Nickel(II) bromide

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Nickel(II) bromide
Kristallstruktur Cadmiumiodid.png
NiBr2 powder.jpg
Anhydrous
Bromid nikelnaty.PNG
Hexahydrate
Names
IUPAC name
Nickel(II) bromide
Other names
Nickel dibromide,
Nickel bromide,
Nickelous bromide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.318 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2BrH.Ni/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 X mark.svgN
    Key: IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L X mark.svgN
  • [Ni+2].[Br-].[Br-]
Properties
NiBr2
Molar mass 218.53 g/mol
Appearanceyellow-brown crystals
Odor odorless
Density 5.10 g/cm3 [1]
Melting point 963 °C (1,765 °F; 1,236 K) sublimes [1]
1.13 kg/L (0 °C)
1.22 kg/L (10 °C)
1.31 kg/L (20 °C) [1]
1.44 kg/L (40 °C)
1.55 kg/L (100 °C) [2]
Band gap 2.5 eV [3]
+5600.0·10−6 cm3/mol [4]
Structure [5]
hexagonal, hR9
R3m, No. 166
a = 0.36998 nm, c = 1.82796 nm
3
Thermochemistry [6]
−212.1 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Irritant, corrosive
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
1
0
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
nickel(II) fluoride
nickel(II) chloride
nickel(II) iodide
Other cations
cobalt(II) bromide
copper(II) bromide
palladium(II) bromide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nickel(II) bromide is the name for the inorganic compounds with the chemical formula NiBr2(H2O)x. The value of x can be 0 for the anhydrous material, as well as 2, 3, or 6 for the three known hydrate forms. The anhydrous material is a yellow-brown solid which dissolves in water to give blue-green hexahydrate (see picture).

Contents

Structure

The structure of the nickel bromides varies with the degree of hydration. In all of these cases, the nickel(II) ion adopts an octahedral molecular geometry. Similar structures are observed in aqueous solutions of nickel bromide. [7]

Reactions and uses

NiBr2 has Lewis acid character, as indicated by its tendency to hydrate and form adducts with a variety of other Lewis bases.

NiBr2 is also used to prepare catalysts for cross-coupling reactions and various carbonylations. [8] NiBr2-glyme shows increased activity compared to NiCl2-glyme for some transformations. [10]

NiBr2-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction NiBr2 scheme.tif
NiBr2-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction

Safety

This compound is a suspected carcinogen. [11]

Related Research Articles

Iron(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula FeCl3. Also called ferric chloride, it is a common compound of iron in the +3 oxidation state. The anhydrous compound is a crystalline solid with a melting point of 307.6 °C. The colour depends on the viewing angle: by reflected light the crystals appear dark green, but by transmitted light they appear purple-red.

Neodymium(III) chloride or neodymium trichloride is a chemical compound of neodymium and chlorine with the formula NdCl3. This anhydrous compound is a mauve-colored solid that rapidly absorbs water on exposure to air to form a purple-colored hexahydrate, NdCl3·6H2O. Neodymium(III) chloride is produced from minerals monazite and bastnäsite using a complex multistage extraction process. The chloride has several important applications as an intermediate chemical for production of neodymium metal and neodymium-based lasers and optical fibers. Other applications include a catalyst in organic synthesis and in decomposition of waste water contamination, corrosion protection of aluminium and its alloys, and fluorescent labeling of organic molecules (DNA).

In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Aluminium chloride, also known as aluminium trichloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula AlCl3. It forms hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H2O)6]Cl3, containing six water molecules of hydration. Both are colourless crystals, but samples are often contaminated with iron(III) chloride, giving a yellow color.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cobalt(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Cobalt(II) chloride is an inorganic compound of cobalt and chlorine, with the formula CoCl
2
. The compound forms several hydrates CoCl
2
·nH
2
O
, for n = 1, 2, 6, and 9. Claims of the formation of tri- and tetrahydrates have not been confirmed. The anhydrous form is a blue crystalline solid; the dihydrate is purple and the hexahydrate is pink. Commercial samples are usually the hexahydrate, which is one of the most commonly used cobalt compounds in the lab.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(III) chloride (also called chromic chloride) describes any of several chemical compounds with the formula CrCl3 · xH2O, where x can be 0, 5, and 6. The anhydrous compound with the formula CrCl3 is a violet solid. The most common form of the trichloride is the dark green hexahydrate, CrCl3 · 6 H2O. Chromium chlorides find use as catalysts and as precursors to dyes for wool.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Nickel(II) chloride (or just nickel chloride) is the chemical compound NiCl2. The anhydrous salt is yellow, but the more familiar hydrate NiCl2·6H2O is green. Nickel(II) chloride, in various forms, is the most important source of nickel for chemical synthesis. The nickel chlorides are deliquescent, absorbing moisture from the air to form a solution. Nickel salts have been shown to be carcinogenic to the lungs and nasal passages in cases of long-term inhalation exposure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithium bromide</span> Chemical compound

Lithium bromide (LiBr) is a chemical compound of lithium and bromine. Its extreme hygroscopic character makes LiBr useful as a desiccant in certain air conditioning systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iron(II) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Iron(II) fluoride or ferrous fluoride is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula FeF2. It forms a tetrahydrate FeF2·4H2O that is often referred to by the same names. The anhydrous and hydrated forms are white crystalline solids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel(II) iodide</span> Chemical compound

Nickel(II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula NiI2. This paramagnetic black solid dissolves readily in water to give bluish-green solutions, from which crystallizes the aquo complex [Ni(H2O)6]I2 (image above). This bluish-green colour is typical of hydrated nickel(II) compounds. Nickel iodides find some applications in homogeneous catalysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminium fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Aluminium fluoride refers to inorganic compounds with the formula AlF3·xH2O. They are all colorless solids. Anhydrous AlF3 is used in the production of aluminium metal. Several occur as minerals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calcium bromide</span> Chemical compound

Calcium bromide is the name for compounds with the chemical formula CaBr2(H2O)x. Individual compounds include the anhydrous material (x = 0), the hexahydrate (x = 6), and the rare dihydrate (x = 2). All are white powders that dissolve in water, and from these solutions crystallizes the hexahydrate. The hydrated form is mainly used in some drilling fluids.

Nickel compounds are chemical compounds containing the element nickel which is a member of the group 10 of the periodic table. Most compounds in the group have an oxidation state of +2. Nickel is classified as a transition metal with nickel(II) having much chemical behaviour in common with iron(II) and cobalt(II). Many salts of nickel(II) are isomorphous with salts of magnesium due to the ionic radii of the cations being almost the same. Nickel forms many coordination complexes. Nickel tetracarbonyl was the first pure metal carbonyl produced, and is unusual in its volatility. Metalloproteins containing nickel are found in biological systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neodymium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Neodymium(III) bromide is an inorganic salt of bromine and neodymium the formula NdBr3. The anhydrous compound is an off-white to pale green solid at room temperature, with an orthorhombic PuBr3-type crystal structure. The material is hygroscopic and forms a hexahydrate in water (NdBr3· 6H2O), similar to the related neodymium(III) chloride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samarium(II) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Samarium(II) bromide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SmBr
2
. It is a brown solid that is insoluble in most solvents but degrades readily in air.

Nickel is one of the metals that can form Tutton's salts. The singly charged ion can be any of the full range of potassium, rubidium, cesium, ammonium (), or thallium. As a mineral the ammonium nickel salt, (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 · 6 H2O, can be called nickelboussingaultite. With sodium, the double sulfate is nickelblödite Na2Ni(SO4)2 · 4 H2O from the blödite family. Nickel can be substituted by other divalent metals of similar sized to make mixtures that crystallise in the same form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel oxyacid salts</span>

The Nickel oxyacid salts are a class of chemical compounds of nickel with an oxyacid. The compounds include a number of minerals and industrially important nickel compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel(II) thiocyanate</span> Chemical compound

Nickel(II) thiocyanate is a coordination polymer with formula Ni(SCN)2. It is a green-brown solid and its crystal structure was determined first in 1982.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel(II) perchlorate</span> Compound of nickel

Nickel(II) perchlorate is a inorganic compound with the chemical formula of Ni(ClO4)2, and it is a strong oxidizing agent. Its colours are different depending on water. For example, the hydrate forms cyan crystals, the pentahydrate forms green crystals, but the hexahydrate (Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O) forms blue crystals.

Cobalt compounds are chemical compounds formed by cobalt with other elements. In the compound, the most stable oxidation state of cobalt is the +2 oxidation state, and in the presence of specific ligands, there are also stable compounds with +3 valence. In addition, there are cobalt compounds in high oxidation states +4, +5 and low oxidation states -1, 0, +1.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Haynes, p. 4.73
  2. nickel(II) bromide. chemister.ru
  3. Lee, Geunseop; Oh, S.-J. (1991). "Electronic structures of NiO, CoO, and FeO studied by 2pcore-level x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy". Physical Review B. 43 (18): 14674–14682. Bibcode:1991PhRvB..4314674L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.43.14674. PMID   9997359.
  4. Haynes, p. 4.129
  5. 1 2 Nasser, J.A.; Kiat, J.M.; Gabilly, R. (1992). "X-ray investigation of magnetostriction in NiBr2". Solid State Communications. 82 (1): 49–54. Bibcode:1992SSCom..82...49N. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(92)90404-W.
  6. Haynes, p. 5.29
  7. 1 2 Wakita, Hisanobu; Ichihashi, Mitsuyoshi; Mibuchi, Takeharu; Masuda, Isao (1982). "The Structure of Nickel(II) Bromide in Highly Concentrated Aqueous Solution by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 55 (3): 817–821. doi: 10.1246/bcsj.55.817 .
  8. 1 2 Luh, Tien-Yau; Kuo, Chi-Hong (2001-01-01). Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn009. ISBN   9780470842898.
  9. Defotis, G. C.; Goodey, J. R.; Narducci, A. A.; Welch, M. H. (1996). "NiBr2·3H2O, a lower dimensional antiferromagnet". Journal of Applied Physics. 79 (8): 4718. doi:10.1063/1.361651.
  10. Konev, Mikhail O.; Hanna, Luke E.; Jarvo, Elizabeth R. (2016-06-01). "Intra- and Intermolecular Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions of Benzylic Esters with Aryl Halides". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 (23): 6730–6733. doi: 10.1002/anie.201601206 . PMID   27099968.
  11. "NICKEL BROMIDE | CAMEO Chemicals | NOAA".

Cited sources