Hypostomus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. The taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae is still being expanded by scientists. Hypostomus is a highly species-rich and widely distributed catfish genus.
Hemiancistrus is a genus of suckermouth armored catfishes. These species are native to South America. The taxonomy of this genus is complex and unclear, and major work has to be done. Many of these fish are popular aquarium fish.
The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Loricariidae, composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species. This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species.
Pimelodus is a genus of fish in the family Pimelodidae native to Central and South America.
Hisonotus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. Species of Hisonotus and Curculionichthys are the only representatives of the subfamily Otothyrinae having serrae on the posterior edge of the pectoral fin spine. These species are small fishes, generally found in small fast flowing streams, where they grasp to the branches and leaves of aquatic or subaquatic plants. The species of this genus mostly occur in Atlantic coastal streams of southern Brazil and the Paraguay-Paraná system of southern South America. They are also distributed in the Río de La Plata basin and coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil.
Harttia is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.
Pareiorhaphis is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae native to South America. This genus can be readily distinguished from other neoplecostomines by the unique combination of having fleshy lobes on lateral margins of head ornamented with hypertrophied odontodes on nuptial males, caudal peduncle ovoid in cross section, abdomen usually naked, dorsal fin spinelet ovoid and adipose fin usually present. The color pattern is usually dark brown and mottled with the abdomen white. Most species in to Pareiorhaphis were originally described in Hemipsilichthys. In 1918, Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro proposed the new genus Pareiorhaphis. Whether Pareiorhaphis is monophyletic or not is currently unknown.
Neoplecostominae is a subfamily of South American catfishes of the family Loricariidae. Species of this subfamily live in high-mountain and swift-flowing river habitats.
Pareiorhina is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America where they are only found in Brazil. These species are known to occur at altitudes above 650 metres (2100 ft) in various rivers of the Grande, Paraíba do Sul, São Francisco and Tietê River basins. This genus was first erected by Gosline in 1947 as a monotypic genus to include Rhinelepis rudolphi. It was not until 2003 that a second species, P. carrancas, was described. The third species, P. brachyrhyncha was described in 2005. Pareiorhina forms a monophyletic subunit with Neoplecostomus within the subfamily Neoplecostominae.
Rhinolekos is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. This genus is only known from the Tocantizinho River and Paranaiba River drainage in Goiás, Brazil.
Curculionichthys is a genus of fish in the family Loricariidae native to South America.
Harttia absaberi is a species of armored catfish where it is found in the upper rio Paraná drainage in Brazil.
Neoplecostomus bandeirante is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraitinguinha River, which is a tributary of the Tietê River, in the vicinity of Salesópolis in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The species reaches 11 cm in standard length. Its specific name, bandeirante, refers to the bandeirantes of colonial Brazil.
Neoplecostomus botucatu is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known only from the Pardo River basin near Botucatu in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The species reaches 10.2 cm in standard length. Its specific name, botucatu, refers to the municipality where specimens of the species were collected.
Neoplecostomus langeanii is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Muzambinho River basin near Muzambinho in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The species reaches 8.6 cm in standard length. Its specific name, langeanii, honors Francisco Langeani of São Paulo State University for his contributions to the ichthyology of the Neotropical realm.
Neoplecostomus doceensis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Doce River basin in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. It is typically found in small to medium-sized rivers with clear water, rocky outcrops, small waterfalls, and substrates composed of rocks and sand. The species reaches 10.1 cm in standard length.
Neoplecostomus jaguari is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Jaguari River in the Tietê River basin, which is part of the upper Paraná River system in southeastern Brazil. The species reaches 9.3 cm in standard length.
Neoplecostomus paraty is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known from coastal streams in Serra da Bocaina National Park, near the municipality of Paraty in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The species reaches at least 9.2 cm in standard length. It was described in 2017 by Arieli Matheus Cherobim, Henrique Lazzarotto, and Francisco Langeani on the basis of its distinctive coloration and morphology. FishBase does not yet list this species.
Harttia intermontana is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the headwaters of the Doce River basin in the Mantiqueira Mountains in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The species reaches at least 8 cm in standard length. It was described in 2019 by Jose Carlos de Oliveira and Osvaldo Takeshi Oyakawa alongside the species Neoplecostomus pirangaensis and Pareiorhaphis togoroi. FishBase does not yet list this species.
Neoplecostomus pirangaensis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the headwaters of the Doce River basin in the Mantiqueira Mountains in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The species reaches at least 8.3 cm in standard length. It was described in 2019 by Jose Carlos de Oliveira and Osvaldo Takeshi Oyakawa alongside the species Harttia intermontana and Pareiorhaphis togoroi. FishBase does not yet list this species.
