Nemegt Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian ~ | |
Type | Geological formation |
Sub-units | Lower, Middle and Upper units |
Underlies | Alluvium |
Overlies | Barun Goyot Formation |
Thickness | Over 235 m (771 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Shale, sandstone |
Other | Mudstone, conglomerate |
Location | |
Coordinates | 43°30′N101°00′E / 43.5°N 101.0°E |
Approximate paleocoordinates | 40°48′N90°12′E / 40.8°N 90.2°E |
Region | Bayankhongor Aimag, Omnogov, Ovorkhangai |
Country | Mongolia |
Extent | Gobi Desert |
Cretaceous-aged dinosaur fossil localities of Mongolia. Nemegt localities at area A. |
The Nemegt Formation (also known as Nemegtskaya Svita) is a geological formation in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, dating to the Late Cretaceous. The formation consists of river channel sediments and contains fossils of fish, turtles, crocodilians, and a diverse fauna of dinosaurs, including birds.
The Nemegt Formation is composed of mudstones and sandstones that were deposited by ancient lakes, streams, and flood plains. The Altan Uul locality was described by Michael Novacek as "a canyon carved out of a very rich series of sedimentary rocks" with "steep cliffs and narrow washes". The climate associated with it was wetter than when preceding formations were deposited; there seems to have existed at least some degree of forest cover. Fossilized trunks have been also found. These petrified wood, and the remains of Araucariaceae conifers indicate that the forests of the Nemegt were thickly wooded, with a high canopy formed by tall conifer trees. When examined, the rock facies of this formation suggest the presence of stream and river channels, mudflats, and shallow lakes. Sediments also indicate that there existed a rich habitat, offering diverse food in abundant amounts that could sustain massive Cretaceous dinosaurs. [1] [2]
The most recent stratigraphy divides the Nemegt Formation into three informal members. The lower member is dominated by fluvial deposits, while middle and upper members consist of alluvial plain, paludal, lacustrine, and fluvial deposits. The colour of the sediments is usually light grey to tan in colour in comparison to the typically red colour of the underlying Barun Goyot Formation. [3] It overlies and sometimes interfingers with the Barun Goyot Formation. Interfingering has been noted at the stratotype (Red Walls) and Hermiin Tsav. [3] There has been no absolute dating of the Nemegt Formation. Historically the Nemegt has been considered late Campanian to Maastrichtian, based on comparisons of fossils present, but no exact dating has been performed. The age for the underlying Baruungoyot Formation (= Svita) has been suggested as Santonian to Campanian, and Shuvalov (2000) found K-Ar dating of basalts that they referred to the mid and upper Baruungoyot to be 75 to 80 million years old. [4]
Stratigraphic positions are based on Eberth (2018) who correlated localities to their approximate position within the formation. [3]
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Altanulia | A. alifanovi | Altan Uul II | Middle or Upper | "Partial maxilla." [5] | A discoglossid. Its classification has been criticized. [6] | |
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paralligator [7] | P. gradilifrons [7] | Nemegt, Nogon Tsav, Ulaan Bulag | Lower | "Partially complete skulls with sparse body elements." [7] | A paralligatorid. | |
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Harenaichthys | H. lui | Altan Uul, Bügiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav, Ulan Khushu | "Partial skull parts, isolated and articulated centra, and articulated caudal fin." [8] | An osteoglossomorph. Includes previously reported material. [9] [8] | ||
Hiodontidae indet. | Indeterminate | Ulan Khushu | "Partial vertebrae and premaxilla." [9] | A mooneye. | ||
Teleostei indet. | Indeterminate | Not specified. | "Vertebral centra found within a specimen of Raptorex ." [9] | A teleost. | ||
Osteichthyes indet. | Indeterminate | Bügiin Tsav | "Vertebrae and scales found within a specimen of Deinocheirus''." [10] | A bony fish. |
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Araucariaceae indet. | Indeterminate | Altan Uul II, Nemegt | "Petrified wood and trunks." [11] [2] | An araucarian. | ||
Monilitheca | M. minuta | Ulaan Bulag | "Two isolated megasporophylls and megaspore casts." [12] | A sporophyll related to quillworts. | ||
Lemnaceae indet. | Indeterminate | Tsagan Khushu, Ulaan Bulag | "Fruits." [13] | Duckweed. | ||
Potamogeton -like indet. | Indeterminate | Ulaan Bulag | "Shoots and leaves." [13] | Pondweed. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Altanicypris | A. bispinifera | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Complete carapace and left valve." [14] | An ostracod. | |
A. multispina | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Nine carapaces and some detached valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
A. szczechurae | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Multiple carapaces and detached valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Candona | C. altanulaensis | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt | "Multiple specimens with carapaces and valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
cf. C. fabaeformis | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Several carapaces and detached valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Candoniella | C. altanica | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt | "Multiple specimens with carapaces and valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
C. mordvilkoi | Altan Uul IV | Lower | "Three adult carapaces." [15] | An ostracod. | ||
Cyclocypris | C. transitoria | Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt | "Seven adult carapaces." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Cypria | C. elata | Bügiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav | "Several carapaces and valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Cypridopsis ? | C. bugintsavicus | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu | "Ten adult carapaces." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Indeterminate | Nemegt | Lower | "Several complete carapaces." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Cypris ? | C. ectypa | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Ulan Bulag | "Complete carapaces and some detached valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Cypridea | cf. C. punctilataeformis | Nemegt | "One adult carapace." [15] | An ostracod. | ||
C. barsboldi | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt | "Multiple specimens with carapaces and valves." [14] | An ostracod. | |||
C. cavernosa | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Nogon Tsav | "Multiple specimens with carapaces and valves." [14] | An ostracod. | |||
C. rostrata | Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Nogon Tsav | "Caparaces." [15] | An ostracod. | |||
Indeterminate | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Five juvenile carapaces." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Gobiella | G. prima | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Several carapaces and detached valves." [14] | An ostracod. | |
Khandia | K. stankevitchae | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Multiple carapaces and valves." [14] | An ostracod. | |
Leiria | Indeterminate | Nemegt | Lower | "Several detached valves." [14] | An ostracod. | |
Indeterminate | Nemegt | Lower | "Complete carapace." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Limnocythere sp. | Indeterminate | Nemegt | Lower | "Juvenile carapace." [14] | An ostracod. | |
Lycopterocypris ? | cf. L. profunda | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Multiple complete carapaces and left valve." [14] | An ostracod. | |
Mongolianella | M. palmosa? | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt | "Several adult carapaces." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Mongolocypris | M. distributa | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu | "Multiple specimens with complete carapaces and valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Nemegtia | N. biformata | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu | "Multiple complete carapaces and several detached valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
N. obliquecostae | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Multiple carapaces and valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
N. reticulata | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt, Nogon Tsav, Tsagan Khushu | "Several carapaces and detached valves." [14] | An ostracod. | |||
Paracypridea ? | P. mongolica | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Multiple carapaces and detached valves." [14] | An ostracod. | |
Rhinocypris sp. | Indeterminate | Nemegt | Lower | "Several carapaces." [14] | An ostracod. | |
Scabriculocypris | S. ingenicus? | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Naran Bulag, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu | "Multiple carapaces and valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
S. rasilis? | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Several carapaces and detached valves." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Timiriasevia | cf. T. miaogouensis | Altan Uul IV, Nemegt | Lower | "Seven valves." [14] | An ostracod. | |
cf. T. opinabilis | Altan Uul IV | Lower | "Adult carapace." [15] | An ostracod. | ||
T. minuscula | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt | "Multiple specimens with carapaces and valves." [14] | An ostracod. | |||
T. naranbulakensis | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt | "Four carapaces and one right valve." [14] | An ostracod. | |||
Ziziphocypris | Z. costata | Altan Uul IV, Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt | "Fourteen carapaces." [14] | An ostracod. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Buginbaatar [16] | B. transaltaiensis [16] | Bügiin Tsav | Middle or Upper | "Fragmentary skull." [16] | A multituberculate. | |
"Gurlin Tsav skull" | Indeterminate | Middle or | Partial skull | A mysterious metatherian, possibly a sparassodont. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unnamed azhdarchid | Indeterminate | Guriliin Tsav | Middle or Upper | "Fragmentary cervical vertebrae." [17] | A giant azhdarchid. | |
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gobiapalone | G. breviplastra | Alak Shand Khuduk, Altan Uul I, Bügiin Tsav, Bügiin Tsav II, Nemegt, Ulan Khushu | "Shell and body elements from multiple specimens." [18] | A trionychid. | ||
Gravemys | G. barsboldi | Bamba Khuduk, Hermiin Tsav, Ingeni Khobur, Tsagan Khushu | "Partial to complete shells." [19] [20] | A lindholmemydid. | ||
Nanhsiungchelyidae indet. | Indeterminate | Hermiin Tsav II | Lower | "Shell fragment." [21] | A nanhsiungchelyid. | |
Indeterminate | Khuren Tsav | "Damaged shell." [21] | A nanhsiungchelyid. | |||
Indeterminate | Nemegt | Lower | "Partial plastron." [21] | A nanhsiungchelyid. | ||
Mongolemys | M. elegans | Bügiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav, Tsagan Khushu | "Skull, shell and body elements from multiple specimens." [22] [23] | A lindholmemydid. | ||
Mongolochelys | M. efremovi | Altan Uul II, Altan Uul III, Bügiin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu | "Skull, shell and body elements from multiple specimens." [24] [25] | A sichuanchelyid. | ||
Nemegtemys | N. conflata | Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt | "Partial plastron elements." [18] | A trionychid. | ||
"Trionyx" | "T". gilbentuensis | Gilbentu | "Fragmentary shell." [18] | A trionychid. | ||
"T". gobiensis | Altan Uul III, Bamba Khuduk, Nemegt, Tsagan Khushu | "Fragmentary shell and carapace fragments." [18] | A trionychid. | |||
Trionychidae indet. | Indeterminate | Bamba Khuduk, Bügiin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav, Ingeni Khobur | "Shell and body remains." [18] | A trionychid. Originally identified as Amyda menneri . [18] | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
"Dyoplosaurus" [26] | "D". giganteus [26] | Nemegt | Lower | A series of caudal vertebrae, metatarsals, phalanges, osteoderms, and an undescribed partial tail club. [27] | An ankylosaurid now regarded as nomen dubium . | |
Saichania [28] | S. chulsanensis [28] | Altan Uul IV | Lower | Partial vertebrae, tail club, and osteoderms. [29] | An ankylosaurid also present in the Barun Goyot Formation. | |
Tarchia [28] | T. teresae [29] | Altan Uul IV, Hermiin Tsav I | Lower | A skull, mandibles, vertebrae, tail club, and other undescribed postcranial material. [29] | An ankylosaurid. | |
T. tumanovae [30] | Hermiin Tsav | Lower [3] | "Partial skeleton with complete skull." [30] | An ankylosaurid. | ||
Tetrapodosaurus -like indet. | Indeterminate | Bügiin Tsav, Shar Tsav | "Footprint casts." [31] | Ankylosaurid tracks. | ||
Ankylosauridae indet. | Indeterminate | Altan Uul II-III-IV, Bügiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I, Khuree Tsav, Nemegt | A partial dentary, caudal vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, metatarsals, phalanges, pedal phalanx, humeri, partial pelvis, tail clubs, cervical half-rings, osteoderms, skin impressions, and undescribed juveniles and partial skeletons. [27] | Cranial and postcranial material representing numerous individuals of different ages. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amblydactylus -like indet. | Indeterminate | Bügiin Tsav, Bügiin Tsav II, Guriliin Tsav, Yagaan Khovil | "Footprint casts." [31] | Three-toed hadrosaurs tracks. Attributed to Saurolophus. | ||
Barsboldia [32] | B. sicinskii [32] | Nemegt | Lower [3] | "Partial vertebrae, pelvis, and ribs." [32] [33] | A hadrosaurid. | |
Hadropodus | Indeterminate | Nemegt | "Numerous footprints." [34] | Hadrosaurid tracks. Attributed to Saurolophus. | ||
Saurolophus [35] | S. angustirostris [36] | Presence in most localities [37] | "Multiple specimens, including articulated skulls, postcranial skeletons and mass death assemblage." [38] [39] [40] [41] | A saurolophine hadrosaurid which was the most common hadrosaur in the area. [42] | ||
Unnamed ichnotaxon | Indeterminate | Nemegt | "Numerous footprint casts with trackways." [43] | Hand and feet hadrosaur tracks. Attributed to Saurolophus. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Homalocephale [44] | H. calathocercos [44] | Nemegt | Lower [3] | "Partial skull and skeleton including hindlimbs." [44] | A pachycephalosaurid. | |
Prenocephale [44] | P. prenes [44] | Guriliin Tsav, Nemegt | "Complete skull and partial postcranium of several specimens." [44] [46] | A pachycephalosaurid. | ||
P. sp. [46] | Tsagan Khushu, Nemegt | Lower [3] | "complete left squamosal"; large skull | |||
Indeterminate | Bugiin Tsav | Middle [45] | "incomplete frontoparietal dome and fragments of associated braincase bones" [46] | |||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brontopodus | Indeterminate | Nemegt | Lower | "Large footprint and several four-toed tracks." [47] [34] | Sauropod tracks. Attributed to Opisthocoelicaudia. | |
Brontopodus -like indet. | Indeterminate | Bügiin Tsav, Yagaan Khovil | "Footprint casts." [31] | Sauropod tracks. | ||
Nemegtosaurus [48] | N. mongoliensis [48] | Nemegt | Lower | "Skulls and body remains from several specimens." [49] [50] [51] | A titanosaur. | |
Opisthocoelicaudia [52] | O. skarzynskii [52] | Altan Uul IV | Lower | "Nearly complete skeleton without the skull and cervical series." [50] | A titanosaur. | |
Undescribed sauropods | Indeterminate | Altan Uul I-II-II-IV, Bügiin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav, Khamaryn Khural, Khuree Tsav, Nemegt, Nogon Tsav, Tsagan Khushu, Ulan Khushu | "Several fragmentary remains." [50] | Sauropod remains that may represent already named taxa. | ||
Unnamed ichnotaxon | Indeterminate | Nemegt | "Footprint casts with skin impressions." [43] | Four-toed sauropod tracks. Attributed to Opisthocoelicaudia. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mononykus [53] | M. olecranus [53] | Bügiin Tsav | Middle [45] | "Fragmentary skull, vertebrae, limbs and fragmented pelvis." [54] | An alvarezsaurid. | |
Indeterminate | Altan Uul III | "Caudal vertebrae and left hindlimb." [55] | ||||
Nemegtonykus [55] | N. citus [55] | Altan Uul III | "Partially complete skeleton from two specimens lacking the skull." [55] | An alvarezsaurid. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brodavis [56] | B. mongoliensis [56] | Bügiin Tsav | "Nearly complete left tarsometatarsus." [56] | A hesperornithine. | ||
Gurilynia [57] | G. nessovi [57] | Guriliin Tsav | Middle [45] | "Left coracoid and partial humerii." [57] | An enantiornithine. | |
Judinornis [58] | J. nogontsavensis [58] | Nogon Tsav | "Dorsal vertebra." [58] | A hesperornithine. | ||
Laevisoolithus [59] | L. sochavai | "Whole egg with partly broken pole" [59] | Laid by a bird or small theropod. [59] | |||
Subtiliolithus [59] | S. microtuberculatus [59] | "Eggshell fragments" [59] | ||||
Teviornis [60] | T. gobiensis [60] | Guriliin Tsav | Middle [45] | "Partial forelimbs." [60] | A presbyornithid anseriform. | |
Unnamed ornithurans | Indeterminate | Tsagan Khushu | "A humerus and two tibiotarsi." [61] | Ornithuran remains. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adasaurus [62] | A. mongoliensis [62] | Bügiin Tsav | Middle [45] | "Partial skull and fragmentary postcrania from two specimens." [63] | A dromaeosaurid. | |
Dromaeosauridae indet. | Indeterminate | Bügiin Tsav | Middle [45] | "Cervical vertebra." [64] | A dromaeosaurid. | |
Indeterminate | Hermiin Tsav | Lower | "Dorsal vertebra." [65] | |||
Indeterminate | Khaichin I | "Three teeth." [66] | ||||
Indeterminate | Nemegt | Lower | "Dorsal vertebra and other elements." [65] [67] | |||
Indeterminate | Indeterminate | Bügiin Tsav | "Footprints with poor claw marks." [68] | Two-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to either Adasaurus or Zanabazar. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anserimimus [69] | A. planinychus [69] | Bügiin Tsav | Middle or Upper [3] | "Partial skeleton lacking the skull." [69] [70] | An ornithomimid. | |
Deinocheirus [71] | D. mirificus [71] | Altan Uul III-IV, Bügiin Tsav | "Complete skull with virtually complete postcranial remains from three specimens." [10] | A giant deinocheirid. | ||
Gallimimus [72] | G. bullatus [72] | Presence in most localities [73] | "Multiple specimens with nearly complete skull and postcranial elements." [73] [74] | An ornithomimid. | ||
Indeterminate | Indeterminate | Bügiin Tsav | "Nine trackways including an articulated Gallimimus foot." [68] | Three-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to ornithomimids. | ||
Unnamed ornithomimid [75] | Indeterminate | Tsagan Khushu | "Partial vertebral column with fore and hindlimbs." [75] [73] | An ornithomimid. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avimimus [76] | A. portentosus [76] | Shar Tsav | "Skull roof with fragmentary body elements." [77] | An avimimid. Also present in the Djadokhta Formation. | ||
A. nemegtensis [77] | Nemegt | Lower [3] | "Fragmented skull with partial skeleton." [77] | An avimimid. | ||
Conchoraptor | C. gracilis | Guriliin Tsav | Middle [45] | "Skull and a flock of articulated individuals." [78] | An oviraptorid. Also present in the Barun Goyot Formation. | |
Elmisaurus [79] | E. rarus [79] | Altan Uul II, Nemegt |
| "Fragmentary skull and partially skeletons from several specimens." [77] [80] | A caenagnathid. | |
Elongatoolithidae indet. | Indeterminate | Bügiin Tsav | "Three eggs containing embryonic remains." [81] | Oviraptorid eggs. | ||
Gobiraptor [82] | G. minutus [82] | Altan Uul III | "Partial crania with complete lower jaws and fragmented postcrania." [82] | An oviraptorid. | ||
Indeterminate | Indeterminate | Hermiin Tsav, Shar Tsav, Yagaan Khovil | "Footprint casts." [31] | Three-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to Avimimus. | ||
Nemegtomaia [83] | N. barsboldi [83] | Nemegt | Lower | "Multiple specimens including a nesting specimen and eggs." [84] | An oviraptorid also present in the Barun Goyot Formation. | |
Nomingia [85] | N. gobiensis [85] | Bügiin Tsav, Nemegt |
| "Vertebral series with partial hindlimbs and a referred pygostyle." [77] | A caenagnathid. May be synonymous with Elmisaurus . [80] | |
Oksoko [86] | O. avarsan | Bügiin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav | Middle [45] | "Multiple associated skeletons." [86] | An oviraptorid. | |
Rinchenia [87] | R. mongoliensis [87] | Altan Uul II | Middle or Upper | "Skull with nearly complete skeleton." [77] | An oviraptorid. | |
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Therizinosaurus [88] | T. cheloniformis [88] | Altan Uul, Hermiin Tsav, Nemegt | Lower [3] | "Fore and hindlimb elements from multiple specimens." [89] [90] | A giant therizinosaurid. | |
Undescribed therizinosaurids | Indeterminate | Altan Uul, Bügiin Tsav, Guriliin Tsav, Ulan Khushu | "Partial remains." [91] | Therizinosaurid remains. | ||
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Borogovia [92] | B. gracilicrus [92] | Altan Uul IV | Lower | "Partial hindlimbs." [92] | A troodontid. | |
Indeterminate | Indeterminate | Bügiin Tsav | "Footprints with poor claw marks." [68] | Two-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to either Adasaurus or Zanabazar. | ||
Tochisaurus [93] | T. nemegtensis [93] | Nemegt | Lower | "Left metatarsus." [93] | A troodontid. | |
Zanabazar [94] | Z. junior [95] | Bügiin Tsav | Middle [45] | "Skull with fragmentary postcranial skeleton." [94] | A troodontid originally identified as "Saurornithoides junior". | |
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alioramus [96] | A. remotus [96] | Nogon Tsav | "Partially preserved skull with very sparse postcranial remains." [96] | An alioramin. | ||
A. altai [97] | Tsagan Khushu | "Nearly complete skull with partial postcrania." [97] | An alioramin. | |||
Bagaraatan [98] | B. ostromi [98] | Nemegt | Lower [3] | "Fragmentary lower jaw, hindlimb and caudal vertebrae." [98] | A tyrannosauroid. | |
Indeterminate | Indeterminate | Bügiin Tsav, Bügiin Tsav II | "Footprint casts." [31] | Three-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to Tarbosaurus. | ||
R. kriegsteni [99] | "Nearly complete skeleton including the skull." [99] | A controversial genus of tyrannosaurid that could be a juvenile Tarbosaurus . [100] | ||||
Tarbosaurus [101] | T. bataar [102] | Presence in most localities [2] | "Nearly complete skeletons from multiple specimens." [101] [102] [2] | A large tyrannosaurid which was the most common large carnivore in the area. [103] | ||
Unnamed ichnotaxon | Indeterminate | Nemegt | "Footprint casts with skin impressions." [43] | Three-toed theropod tracks. Attributed to Tarbosaurus. | ||
Tyrannosauripodidae indet. | Indeterminate | Nemegt | "Five tracks." [34] | Three-toed tyrannosaurid tracks. Attributed to either Alioramus or Tarbosaurus. | ||
Homalocephale is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period of what is now the Nemegt Formation, Mongolia, about 70 million years ago. The genus was described in 1974 by Halszka Osmólska and Teresa Maryańska, and consists of a single species, H. calathocercos. Though Homalocephale has been regarded as a synonym of Prenocephale, juvenile specimens of the latter indicate that they were distinct. Homalocephale was 1.8 m (5.9 ft) long and possibly a omnivore.
Philip John Currie is a Canadian palaeontologist and museum curator who helped found the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Alberta and is now a professor at the University of Alberta in Edmonton. In the 1980s, he became the director of the Canada-China Dinosaur Project, the first cooperative palaeontological partnering between China and the West since the Central Asiatic Expeditions in the 1920s, and helped describe some of the first feathered dinosaurs. He is one of the primary editors of the influential Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, and his areas of expertise include theropods, the origin of birds, and dinosaurian migration patterns and herding behavior. He was one of the models for palaeontologist Alan Grant in the film Jurassic Park.
Adasaurus is a genus of dromaeosaurid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period about 70 million years ago. The genus is known from two partial specimens found in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia that were partially described in 1983 by the paleontologist Rinchen Barsbold.
Nemegtosaurus was a sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Mongolia. It was named after the Nemegt Basin in the Gobi Desert, where the remains — a single skull — were found. The skull resembles diplodocoids in being long and low, with pencil-shaped teeth. However, recent work has shown that Nemegtosaurus is in fact a titanosaur, closely related to animals such as Saltasaurus, Alamosaurus and Rapetosaurus.
Bagaceratops is a genus of small protoceratopsid dinosaurs that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous, around 72 to 71 million years ago. Bagaceratops remains have been reported from the Barun Goyot Formation and Bayan Mandahu Formation. One specimen may argue the possible presence of Bagaceratops in the Djadochta Formation.
The Bayan Shireh Formation is a geological formation in Mongolia, that dates to the Cretaceous period. It was first described and established by Vasiliev et al. 1959.
Tylocephale is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur, a group of dome-headed, herbivorous ornithischians, that lived during the Late Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia. It is known from a partial skull and associated mandible that were unearthed in 1971 by a Polish-Mongolian Expedition to the Barun Goyot Formation of the Gobi Desert. The specimen was described in 1974 by Polish paleontologists Teresa Maryańska and Halszka Osmólska as a new genus and species.
Kuru is a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod from the Late Cretaceous Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia. The genus contains only a single species, the type species Kuru kulla, which is known from a fragmentary skeleton including a partial skull.
Heyuannia is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous epoch, in what is now China and Mongolia. It was the first oviraptorid found in China; most others were found in neighbouring Mongolia. Two species are known: H. huangi, named by Lü Junchang in 2002 from the Dalangshan Formation; and H. yanshini, originally named as a separate genus Ingenia from the Barun Goyot Formation by Rinchen Barsbold in 1981, and later renamed to Ajancingenia in 2013 due to the preoccupation of Ingenia. The latter name was eventually discarded due to various ethical issues surrounding the author.
Hulsanpes is a genus of halszkaraptorine theropod dinosaurs that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia, about 75-72 million years ago. The remains were found in 1970 and formally described in 1982 by Halszka Osmólska, who noted that the genus is represented by an immature individual. Hulsanpes represents the first record of the basal dromaeosaurid subfamily Halszkaraptorinae.
Rinchenia is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous epoch in what is now Mongolia, Nemegt Formation, around 70 million years ago. The type and only known species, Rinchenia mongoliensis, was originally classified as a species within the genus Oviraptor, but a subsequent reexamination found differences significant enough to warrant a separate genus. The name Rinchenia was coined for this new genus, though not formally described in detail.
The Barun Goyot Formation is a geological formation dating to the Late Cretaceous Period. It is located within and is widely represented in the Gobi Desert Basin, in the Ömnögovi Province of Mongolia.
The Djadochta Formation is a highly fossiliferous geological formation situated in Central Asia, Gobi Desert, dating from the Late Cretaceous period, about 75 million to 71 million years ago. The type locality is the Bayn Dzak locality, famously known as the Flaming Cliffs. Reptile and mammal remains are among the fossils recovered from the formation.
Ceratonykus is a monospecific genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaur from Mongolia that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Barun Goyot Formation. The type and only species, Ceratonykus oculatus, is known from a fragmentary skeleton, including an incomplete skull, of an adult individual. It was named and described in 2009 by Vladimir Alifanov and Rinchen Barsbold. Its describers questioned the traditional placement of alvarezsaurs in Theropoda, instead suggesting they were ornithischians, but this has not been accepted since. Ceratonykus has an estimated length of 75 centimetres and weight of 760 grams. It has been considered as a possible junior synonym of Parvicursor.
Oksoko is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Asia, that lived in what is now the Nemegt Formation in Mongolia. It includes the type species Oksoko avarsan.
Ondogurvel is a genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Barun Goyot Formation in southern Mongolia. The type and only species is O. alifanovi, known from a partial skeleton consisting of fragments of two last dorsal vertebrae, three anterior sacral vertebrae, right ilium, left and right pubis and ischium, articulated right tibia, fibula, metatarsals II and IV, and phalanges IV-1 and IV-2, right carpometacarpus, left and right manual phalanx II-1, right femur, left pedal phalanx II-1, and fragments of unidentified phalanges.
Natovenator is a genus of halszkaraptorine dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia. The genus is known from a single species, N. polydontus. Natovenator is crucial to the understanding of halszkaraptorines due to it providing more support for the semi-aquatic lifestyle that has been proposed for this clade. This discovery is important as the semi-aquatic lifestyles of halszkaraptorines was contested in early 2022.
Jaculinykus is an extinct genus of alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia. The genus contains a single species, J. yaruui, known from a nearly complete articulated skeleton including bones of the skull. Jaculinykus is notable for its unique hand, which has a hypertrophied first digit and greatly reduced second digit, which is intermediate between the tridactyl hand of Shuvuuia and monodactyl hand of Linhenykus.
Harenadraco is an extinct genus of troodontid theropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia. The genus contains a single species, H. prima, known from a fragmentary skeleton. Harenadraco represents the first troodontid known from the Baruungoyot Formation. Since members of this family are also known from the Nemegt and Djadochta Formations, the discovery of Harendraco indicates that troodontids were important faunal components of every formation within the Nemegt Basin.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: location (link)