North African hedgehog

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North African hedgehog
Atelerix algirus.jpg
A North African hedgehog in the Balearic Islands
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Eulipotyphla
Family: Erinaceidae
Genus: Atelerix
Species:
A. algirus [2]
Binomial name
Atelerix algirus [2]
(Lereboullet, 1842)
North African Hedgehog area.png
North African hedgehog range

The North African hedgehog (Atelerix algirus) or Algerian hedgehog, is a mammal species in the family Erinaceidae native to Algeria, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and Tunisia. Little is known about this hedgehog, even though the most common breed of domesticated hedgehogs is a result of crossing a four-toed hedgehog with a North African hedgehog. Because this species of hedgehog is native to Africa, it has been suggested that it was introduced by humans to the other countries where it is now found, including Spain and the Canary Islands. Of the four African hedgehog species, the North African hedgehog is the only one of these hedgehogs that occurs outside Africa. [3] Because the North African hedgehog has such a wide habitat range and has a seemingly stable population, both in the wild and in the domesticated capacity, it does not appear to currently be at risk.[ citation needed ]

Contents

Description

The North African hedgehog closely resembles the European hedgehog but there are several distinct differences between the two species. The North African hedgehog tends to be smaller than its European counterpart, measuring between 20 and 25 cm (7.9 and 9.8 in) long [1] and weighing up to 650 grams. [4] However, it is larger than the other African species of hedgehogs and has a longer snout and longer legs, making it a faster runner. Its face is light in colour, usually appearing to be white, and the legs and head are brown. The underbelly of this animal can vary in colour and is often either brown or white. Its ears are highly visible on the head of the animal and are large. The body is covered in soft spines, which are mostly white with darker banding. [5] It is most distinguishable from physically similar relatives by the lack of spines on the crown of the head, meaning a lack of the widow's peak. [6]

The species is commonly infested by the hedgehog flea, Archaeopsylla erinacei maura. [7]

Distribution and habitat

Very little is actually known about the preferred habitat of the North African hedgehog. It has been found in Mediterranean conifer and mixed forest climates as are present in southern mountainous regions of Spain and northern Africa. [1] In northern Africa, it can be found from Morocco to Libya, but is not able to survive in dry desert regions around this area. It can be found in other warmer regions as well, including the Canary Islands, and the Balearics. Within these regions, it can often be spotted in garden and park areas. It is extirpated from France. [5]

Behaviour and ecology

The gestation period of the North African hedgehog ranges from 30 to 40 days, and the litter size is between three and 10 hoglets. Two litters are often born in a season October to March. The hoglets are born with hairless, pinkish skin as well as small, soft spines, which are later shed once the hedgehog acquires its harder, stiffer set of quills at around four weeks of age; [4] and generally weigh between 12 and 20 grams. [5] This species reaches sexual maturity at eight to ten weeks of age and does not mate for life, that is this hedgehog does not participate in pair bonding. [8]

Parasites

As all wild mammals, the North African hedgehog is the host of parasites. A detailed study in Mallorca found many parasites of the intestinal tract, including the nematodes Physaloptera immerpani, Spirura rytipleurites seurati, Aonchotheca erinacei and Gongylonema sp., the trematode Brachylaima sp. and the cestode Mathevotaenia sp., and the acanthocephalans Moniliformis saudi and Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus. [9] The lungs were infected by the nematodes Crenosoma striatum and Eucoleus sp. [9] More importantly, the brains were infected by the zoonotic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis , also known as rat lungworm, the agent of angiostrongyliasis. [9] Angiostrongylus cantonensis had a seasonal pattern, with most cases occurring in autumn. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hedgehog</span> Subfamily of small spiny mammals

A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are seventeen species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. There are no hedgehogs native to Australia and no living species native to the Americas. However, the extinct genus Amphechinus was once present in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erinaceidae</span> Family of mammals

Erinaceidae is a family in the order Eulipotyphla, consisting of the hedgehogs and moonrats. Until recently, it was assigned to the order Erinaceomorpha, which has been subsumed with the paraphyletic Soricomorpha into Eulipotyphla. Eulipotyphla has been shown to be monophyletic; Soricomorpha is paraphyletic because both Soricidae and Talpidae share a more recent common ancestor with Erinaceidae than with solenodons.

The domesticated hedgehog kept as a pet is typically the African pygmy hedgehog. Other species kept as pets include the long-eared hedgehog and the Indian long-eared hedgehog.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long-eared hedgehog</span> Species of mammal

The long-eared hedgehog is a species of hedgehog native to Central Asian countries and some countries of the Middle East. The long-eared hedgehog lives in burrows that it either makes or finds and is distinguished by its long ears. It is considered one of the smallest Middle Eastern hedgehogs. This hedgehog is insectivorous but may also feed on small vertebrates and plants. In captivity they can live for over 7 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Four-toed hedgehog</span> Species of mammal

The four-toed hedgehog, also known as the African pygmy hedgehog, is a species of hedgehog found throughout much of central and eastern Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater white-toothed shrew</span> Species of mammal

The greater white-toothed shrew is a small insectivorous mammal found in Europe and North Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hero shrew</span> Species of shrew

The hero shrew, also known as the armored shrew, is a large shrew native to the Congo Basin of Africa. Its features are typical of a white-toothed shrew − short legs, slender snout, dense fur − except for a highly unusual spinal column. It has corrugated interlocking vertebrae that are unique among mammals except for its sister species, Thor's hero shrew. This unique adaptation allows the animal to bear a huge amount of weight on its back − 72 kg (159 lb) according to an expedition team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern African hedgehog</span> Species of mammal

The Southern African hedgehog is a species of mammal in the family Erinaceidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Desert hedgehog</span> Species of mammal

The desert hedgehog is a species of mammal in the family Erinaceidae.

<i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i> Species of roundworm

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a nematode (roundworm) parasite that causes angiostrongyliasis, an infection that is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin. The nematode commonly resides in the pulmonary arteries of rats, giving it the common name rat lungworm. Snails and slugs are the primary intermediate hosts, where larvae develop until they are infectious.

Ganula is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Hygromiidae.

El-Marsa Forest, also referred to as Forest Roussegonia or Aguellou n'Tamentfoust, is a forest situated within the commune of El-Marsa, within the Algiers Province. It is overseen by the Directorate of Forests and the Green Belt (CFA), and its activities are subject to the supervision of the General Directorate of Forests (DGF).

References

  1. 1 2 3 Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N. (2022). "Atelerix algirus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T27926A22324424. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T27926A22324424.en .
  2. 1 2 Hutterer, R. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 212–213. ISBN   978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC   62265494.
  3. ↑ Stone, R. D. (1995). "Algerian hedgehog (Atelerix algirus)". In IUCN Insectivore, Tree Shrew and Elephant Shrew Specialist Group (ed.). Eurasian insectivores and tree shrews : status survey and conservation action plan. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. pp. 8–10. ISBN   2-8317-0062-0.
  4. 1 2 Antoni Alcover, J., ed. (1988). "Mamífers Actuals". els Mamífers de les Balears. Palma de Mallorca: Editorial Moll. p. 79. ISBN   84-273-0265-7.
  5. 1 2 3 Vriends, M. M. (2000). Hedgehogs. Barron's Educational Series. ISBN   0-7641-1325-9.
  6. ↑ Nick Lloyd (2007). "Alberian hedgehog". IberiaNature. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
  7. ↑ Jordan & Rothschild (1912). "On Siphonaptera collected in Algeria". Novitates Zoologicae . 19: 357–372. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.1553.
  8. ↑ Animal World (2007). "African hedgehog". African Pygmy Hedgehog. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Delgado-Serra, Sofia; Sola, Jessica; Riera, Miquel Puig; Jaume-Ramis, Sebastià; Sanz-Aguilar, Ana; Paredes-Esquivel, Claudia (2024). "Helminth diversity and seasonality of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in hedgehogs from Mallorca". Parasite. 31: 69. doi:10.1051/parasite/2024069. ISSN   1776-1042. PMC   11540299 . PMID   39504471.
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