Nectria

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Nectria
Nectriasp.jpg
Perithecia of an unidentified Nectria species
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Nectriaceae
Genus: Nectria
(Fr.) Fr. (1849)
Type species
Nectria cinnabarina
(Tode) Fr. (1849)
Synonyms [1]

Ephedrosphaera Dumort. (1822)
ChilonectriaSacc. (1878)
Nectria subgen. Aponectria Sacc. (1878)
MegalonectriaSpeg. (1881)
Aponectria(Sacc.) Sacc. (1883)
Stilbonectria P.Karst. (1889)
Allantonectria Earle (1901)
Creonectria Seaver (1909)
Rhodothrix Vain. (1921)
Styloletendraea Weese (1924)
OchraceosporaFiore (1930)

Nectria is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. They are most often encountered as saprophytes on decaying wood but some species can also occur as parasites of trees, especially fruit trees (for example apple) and a number of other hardwood trees. Some species are significant pests causing diseases such as apple canker, Nectria twig blight, and coral spot in orchards.

It is ubiquitous in cool temperate Europe and North America and appears to be an introduced species in New Zealand and Australia. The occurrence in New Zealand was first identified in 1996 in Otago and Southland although it is believed to have been present since the 1980s. In North America, Nectria infections have had economically important impacts on forestry and forest products including aspen, red oak, maple, beech, poplar, and birch. Species of Nectria also occur in warmer climates including island groups such as Hawaii.

There were around 800 epithets proposed for Nectria sensu lato with 200 estimated species (Booth 1959, [2] Rossman 1999). [3] According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the genus contains 82 species in 2008. [4] 29 species are accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020. [5]

Selected species

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sordariomycetes</span> Class of fungi

Sordariomycetes is a class of fungi in the subdivision Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota). It is the second-largest class of Ascomycota, with a worldwide distribution that mostly accommodates terrestrial based taxa, although several can also be found in aquatic habitats. Some are phytopathogens that can cause leaf, stem, and root diseases in a wide variety of hosts, while other genera can cause diseases in arthropods and mammals.

Spegazzinia is a genus of widely distributed mitosporic ascomycete fungi in the family Didymosphaeriaceae.As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Hypocreaceae are a family within the class Sordariomycetes. Species of Hypocreaceae are usually recognized by their brightly colored, perithecial ascomata, typically yellow, orange or red. The family was proposed by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1844. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi, the family has 22 genera and 454 species. In 2020, it was re-analysed and determined to have only 17 genera and about 658 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nectriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Nectriaceae comprise a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. It was circumscribed by brothers Charles and Louis René Tulasne in 1865. In 2020, an Outline of fungi was produced and listed 70 genera and about 1,336 species.

<i>Nectria cinnabarina</i> Fungal plant pathogen

Nectria cinnabarina, also known as coral spot, is a plant pathogen that causes cankers on broadleaf trees. This disease is polycyclic and infects trees in the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. N. cinnabarina is typically saprophytic, but will act as a weak parasite if presented with an opportunity via wounds in the tree or other stressors that weaken the tree's defense to the disease. A study published in 2011 showed that this complex consists of at least 4 distinct species. There are only a few ways to manage this disease with techniques such as sanitation and pruning away branches that have the cankers. N. cinnabarina is not as significant a problem as other Nectria spp., some of which are the most important pathogens to infect hardwood trees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Botryosphaeriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Botryosphaeriaceae are a family of sac fungi (Ascomycetes), which is the type representative of the order Botryosphaeriales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 26 genera and over 1500 species. Members of this order include notable plant pathogens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stictidaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Stictidaceae are a family of fungi in the order Ostropales. The family was first described by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1849.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bionectriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Bionectriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate places 35 genera and 281 species in the family. Species in the family tend to grow on plant material, including woody debris, while some species associate with algae, bryophytes, or other fungi.

Lasionectria is a genus of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes. It consisted of six species in 2008, and 16 in 2023.

Protocreopsis is a genus of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes. It consisted of nine species in 2008, and up to 11 species in 2023.

<i>Massarina</i> Genus of fungi

Massarina is a genus of fungi in the Massarinaceae family. Anamorph forms of species in Massarina include Acrocalymma, Ceratophoma, and Tetraploa. Massarina was circumscribed by Pier Andrea Saccardo in 1883. The widespread genus contains about 100 species.

Trichosphaerella is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Niessliaceae.

<i>Corallomycetella</i> Genus of fungi

Corallomycetella is a genus of ascomycete fungi in the family Nectriaceae. Species of Corallomycetella are tropical, and are characterized by the formation of brightly colored rhizomorphs of their rhizostilbella-like asexual morphs. These fungi causes a number of plant diseases including 'violet root rot' of Theobroma cacao, root rot of Carica papaya, and 'stinking root disease' of several tropical woody plants. Two species of Corallomycetella are recognized: Corallomycetella elegans C. Herrera & P. Chaverri and Corallomycetella repens Rossman & Samuels. Corallomycetella jatrophae is now classified under Corallonectria.

<i>Neonectria</i> Genus of fungi

Neonectria is a genus of fungi in the family Nectriaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clark Thomas Rogerson</span> American mycologist (1918–2001)

Clark Thomas Rogerson,, was an American mycologist. He was known for his work in the Hypocreales (Ascomycota), particularly Hypomyces, a genus of fungi that parasitize other fungi. After receiving his doctorate from Cornell University in 1950, he went on to join the faculty of Kansas State University. In 1958, he became a curator at The New York Botanical Garden, and served as editor for various academic journals published by the Garden. Rogerson was involved with the Mycological Society of America, serving in various positions, including president in 1969. He was managing editor (1958–89) and editor-in-chief (1960–65) of the scientific journal Mycologia.

<i>Bertia</i> (fungus) Genus of fungi

Bertia is a genus of fungi within the Bertiaceae family, and Hypocreomycetidae subclass.

Epibryon is a genus of fungi, and the sole genus in the monogeneric family Epibryaceae. It has about 40 species. Many of the species grow parasitically on bryophytes. The genus was circumscribed by mycologist Peter Döbbeler in 1978; the family by Soili Stenroos and Cécile Gueidan in 2014.

Microcera is a genus of Ascomycete fungi in the Nectriaceae family.

<i>Discosia</i> Genus of fungi

Discosia is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.

References

  1. "Nectria (Fr.) Fr. 1849". Index Fungorum. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
  2. Booth, C. (1959). "Studies of Pyrenomycetes: IV. Nectria (Part I)". Mycological Papers. 73: 1–115.
  3. Rossman, A.Y.; Samuels, G.J.; Rogerson, C.T.; Lowen, R. (1999). "Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes)". Studies in Mycology. 42: 1–248.
  4. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 461. ISBN   978-0-85199-826-8.
  5. Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 .
  6. Hirooka, Y.; Rossman, A.Y.; Chaverri, P. (2011). "A morphological and phylogenetic revision of the Nectria cinnabarina species complex". Stud. Mycol. 68: 35–56. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.02. PMC   3065984 . PMID   21523188.