurus.
Tyrannosauripodidae indet.IndeterminateNemegt"Five tracks." [34] Three-toed tyrannosaurid tracks. Attributed to either Alioramus or Tarbosaurus.

See also

Related Research Articles

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Bagaceratops is a genus of small protoceratopsid dinosaurs that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous, around 72 to 71 million years ago. Bagaceratops remains have been reported from the Barun Goyot Formation and Bayan Mandahu Formation. One specimen may argue the possible presence of Bagaceratops in the Djadochta Formation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bayan Shireh Formation</span> Geological formation in Mongolia

The Bayan Shireh Formation is a geological formation in Mongolia, that dates to the Cretaceous period. It was first described and established by Vasiliev et al. 1959.

<i>Tylocephale</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Tylocephale is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur, a group of dome-headed, herbivorous ornithischians, that lived during the Late Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia. It is known from a partial skull and associated mandible that were unearthed in 1971 by a Polish-Mongolian Expedition to the Barun Goyot Formation of the Gobi Desert. The specimen was described in 1974 by Polish paleontologists Teresa Maryańska and Halszka Osmólska as a new genus and species.

Kuru is a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod from the Late Cretaceous Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia. The genus contains only a single species, the type species Kuru kulla, which is known from a fragmentary skeleton including a partial skull.

<i>Heyuannia</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Heyuannia is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous epoch, in what is now China and Mongolia. It was the first oviraptorid found in China; most others were found in neighbouring Mongolia. Two species are known: H. huangi, named by Lü Junchang in 2002 from the Dalangshan Formation; and H. yanshini, originally named as a separate genus Ingenia from the Barun Goyot Formation by Rinchen Barsbold in 1981, and later renamed to Ajancingenia in 2013 due to the preoccupation of Ingenia. The latter name was eventually discarded due to various ethical issues surrounding the author.

<i>Hulsanpes</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Hulsanpes is a genus of halszkaraptorine theropod dinosaurs that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia, about 75-72 million years ago. The remains were found in 1970 and formally described in 1982 by Halszka Osmólska, who noted that the genus is represented by an immature individual. Hulsanpes represents the first record of the basal dromaeosaurid subfamily Halszkaraptorinae.

<i>Rinchenia</i> Extinct genus of oviraptorosaurian dinosaurs

Rinchenia is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous epoch in what is now Mongolia, Nemegt Formation, around 70 million years ago. The type and only known species, Rinchenia mongoliensis, was originally classified as a species within the genus Oviraptor, but a subsequent reexamination found differences significant enough to warrant a separate genus. The name Rinchenia was coined for this new genus, though not formally described in detail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barun Goyot Formation</span> Geological formation in Mongolia

The Barun Goyot Formation is a geological formation dating to the Late Cretaceous Period. It is located within and is widely represented in the Gobi Desert Basin, in the Ömnögovi Province of Mongolia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Djadochta Formation</span> Geologic formation in Mongolia

The Djadochta Formation is a highly fossiliferous geological formation situated in Central Asia, Gobi Desert, dating from the Late Cretaceous period, about 75 million to 71 million years ago. The type locality is the Bayn Dzak locality, famously known as the Flaming Cliffs. Reptile and mammal remains are among the fossils recovered from the formation.

<i>Ceratonykus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Ceratonykus is a monospecific genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaur from Mongolia that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Barun Goyot Formation. The type and only species, Ceratonykus oculatus, is known from a fragmentary skeleton, including an incomplete skull, of an adult individual. It was named and described in 2009 by Vladimir Alifanov and Rinchen Barsbold. Its describers questioned the traditional placement of alvarezsaurs in Theropoda, instead suggesting they were ornithischians, but this has not been accepted since. Ceratonykus has an estimated length of 75 centimetres and weight of 760 grams. It has been considered as a possible junior synonym of Parvicursor.

<i>Oksoko avarsan</i> Extinct species of dinosaur

Oksoko is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Asia, that lived in what is now the Nemegt Formation in Mongolia. It includes the type species Oksoko avarsan.

<i>Ondogurvel</i> Genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaur

Ondogurvel is a genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Barun Goyot Formation in southern Mongolia. The type and only species is O. alifanovi, known from a partial skeleton consisting of fragments of two last dorsal vertebrae, three anterior sacral vertebrae, right ilium, left and right pubis and ischium, articulated right tibia, fibula, metatarsals II and IV, and phalanges IV-1 and IV-2, right carpometacarpus, left and right manual phalanx II-1, right femur, left pedal phalanx II-1, and fragments of unidentified phalanges.

<i>Natovenator</i> Genus of dromaeosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous

Natovenator is a genus of halszkaraptorine dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia. The genus is known from a single species, N. polydontus. Natovenator is crucial to the understanding of halszkaraptorines due to it providing more support for the semi-aquatic lifestyle that has been proposed for this clade. This discovery is important as the semi-aquatic lifestyles of halszkaraptorines was contested in early 2022.

<i>Jaculinykus</i> Genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaurs

Jaculinykus is an extinct genus of alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia. The genus contains a single species, J. yaruui, known from a nearly complete articulated skeleton including bones of the skull. Jaculinykus is notable for its unique hand, which has a hypertrophied first digit and greatly reduced second digit, which is intermediate between the tridactyl hand of Shuvuuia and monodactyl hand of Linhenykus.

<i>Harenadraco</i> Genus of troodontid dinosaurs

Harenadraco is an extinct genus of troodontid theropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia. The genus contains a single species, H. prima, known from a fragmentary skeleton. Harenadraco represents the first troodontid known from the Baruungoyot Formation. Since members of this family are also known from the Nemegt and Djadochta Formations, the discovery of Harendraco indicates that troodontids were important faunal components of every formation within the Nemegt Basin.

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