North Killingholme

Last updated

North Killingholme
St. Crispin's Close, North Killingholme - geograph.org.uk - 109462.jpg
St Crispins Close (2006)
Lincolnshire UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
North Killingholme
Location within Lincolnshire
Population292 (2011 census)
OS grid reference TA141174
•  London 150 mi (240 km)  S
Civil parish
  • North Killingholme
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town IMMINGHAM
Postcode district DN40
Dialling code 01469
Police Humberside
Fire Humberside
Ambulance East Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Lincolnshire
53°38′25″N0°16′30″W / 53.6404°N 0.2750°W / 53.6404; -0.2750

North Killingholme is a small village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England.

Contents

Situated on the southern bank of the Humber Estuary north-west of Grimsby, Killingholme is divided into two administrative districts, to its south being the civil parish of South Killingholme.

The harbour of North Killingholme Haven, and the Humber Sea Terminal (2000–) are in the northern part of the parish, on the banks of the Humber Estuary. The Lindsey Oil Refinery (1968–), and the Killingholme A and Killingholme B power stations (1990s–) are in the parish, north-east of the village.

South Killingholme village is located south-west of the oil refinery – it is small in both area and population – the church of St Denys dates from the Middle Ages, and adjacent are the remains of two moated sites, formerly belonging to the Booth family who were lords of the manor and patrons of the living of Killingholme until Victorian times.

The former RAF North Killingholme is in the southern part of the civil parish, built and used during the Second World War.

Geography

The parish of North Killingholme extends from the Humber Estuary foreshore roughly south-west through Lindsey Oil Refinery; the village of North Killingholme; and the former RAF North Killingholme to a boundary with the civil parish of Ulceby formed by the canalized water course, Skitter Beck. The parish is roughly 3.7 miles (6 km) long (north-west to south-east) and 1.2 miles (2 km) wide, widening to 2.5 miles (4 km) wide at the banks of the Humber. The drain outfall, harbour and port of North Killingholme Haven is in the northernmost corner of the parish on the Humber banks. To the south-east is the civil parish of South Killingholme; to the north-west is the civil parish of East Halton. [1] [2]

North Killingholme is low-lying land, rising slowly from less than 16 feet (5 m) above sea level near the Humber to maxima of over 33 feet (10 m) to the south-western edges. A local peak of 56 feet (17 m) is found close to the church in the middle of the parish. [2]

Rail lines for Immingham and refineries passing through the parish (2009) Railway towards the Refineries and Immingham Docks - geograph.org.uk - 1405379.jpg
Rail lines for Immingham and refineries passing through the parish (2009)

Approximately 50% of the land area of the parish is in industrial or logistical use: land in industrial use includes the Humber Sea Terminal at North Killingholme Haven; the Lindsey Oil Refinery, and its two power stations adjacent north-west of the site (see Killingholme A and Killingholme B); as well as industrial estate development near the disused former RAF airfield. Much of the remainder of the parishes land is in agricultural use, with regular enclosed fields drained by man made channels. Additionally there is a nature reserve at North Killingholme Haven, a former clay extraction pit; some small woods; and the small village of North Killingholme. A branch line for the Immingham Dock (formerly the Humber Commercial Railway) runs through the parish near the southern boundary, and also serves the oil refinery via sidings. [2]

The parish had a population of 224 at the 2001 census, [3] and at the 2011 census a population of 292. [4] The parish is in the Ferry ward of North Lincolnshire. [5] South Killingholme village is the only habitation of any note in the parish. [2]

History

The name Killingholme is Swedish and translates into 'Goat kid islet'. There are numerous 'Killingholme' and 'Killingholmen' in Sweden, as well as in Finland (which for 700 years was part of Sweden).

There is evidence of human settlement in the Killingholme area dating to the pre-historical period – Neolithic stone axes were found close to the village in the late 1890s; [6] from the Iron Age/Roman period part of a stone quern has been found in land between North and South Killingholme. [7]

St Denys' Church, Killingholme (2007) The Church Tower - North Killingholme - geograph.org.uk - 522802.jpg
St Denys' Church, Killingholme (2007)

The church of St Denys dates at the earliest to the Norman period, with a 12th-century priest's door, as well as the arch at the base of the tower. The chancel is 13th-century, and the nave 14–15th century, with a clerestory added in the 16–17th century. The church was built mainly of limestone and ironstone, with brick, chalk, flint and rubble work, and some ashlar dressing. The church was restored in the 1700s, 1847, 1868, 1889, 1910 and 1926 including a new chancel arch, and brick buttresses. The font is 14th-century. [8] [9] [10] [note 1]

Approximately 0.6 miles (1 km) north of the village is the medieval moated site known as North Garth, with an inner 'island' 131 by 66 feet (40 by 20 m), and moats of 20 feet (6 m) wide and 3.3 to 4.9 feet (1 to 1.5 m) deep. To the south are further enclosures, also ditched or moated to a depth of 3.3 feet (1 m). [12] [13] [note 2]

The site of the deserted medieval village of Holtham ( TA 1477 1675 ) may lie approximately halfway between North and South Killingholme. [14]

Killingholme Manor Farm (2007) North Killingholme Manor House - geograph.org.uk - 521099.jpg
Killingholme Manor Farm (2007)

A second moated site is found around Manor Farm, consisting of two areas. The larger, 790 by 590 feet (240 by 180 m), has a moat of around 32.8 by 6.6 feet (10 by 2 m) wide by deep, still water filled in parts; a smaller moated area of 160 feet (50 m) square is in the north-west corner of the first with its northern and western moats formed by the outer moat. [15] [note 2] A red brick and pantile farmhouse (former manor house, where the Booths were seated until the 18th century [16] ) within the site dates to the 1500s (east wing), with a west wing added in the 17th century. The older wing is thought to be the remains of a larger manor house. ( White 1872 ) states the old house was thought to date to the reign of Henry VII, though current thought places what remains of it in the reign of Elizabeth I. [17] [18] [8] To the east a stables/granary dates to the mid 1700s. [19]

Both North and South Killingholme were enclosed in 1779 when the Booth family were lords of the manor. [20] [21] In 1821 the parish of North Killingholme, including the hamlet of South Killingholme, had a population of 438. [22] By 1872 the parish contained 770 persons of which 196 were in North Killingholme. [23] In this period (1880s) the parish was almost entirely agricultural, excluding a small brick and tile works near North Killingholme Haven; almost all of the agricultural land was regular enclosed fields; there were two small woods, Burkinshaw's Covert and Chase Hill Wood, north-east of the village. [24] Excluding the developments on the Humber Bank at the Haven the general situation in the parish remained unchanged to the Second World War, with only minor growth of the village – a subsidiary development of a few houses to the south-west of the village centre, named Garden Village. [25]

At North Killingholme Haven clay extraction for cement manufacture took place from 1909 to 1913. Additionally a pier for fuelling Royal Navy ships was constructed c. 1912; [26] and a seaplane base opened nearby in 1914 and closed 1919. [27] (see also RNAS Killingholme)

As part of the development of the Immingham Dock, a branch line, the Humber Commercial Railway (operational 1901), was constructed from a junction near Ulceby railway station running northeast through the parish towards the new dock. [28] [29]

An airfield was established southwest of the village during the Second World War, and used extensively by heavy bomber squadrons. (See RAF North Killingholme) Much of the airfield was built during the Second World War including the three concrete runways, and hangars, storehouses and offices. [30] [31] Additionally two heavy anti-aircraft batteries were sited in the parish during the Second World War. [32] [33]

In the post Second World War period much of the land near the Humber north-west of Grimsby was developed for heavy or large scale industrial use. (see Industry of the South Humber Bank.) The "Lindsey Oil Refinery" was developed by Total Oil and Fina north-east of the village of North Killingholme from 1968. [34] The village was relatively unchanged by these developments, though the number of dwellings had roughly doubled by the beginning of the 1970s, mainly scattered detached and semi-detached houses. [25]

In 1960 the CEGB acquired a 360 acres (146 ha) site near Killingholme, and in 1972 obtained consent for a 4 GW oil fired power station, some enabling construction work was begun, but the project was abandoned after the 1973 oil crisis. In 1985 the Killingholme site was listed as a possible NIREX disposal site for low level nuclear waste, causing substantial opposition both locally and from the then Humberside County Council. In 1986 the CEGB listed Killingholme as a potential site for a coal fired power station. [35] In 1992 Powergen constructed a 900 MW combined cycle gas fired powerstation north of the Lindsey Oil Refinery, [36] known as Killingholme B power station. In 1993 National Power selected the proposed oil powerstation site for a CCGT power station, the approximate 650 MW Killingholme A power station. [37]

From the 1990s onwards a Roll-on/Roll-off ferry terminal, was constructed at the haven: the first two berths opened 2000; a second pair c. 2004; and a third pair after 2006. [26] (see Humber Sea Terminal.)

By the 21st century housing development at village had completed infilling at the satellite Garden village, and created two continuous rows of houses near east of the traditional centre along St Crispin's Close and Church Lane, approximately 10 structures per side on each road, mostly semi-detached houses or higher status. [2]

Notes

  1. ↑ The present vicarage to the church dates to the mid 1800s and is listed. [11]
  2. 1 2 Both moated sites are scheduled monuments

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humber</span> Large tidal estuary in north-east England

The Humber is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal rivers Ouse and Trent. From there to the North Sea, it forms part of the boundary between the East Riding of Yorkshire on the north bank and North Lincolnshire on the south bank. Also known as the River Humber, it is tidal its entire length.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barton-upon-Humber</span> Town in North Lincolnshire, England

Barton-upon-Humber or Barton is a town and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 11,066. It is situated on the south bank of the Humber Estuary at the southern end of the Humber Bridge. It is 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Kingston upon Hull and 31 miles (50 km) north north-east of the county town of Lincoln. Other nearby towns include Scunthorpe to the south-west and Grimsby to the south-east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hornsea</span> Town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Hornsea is a seaside town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The settlement dates to at least the early medieval period. The town was expanded in the Victorian era with the coming of the Hull and Hornsea Railway in 1864. In the First World War the Mere was briefly the site of RNAS Hornsea Mere, a seaplane base. During the Second World War the town and beach was heavily fortified against invasion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immingham</span> Town and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England

Immingham is a town and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, in Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the south-west bank of the Humber Estuary, and is six miles northwest of Grimsby.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Healing, Lincolnshire</span> Human settlement in England

Healing is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England. It is situated between Stallingborough and Great Coates, and 3 miles (5 km) west from Grimsby.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paull</span> Village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Paull is a village and civil parish in Holderness, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, lying on the north bank of the Humber Estuary, east of the watercourse known as Hedon Haven.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Killingholme</span> Village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England

South Killingholme is a village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,108.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Habrough</span> Village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England

Habrough is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England, 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Grimsby and 3 miles (5 km) inland from the Humber estuary at the southern edge of the A180 road, just west of Immingham and south of South Killingholme. Humberside Airport is 4 miles (6.4 km) to the south-west.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stallingborough</span> Human settlement in England

Stallingborough is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,234.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bigby, Lincolnshire</span> Village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England

Bigby is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orby</span> Village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England

Orby is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 9 miles (14 km) east from the town of Spilsby, and 5 miles (8 km) west from the seaside resort of Skegness. The civil parish includes the hamlet of Habertoft, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the north-west. Orby lies within the Lincolnshire coast marshes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humber Refinery</span>

The Humber Refinery is a British oil refinery in South Killingholme, North Lincolnshire. It is situated south of the railway line next to the A160; Total's Lindsey Oil Refinery is north of the railway line.

Prax Lindsey Oil Refinery is an oil refinery in North Killingholme, North Lincolnshire, England owned and operated by the Prax Group. It lies to the north of the Humber Refinery, owned by rival oil company Phillips 66, and the railway line to Immingham Docks. Immingham Power Station, owned by VPI Immingham, provides the electricity and heat for the fractionation processes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wragby</span> Town and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England

Wragby is a town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated at the junction of the A157 and A158 roads, and approximately 10 miles (16 km) north-west from Horncastle and about 11 miles (18 km) north-east of Lincoln.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immingham Power Station</span> Combined heat and gas-fired power plant

Immingham Combined Heat and Power Plant is a combined heat and power, gas-fired power plant adjacent to the Humber Oil Refinery near to South Killingholme North Lincolnshire, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Port of Immingham</span> Major port located near Immingham, Lincolnshire, England

The Port of Immingham, also known as Immingham Dock, is a major port on the east coast of England, located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary in the town of Immingham, Lincolnshire. In 2019, the Port of Grimsby & Immingham was the largest port in the United Kingdom by tonnage with 54.1 million tonnes of cargo passing through that year.

The south bank of the Humber Estuary in England is a relatively unpopulated area containing large scale industrial development built from the 1950s onward, including national scale petroleum and chemical plants as well as gigawatt scale gas fired power stations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Killingholme Haven</span> United Kingdom legislation

North Killingholme Haven is a water outlet on the south bank of the Humber Estuary in the civil parish of North Killingholme, to the north-west of the Port of Immingham.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killingholme A power station</span> Former natural gas power station

Killingholme A Power Station was a combined‐cycle gas turbine natural gas power station within the civil parish of North Killingholme, in North Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England. The facility lies north of the Lindsey Oil Refinery, and adjacent to Killingholme B power station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killingholme B power station</span> Natural gas power station in England

Killingholme B Power Station is a Combined‐cycle gas turbine natural gas power station in the civil parish of North Killingholme in North Lincolnshire, north of the Lindsey Oil Refinery, and adjacent to Killingholme A power station

References

  1. ↑ "Boundary Viewer – North Killingholme (parish)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Ordnance Survey. Sheet 284. 1:25000. 2006
  3. ↑ "Area: North Killingholme (Parish) – Parish Headcounts 2001". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 2001. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  4. ↑ "Area: North Killingholme (Parish) – Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  5. ↑ "Area: Ferry (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  6. ↑ Historic England. "MONUMENT NO. 80412 (80412)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  7. ↑ Historic England. "MONUMENT NO. 80443 (80443)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  8. 1 2 Pevsner, Harris & Antrim 2002, p. 583.
  9. ↑ Historic England. "CHURCH OF SAINT DENYS (1103701)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  10. ↑ Historic England. "CHURCH OF ST DENYS (80434)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  11. ↑ Historic England. "THE OLD VICARAGE (1214966)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  12. ↑ Historic England. "North Garth moated site and associated enclosures (1007815)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  13. ↑ Historic England. "North Garth moated site (1031466)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  14. ↑ Historic England. "HOLTHAM (80440)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  15. ↑ Historic England. "Manor Farm moated site (1008044)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  16. ↑ www.ota.ox.ac.uk
  17. ↑ Historic England. "MANOR FARMHOUSE (1346854)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  18. ↑ Historic England. "MANOR FARM HOUSE (80431)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  19. ↑ Historic England. "STABLES/GRANARY APPROXIMATELY 50 METRES EAST OF MANOR FARMHOUSE (1214980)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  20. ↑ Kain, Roger J.P.; Chapman, John; Oliver, Richard R. (2004). The Enclosure Maps of England and Wales 1595–1918. Cambridge University Press. p. 368. ISBN   052182771X.
  21. ↑ Russell, Eleanor; Russell, Rex Charles (1982). Landscape changes in South Humberside: the enclosures of thirty-seven parishes. Humberside Leisure Services. pp. 107–.
  22. ↑ Allen 1834, p. 231.
  23. ↑ White, William (1872). History, Gazetteer and Directory of Lincolnshire, and the City and Diocese of Lincoln (3rd ed.). p. 542.
  24. ↑ Ordnance Survey. 1:2500 1887
  25. 1 2 Ordnance Survey. 1:2500 1887, 1908, 1932, 1966–70, 1970–1, 1972
  26. 1 2 See North Killingholme Haven
  27. ↑ Philpott, Ian (2013). The Birth of the Royal Air Force. Pen and Sword. p. 265. ISBN   9781781593332.
  28. ↑ Dow 1965, pp. 233–236.
  29. ↑ Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1907–8, 1932
  30. ↑ Historic England. "NORTH KILLINGHOLME AIRFIELD (1406903)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  31. ↑ Historic England. "NORTH KILLINGHOLME AIRFIELD TECHNICAL SITE (1406931)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  32. ↑ Historic England. "HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER H23 (1472428)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  33. ↑ Historic England. "HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER M (1472373)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  34. ↑ Lewis & Jones 1970, pp. 190–191.
  35. ↑ Symes 1987, pp. 44–46.
  36. ↑ Midttun, A., ed. (1997). European Electricity Systems in Transition. Table III.4, p.66.
  37. ↑ "GT13E gas turbines to power Killingholme A GTCC plant". Modern Power Systems. 1 January 1993. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2015.

Sources

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.