| Oenothera suffrutescens | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Onagraceae |
| Genus: | Oenothera |
| Species: | O. suffrutescens |
| Binomial name | |
| Oenothera suffrutescens | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
| |
Oenothera suffrutescens (syn. Gaura coccinea) is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known as scarlet beeblossom [3] and scarlet gaura. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Scarlet beeblossom is a perennial herb growing from a woody base and heavy roots. The stems may reach anywhere from 10 centimeters in height to over a meter and sprawling, and they are often covered in small, stiff hairs. The thin to thick clumps of stems are covered in linear to somewhat oval-shaped leaves one to seven centimeters long. Atop the stems are spike inflorescences of several flowers each. The flower has four long, stiff sepals which open and fall away from the flower to lie reflexed toward the stem. There are four spoon-shaped petals which are white to yellowish and may turn pink with age. Each flower has eight long stamens with large red, pink, or yellowish anthers arranged around a long stigma. The flowers are strongly scented. [8] The fruit is a woody capsule under a centimeter long.
The name Oenothera suffrutescens was created in 2007 when Gaura suffrutescens was moved to the genus Oenothera by Warren Lambert Wagner and Peter Coonan Hoch. It is classifed in the family Onagraceae. It has no accepted subspecies, but it has 20 synonyms according to Plants of the World Online. [2]
| Name | Year | Rank | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gaura bracteataSer. | 1828 | species | = het. |
| Gaura coccineaNutt. ex Pursh | 1813 | species | = het. |
| Gaura coccinea var. arizonicaMunz | 1938 | variety | = het. |
| Gaura coccinea var. epilobioides(Kunth) Munz | 1938 | variety | = het. |
| Gaura coccinea var. glabra(Lehm.) Torr. & A.Gray ex Munz | 1938 | variety | = het. |
| Gaura coccinea var. integerrimaTorr. | 1827 | variety | = het. |
| Gaura coccinea var. parvifoliaRickett | 1934 | variety | = het. |
| Gaura coccinea var. parvifolia(Torr.) F.C.Gates | 1939 | variety | = het. |
| Gaura coccinea var. typicaMunz | 1939 | variety | = het., not validly publ. |
| Gaura epilobioidesKunth | 1823 | species | = het. |
| Gaura glabraLehm. | 1830 | species | = het. |
| Gaura indutaWooton & Standl. | 1913 | species | = het. |
| Gaura linearisWooton & Standl. | 1913 | species | = het. |
| Gaura marginataLehm. | 1832 | species | = het. |
| Gaura multicaulisRaf. | 1832 | species | = het. |
| Gaura odorataLag. | 1816 | species | = het. |
| Gaura parvifoliaTorr. | 1827 | species | = het. |
| Gaura spicataSessé & Moc. | 1888 | species | = het. |
| Gaura suffrutescensMoc. & Sessé ex Ser. | 1828 | species | ≡ hom. |
| Schizocarya kunthiiSpach | 1835 | species | = het., nom. superfl. |
| Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym | |||
The plant is native to much of North America, especially the western and central sections. It can be found in many habitats and is occasionally seen in urban areas. In 2016 NatureServe assessed Oenothera suffrutescens under the name Gaura coccinea as globally secure (G5). [9]
Scarlet beeblossom is occasionally grown in wildflower gardens for the resemblance of its flowers to butterflies and the pleaseant scent they produce when blooming. However, some like the author Claude A. Barr dislike that it spreads by deep rhizomes making it difficult to control in a garden setting. [8]
